Training Policy and the Property Rights of Labour in Chile (1990–1997): Social Citizenship in the Atomised Market Regime

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISE HAAGH
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Regime ◽  
Training Policy ◽  
Institutional Legacies

This article argues that the training and employment policies of Chile's transition governments since 1990 have failed significantly to promote the development of human resources and occupational citizenship, and identifies key structural and political causes. In particular, the weak development of the property rights of labour and of markets in skill are seen as enduring economic and institutional legacies of the period of dictatorship which continue to constrain key areas of economic development as well as social citizenship rights. The article advocates an analysis of citizenship and skill development that identifies the problem of institutional coordination between a range of different services in labour markets. It suggests that the social organisation of skill markets in Chile systematically discriminates against long-term investments in workers. Hence, even in Chile where economic reformers have sought to maximise markets, decisions on skill investments are, to an important degree, conditioned by power relations and organisational inertia inside individual firms and, at the aggregate level, by the selective channelling of information and the (unplanned) institutional structuring of training supply.

scholarly journals The Siamese Twins: Citizenship Rights, Cleavage Formation, and Party-Union Relations in Western Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (S3) ◽  
pp. 51-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ebbinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Siamese Twins ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Prophecies of doom for both working-class party and labor unions have gained popularity in the Western industrial democracies over the last two decades. The “old” Siamese twins, working-class party and labor unions, have a century-long history of their combined struggle to achieve political and industrial citizenship rights for the working class. Both forms of interest representation are seen as facing new challenges if not a crisis due to internal and external changes of both long-term and recent nature. However, despite these prophecies political parties and union movemehts have been differently affected and have responded in dissimilar ways across Western Europe. The Siamese twins, party and unions, as social institutions, their embeddedness in the social structure, and their linkages, were molded at an earlier time with long-term consequences. Hence, we cannot grasp today's political unionism, party-union relations and organized labor's capacity for change, if we do not understand the social and political conditions under which the organization of labor interests became institutionalized. An understanding of the origins and causes of union diversity helps us to view the variations in union responses to current challenges.

Intergenerational Justice and the “Hereditary Principle”

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
J.E. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Luck Egalitarian

Abstract Is it possible to justify the passing of property rights from one generation to the next, and the acquisition of citizenship rights, on the basis of inheritance? This paper raises two considerations which indicate that typical luck egalitarian arguments against the operation of any “hereditary principle” in the intergenerational succession of economic and political rights are not conclusive. Both considerations concern autonomy. The concept of inheritance can be seen to be justified when the social connectedness of individuals is appreciated – inheritance reflects the embeddedness of individuals in the lives and projects of others both in the past and in the future. So while there may be good liberal reasons to reject inheritance as a mode of property succession, for example that it might perpetuate or initiate unequal distributions, these do not begin to suggest that nothing can be said in its favor, morally speaking, if the autonomy of individuals is understood to be situated in particular social structures. A similar case can be made for the claim that rights to citizenship are best seen as reflecting a “duty to govern”; those most embedded in the life-ways of a community would appear to be best placed to shoulder this duty. Finally, the paper considers an argument from “familiarity,” which suggests that it is not wrong to favor to some extent individuals whose genetic and cultural characteristics reflect one’s own, and concludes that such a consideration can play a role in justifying to some extent the justification of a “hereditary principle.”

scholarly journals The Place of Social Citizenship and Property Rights in Brazil’s ‘Right to the City’ Debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Friendly
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

There has been considerable attention on Brazil’s experience in applying the right to the city, influencing the urban reform movement and subsequent legislation including the 1988 Constitution and the 2001 Statute of the City. While much is known about Brazil’s urban transformations, this article views this trajectory within debates on social citizenship, expanding the focus to show that property is integral to this debate. Through the lens of social citizenship, property rights and insurgency, this article traces Brazil’s right to the city debate through a focus on three issues: (1) the rights dimension of such debates; (2) the role of the social function of property in urban legislation; and (3) the role of insurgent planning evident in urban social movements. While property rights and land rights are often distanced from debates on social citizenship, the Brazil case provides evidence in which the two are clearly intertwined.

scholarly journals (Re)Politicizing Inequalities: Movements, Parties, and Social Citizenship in Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neoliberal Development ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stable Forms

For 20 years following the 1989–1990 democratic transition, Chilean politics was characterized by stable forms of party-based political representation, relatively low levels of social mobilization, and a technocratic consensus around a neoliberal development model that generated rapid and sustained, albeit highly unequal, patterns of economic growth. This sociopolitical matrix was challenged, however, when hundreds of thousands of students and their supporters took to the streets to protest against educational inequalities, while smaller numbers of protestors mobilized around a plethora of other labor, environmental, and indigenous rights claims. This wave of social protest occurred in a context of growing detachment of Chilean citizens from traditional parties and representative institutions, and it punctured the aura of inevitability and consensus that surrounded the country's economic model. The ground-swell of popular protest signified the end of a posttransition political era in Chile and the dawning of a new one defined by the repoliticization of social and economic inequalities, including vigorous debates about the social pillars of the neoliberal model and the reach of social citizenship rights. The Chilean case sheds new light on the processes by which inequalities come to be politicized or depoliticized in different structural, institutional, and ideational contexts.

Children and young people: Citizenship or residualism?

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Terry Carney
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Tariff Protection ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Frameworks

The pace of economic and social change has quickened in the last decade; our standard of living - and the associated values of the ‘Deakin settlement’ - has been under challenge (Kelly, 1992). Social policy frameworks are under stress as a consequence of the challenge to the model which secured a living wage, arbitrated industrial awards, tariff protection and a regulated economy.It will be suggested that this ought to spawn a new contemporary formulation of the social citizenship rights of children and families. Change provides the opportunities for practical applications of this; and Victorian policy practitioners have the intellectual tradition and capacity to carry that debate. What is at issue is whether there is sufficient energy to avoid slipping back into outdated nineteenth century formulations of residualist policy.

Economic Development in 2006 and the Future of the Russian Economy: The Non-Resource-Based Sector Potential (The Economic Report of All-Russia Business Union “Delovaya Rossiya”)

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
B. Titov ◽  
I. Pilipenko ◽  
A. Danilov-Danilyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Report ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The report considers how the state economic policy contributes to the national economic development in the midterm perspective. It analyzes main current economic problems of the Russian economy, i.e. low effectiveness of the social system, high dependence on export industries and natural resources, high monopolization and underdeveloped free market, as well as barriers that hinder non-recourse-based business development including high tax burden, skilled labor deficit and lack of investment capital. We propose a social-oriented market economy as the Russian economic model to achieve a sustainable economic growth in the long-term perspective. This model is based on people’s prosperity and therefore expanding domestic demand that stimulates the growth of domestic non-resource-based sector which in turn can accelerate annual GDP growth rates to 10-12%. To realize this model "Delovaya Rossiya" proposes a program that consists of a number of directions and key groups of measures covering priority national projects, tax, fiscal, monetary, innovative-industrial, trade and social policies.

From Freezing to Investing: New Approaches to Monetary and Currency Policies

2008 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
A. Nekipelov ◽  
Yu. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The appeals to minimize state intervention in the Russian economy are counterproductive. However the excessive involvement of the state is fraught with the threat of building nomenclature capitalism. That is the main idea of the series of articles by prominent representatives of Russian economic thought who formulate their position on key elements of the long-term strategy of Russia’s development. The articles deal with such important issues as Russia’s economic policy, transition to knowledge-based economy, basic directions of monetary and structural policies, strengthening of property rights, development of human potential, foreign economic priorities of our state.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

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