Supra-thermal electron beam stopping power and guiding in dense plasmas

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO JORGE SANTOS ◽  
D. BATANI ◽  
S. D. BATON ◽  
F. N. BEG ◽  
T. CECCOTTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fast Electron ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
Guided Propagation

AbstractFast-electron beam stopping mechanisms in media ranging from solid to warm dense matter have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Laser-driven fast electrons have been transported through solid Al targets and shock-compressed Al and plastic foam targets. Their propagation has been diagnosed via rear-side optical self-emission and Kα X-rays from tracer layers. Comparison between measurements and simulations shows that the transition from collision-dominated to resistive field-dominated energy loss occurs for a fast-electron current density ~5 × 1011 A cm−2. The respective increases in the stopping power with target density and resistivity have been detected in each regime. Self-guided propagation over 200μm has been observed in radially compressed targets due to ~1kT magnetic fields generated by resistivity gradients at the converging shock front.

scholarly journals Plasma-based studies with intense X-ray and particle beam sources

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. LEE ◽  
H.A. BALDIS ◽  
R.C. CAUBLE ◽  
O.L. LANDEN ◽  
J.S. WARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
State Densities ◽  
Nonideal Plasmas

The construction of short pulse (<200 fs) tunable X-ray laser sources based on the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) concept will be a watershed for plasma-based and warm dense matter research. These new fourth generation light sources will have extremely high fields and short wavelengths (∼0.1 nm) with peak spectral brightnesses 1010 greater than third generation sources. Further, the high intensity upgrade of the GSI accelerator facilities will lead to specific energy depositions up to 200 kJ/g and temperatures between 1 and 10 eV at almost solid-state densities, enabling interesting experiments in the regime of nonideal plasmas, such as the evolution of intense ion beams in the interior of a Jovian planet. Below we discuss several applications: the creation of warm dense matter (WDM) research, probing of near solid density plasmas, and laser–plasma spectroscopy of ions in plasmas. The study of dense plasmas has been severely hampered by the fact that laser-based methods have been unavailable and these new fourth generation sources will remove these restrictions.

scholarly journals Proton stopping measurements at low velocity in warm dense carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Malko ◽  
Witold Cayzac ◽  
Valeria Ospina-Bohorquez ◽  
Krish Bhutwala ◽  
M Bailly-Grandvaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Modeling Uncertainties

Abstract Ion stopping in warm dense matter is a process of fundamental importance for the understanding of the properties of dense plasmas, the realization and the interpretation of experiments involving ion-beam-heated warm dense matter samples, and for inertial confinement fusion research. The theoretical description of the ion stopping power in warm dense matter is difficult notably due to electron coupling and degeneracy, and measurements are still largely missing. In particular, the low-velocity stopping range around the Bragg peak, that features the largest modeling uncertainties, remains virtually unexplored. Here, we report proton energy-loss measurements in warm dense plasma at unprecedented low projectile velocities, approaching significantly the Bragg-peak region. Our energy-loss data, combined with a precise target characterization based on plasma emission measurements using two independent spectroscopy diagnostics, demonstrate a significant deviation of the stopping power from classical models in this regime. In particular, we show that our results are consistent with recent first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory.

scholarly journals Stopping power of a heterogeneous warm dense matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Casas ◽  
A.A. Andreev ◽  
M. Schnürer ◽  
M.D. Barriga-Carrasco ◽  
R. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Plasma Density Profile ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bound Electrons

AbstractThe stopping power of warm dense matter (WDM) is estimated by means of the individual contributions of free electrons and bound electrons existing in this special kind of matter, located between classical and degenerate plasmas. For free electrons, the dielectric formalism, well described in our studies, is used to estimate the free electron stopping power. For bound electrons, the mean excitation energy of ions is used. Excitation energies are obtained through atomic calculations of the whole atom or, shell by shell in order to estimate their stopping power. Influence of temperature and density is analyzed in case of an impinging projectile. This influence becomes important for low projectile velocities and is negligible for high ones. Using free and bound electron analysis, the stopping power of an extended WDM is inferred from a dynamical calculation of energy transferred from the projectile to the plasma, where the stopping range is calculated. Finally, this theoretical framework is used to study a typical plasma density profile of a WDM heated by lasers.

High intensity electron beam as a tool for warm dense matter studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
朱隽 Zhu Jun ◽  
江孝国 Jiang Xiaoguo ◽  
陈楠 Chen Nan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Warm Dense Matter

scholarly journals Input Energy Control Using Electron Beam Diode as Impedance Controller to Study Warm Dense Matter by Pulsed Power Discharge with Isochoric Heating

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (0) ◽  
pp. 1204024-1204024
Author(s):  
Tomoaki ITO ◽  
Ryota HAYASHI ◽  
Tomoki ISHITANI ◽  
Md. Shahed-Uz-ZAMAN ◽  
Kenji KASHINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Isochoric Heating

scholarly journals Tracing X-ray-induced formation of warm dense gold with Boltzmann kinetic equations

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Ziaja ◽  
John Jasper Bekx ◽  
Martin Masek ◽  
Nikita Medvedev ◽  
Przemyslaw Piekarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Boltzmann Kinetic Equation ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Equation Approach ◽  
Warm Dense Matter ◽  
X Ray

Abstract In this paper, we report on the Boltzmann kinetic equation approach adapted for simulations of warm dense matter created by irradiation of bulk gold with intense ultrashort X-ray pulses. X-rays can excite inner-shell electrons, which triggers creation of deep-lying core holes. Their relaxation, especially in heavier elements such as gold (atomic number $$Z= 79$$ Z = 79 ) takes complicated pathways, involving collisional processes, and leading through a large number of active configurations. This number can be so high that solving a set of evolution equations for each configuration becomes computationally inefficient, and another modeling approach should be used instead. Here, we use the earlier introduced ’predominant excitation and relaxation path’ approach. It still uses true atomic configurations but limits their number by restricting material relaxation to a selected set of predominant pathways for material excitation and relaxation. With that, we obtain time-resolved predictions for excitation and relaxation in X-ray irradiated bulk of gold, including the respective change of gold optical properties. We compare the predictions with the available data from high-energy-density experiments. Their good agreement indicates ability of the Boltzmann kinetic equation approach to describe warm dense matter created from high-Z materials after their irradiation with X rays, which can be validated in future experiments. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Unraveling resistive versus collisional contributions to relativistic electron beam stopping power in cold-solid and in warm-dense plasmas

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 033101 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vauzour ◽  
A. Debayle ◽  
X. Vaisseau ◽  
S. Hulin ◽  
H.-P. Schlenvoigt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Relativistic Electron Beam ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Dense Plasmas
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