Ontogeny and phylogeny of the dorsal cup in calceocrinid crinoids

The dorsal cups of 17 calceocrinid species illustrate the relations between ontogeny and phylogeny for this unique family. Paedomorphosis in conjunction with increasing adult body size comprises the dominant pattern. During evolution, the plate structure of the dorsal cup was rearranged so that the hinge of advanced crinoids resembles the juvenile configuration of more primitive species. Consideration of allometric equations dealing with the size and shape of the dorsal cup and hinge suggests that most changes were caused by displacements of the initial intercepts and offsets of timing in development. The growth of the hinge moment of typical taxa produces hinges that are functionally equivalent in adult crinoids of different body sizes.

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Ontogeny and phylogeny in primitive calceocrinid crinoids

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000030183 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 917-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James C. Brower

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Distance Matrix ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Manhattan Distance ◽

Evolutionary Trends ◽

Evolutionary Sequence ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Adult Body ◽

Number Of Branches

The evolution of primitive calceocrinids with four arm-bearing rays, here termed cremacrinids, has been examined for 13 species ofCremacrinus, Paracremacrinus, andAnulocrinususing numerical cladistics. The lineage was reconstructed from a Wagner tree of a Manhattan distance matrix. The characters were polarized by outgroup comparison. The Calceocrinidae originated from the Homocrinidae by development of the hinge, recumbent stem, loss of the BC interray basal and the C ray arm, and reorganization of the dorsal cup plates. The main evolutionary trends within cremacrinids consist of differentiation of the B and E ray arms from those of the lateral rays, increase or decrease in the number of branches and size of all arms, reduction of the B ray arm relative to those of the A and D rays, acquistion of additional main axils in the lateral rays, fusion of the infer- and superradials in the B and C rays, development of elongate brachials, and changes in adult body size.Relatively complete growth sequences are known for six species of cremacrinids and these are analyzed with allometric equations for the dorsal cup, hinge, and arms. The relationships between ontogeny and phylogeny for the links in the evolutionary sequence and the number of examples of each are listed in order of decreasing frequency and importance: 1) unclassified divergences (for example, changes in the number of branches in the E ray and the formation of elongate brachials), 12 examples; 2) 10 cases of paedomorphosis; 3) no significant differences between ancestors and descendants, seven instances; 4) five links where the dorsal cup plates are rearranged; and 5) a single change by recapitulation. Some phyletic links are characterized by several patterns whereas others only exhibit one or two kinds of transitions.

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Correction: The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study

PLoS Genetics ◽

10.1371/journal.pgen.1006166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. e1006166 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Thomas W. Winkler ◽

Anne E. Justice ◽

Mariaelisa Graff ◽

Llilda Barata ◽

Mary F. Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Large Scale ◽

Genetic Associations ◽

Interaction Study ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Adult Body ◽

Age And Sex

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The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study

PLoS Genetics ◽

10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e1005378 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

Thomas W. Winkler ◽

Anne E. Justice ◽

Mariaelisa Graff ◽

Llilda Barata ◽

Mary F. Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Large Scale ◽

Genetic Associations ◽

Interaction Study ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Adult Body ◽

Age And Sex

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A new module of AFRIMS’ spoon for larval food quantity affects development time, survival and adult body size ofAnopheles dirusunder laboratory conditions

10.1603/ice.2016.109374 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kanchana Pantuwattana

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Development Time ◽

Larval Food ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Food Quantity ◽

Adult Body

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Ontogeny of body size and shape of Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z07-092 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 1275-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sebastián P. Luque ◽

Edward H. Miller ◽

John P.Y. Arnould ◽

Magaly Chambellant ◽

Christophe Guinet

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Body Mass ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Body Shape ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Fur Seal ◽

Adult Body ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Lactation Duration

Pre- and post-weaning functional demands on body size and shape of mammals are often in conflict, especially in species where weaning involves a change of habitat. Compared with long lactations, brief lactations are expected to be associated with fast rates of development and attainment of adult traits. We describe allometry and growth for several morphological traits in two closely related fur seal species with large differences in lactation duration at a sympatric site. Longitudinal data were collected from Antarctic ( Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875); 120 d lactation) and subantarctic ( Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872); 300 d lactation) fur seals. Body mass was similar in neonates of both species, but A. gazella neonates were longer, less voluminous, and had larger foreflippers. The species were similar in rate of preweaning growth in body mass, but growth rates of linear variables were faster for A. gazella pups. Consequently, neonatal differences in body shape increased over lactation, and A. gazella pups approached adult body shape faster than did A. tropicalis pups. Our results indicate that preweaning growth is associated with significant changes in body shape, involving the acquisition of a longer, more slender body with larger foreflippers in A. gazella. These differences suggest that A. gazella pups are physically more mature at approximately 100 d of age (close to weaning age) than A. tropicalis pups of the same age.

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Heritability and adaptive phenotypic plasticity of adult body size in the mosquito Aedes aegypti with implications for dengue vector competence

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2010.10.019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Schneider ◽

Dave D. Chadee ◽

Akio Mori ◽

Jeanne Romero-Severson ◽

David W. Severson

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Dengue Vector ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Adult Body ◽

Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity

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Grass-flower thrips of the genus Chirothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a key to species from Iran

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2411.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2411 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

KAMBIZ MINAEI ◽

LAURENCE MOUND

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Species Group ◽

Identification Key ◽

Key To Species ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

New Synonym ◽

Adult Body ◽

Structural Differences

Species of the genus Chirothrips Haliday breed and pupate only within grass florets. Each larva is restricted to a single floret, and adult body size is thus presumably related to floret size. Despite this, some Chirothrips species are distinguished only on states that are related to body size. The validity of some commonly recorded members of the C. manicatus species-group, including C. africanus and C. pallidicornis, is therefore considered questionable. Character states that have been used to define the genus Agrostothrips Hood are shown to be variable, and this genus is placed as a new synonym of Chirothrips. An identification key, based on illustrated structural differences, is provided to the Chirothrips known from Iran: C. aculeatus, C. atricorpus, C. kurdistanus, C. manicatus, C. meridionalis and C. molestus.

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