Vahliellaceae, a new family of cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes)

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats WEDIN ◽  
Per Magnus JØRGENSEN ◽  
Stefan EKMAN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Lichens

AbstractThe recently described genus Vahliella (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes) has repeatedly appeared outside the Pannariaceae in molecular phylogenies. Here we include data from additional species of the genus and utilize mtSSU rDNA and RPB1 sequences to confirm its placement as the sister to a group consisting of Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae and Peltigeraceae, in the Peltigerales. The new family Vahliellaceae Wedin, P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman is described for the genus, and its morphological characteristics are briefly discussed.

Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1013 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY A. KOLBASOV ◽  
WILLIAM A. NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Family Group ◽  
New Family ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
A New Species

The morphology of the females and males of the ancient acrothoracican burrowing barnacle family, the Lithoglpytidae Aurivillius, 1892, was surveyed. It became evident that by resurrecting a previously described family-group taxon and proposing a new family-group taxon, the Lithoglyptidae could readily be divided into three subfamilies, the Lithoglyptinae s.s. Aurivillius, 1892 stat. nov., the Weltneriinae subfam. nov., and the Kochlorininae Gruvel, 1905 stat. nov. The largest and relatively generalized lithoglyptine genus, Lithoglyptes s.l., was investigated utilizing SEM as well as conventional means. From gross morphological characteristics it became evident these species fell into three natural groups for which we propose the genera Lithoglyptes s.s., Auritoglyptes gen. nov., and Armatoglyptes gen. nov. The relationships between the species as well as the genera are explored cladistically, a new species of Armatoglyptes is described from Bermuda, the biogeography of the subfamily is discussed, and a key to the genera and species is provided.

Morphological and genetic description of Moniliformis necromysi sp. n. (Archiacanthocephala) from the wild rodent Necromys lasiurus (Cricetidae: Sigmondontinae) in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.N. Gomes ◽  
N.A. Costa ◽  
R. Gentile ◽  
R.V. Vilela ◽  
A. Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Wild Rodent ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies ◽  
A New Species

Abstract A new species of Moniliformis Travassos, 1915 (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) is described from the hairy-tailed bolo mouse, Necromys lasiurus Lund, 1840 (Cricetidae: Sigmondontinae), captured in the Brazilian Cerrado, in Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The specimens were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Molecular phylogenies were inferred from partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The new species is distinguished from other moniliformid species by the number of rows and number of hooks per row, size of the proboscis, size of the eggs, host species and geographical distribution. Molecular phylogenies and genetic distances analyses demonstrated that Moniliformis necromysi sp. n. forms a well-supported monophyletic group with sequences of other species of Moniliformis and is distinguished from them, which agrees with the morphological characteristics, allocating the new species to this genus and to the family Moniliformidae Van Cleave, 1924. This is the first moniliformid acanthocephalan described from a wild rodent in Brazil.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of the Baikalodrilus species flock (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae), an endemic genus to Lake Baikal (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Martin ◽  
Gontran Sonet ◽  
Nathalie Smitz ◽  
Thierry Backeljau
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Time Of Divergence

Abstract Lake Baikal is populated by an endemic genus of oligochaetes (Baikalodrilus), which currently comprises 24 morphospecies. The genus can be considered as a ‘species flock’. However, the validity of many species is questionable: the great similarity in their description and the lack of unequivocal diagnostic characters often lead species identification to an impasse. In order to clarify the systematics of this genus, we analysed two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA markers of 40 Baikalodrilus specimens. DNA and morphological approaches are mostly congruent in suggesting ten candidate species, although two additional species are suspected. A reassessment of the taxonomic value of the morphological characteristics of Baikalodrilus suggests that there are few that can be used as distinctive, specific criteria in the genus. The association between candidate and nominal species remains problematic, except for three species identified prior to molecular analyses. Baikalodrilus trituberculum sp. nov. is described. Phylogenetic inferences suggests that the earliest split in Baikalodrilus and the time of divergence of most lineages corresponding to species are consistent with the hypothesis of a general rearrangement of the Baikal fauna, following major environmental changes due to a general cooling in the Early Pleistocene.

Annotated catalogue of species of Angiostrongylus and the related genera Gallegostrongylus, Rodentocaulus and Stefanskostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea, Angiostrongylidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 389-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Cowie
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
New Family ◽  
Future Work

AbstractThis catalogue is concerned with the closely related angiostrongylid generaAngiostrongylus,Gallegostrongylus,RodentocaulusandStefanskostrongylus. Three species,Angiostrongylus cantonensis,A. costaricensisandA. vasorum, have attracted most attention because of their importance in human and domestic animal disease. Many of the remaining species are poorly known and the number of valid taxa is unclear. The catalogue lists all nomenclaturally available and unavailable genus-group and species-group names that have been applied to the above genera and the species included in them, indicating their current nomenclatural status and providing the rigorous nomenclatural basis for future work. The catalogue lists 14 published and nomenclaturally available genus-group names, with the above four treated as valid, the other ten being junior synonyms. There are 42 published species-group names: 36 are valid, two are junior synonyms, four are nomenclaturally unavailable. One additional species, described inChabaudistrongylus(synonym ofAngiostrongylus), is listed asincertae sedisin Angiostrongylidae. Also listed are two unpublished collection names. The catalogue provides bibliographic details for all published names, and for available names provides locations of type material, details of type localities, geographic distributions and details of type and other hosts, both definitive and intermediate, to the extent known. The catalogue is a work of nomenclature, not a revisionary taxonomic work. No new names or new combinations are proposed. The apparently new family-group synonymy of Cardionematinae with Angiostrongylidae is introduced, as are four genus-group synonymies, three withAngiostrongylusand one withStefaskostrongylus.

Massalongiaceae fam. nov., an overlooked monophyletic group among the cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats WEDIN ◽  
Per Magnus JØRGENSEN ◽  
Elisabeth WIKLUND
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cyanobacterial Lichens

In this investigation we utilized parsimony and Bayesian analyses of mtSSU and nuLSU rDNA sequence datasets to show that the lichenized ascomycete genera Leptochidium and Polychidium (formerly classified in Placynthiaceae) form a well-supported monophyletic group with Massalongia (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). This group is also supported by morphological characteristics (ascus type, ascoma ontogeny and anatomy), but does not have a formal name on any level. We describe it here as the family Massalongiaceae. Massalongiaceae is related to a group consisting of Peltigeraceae-Nephromataceae, and Lobariaceae, but the detailed relationships within this group are not resolved with convincing support.

scholarly journals Gymnosporangium species on Malus: species delineation, diversity and host alternation

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-100
Author(s):  
P. Zhao ◽  
X.H. Qi ◽  
P.W. Crous ◽  
W.J. Duan ◽  
L. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Host Alternation ◽  
New Family ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Gymnosporangium species (Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are the causal agents of cedarapple rust diseases, which can lead to significant economic losses to apple cultivars. Currently, the genus contains 17 described species that alternate between spermogonial/aecial stages on Malus species and telial stages on Juniperus or Chamaecyparis species, although these have yet to receive a modern systematic treatment. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that Gymnosporangium does not belong to the Pucciniaceae sensu stricto (s.str.), nor is it allied to any currently defined rust family. In this study we examine the phylogenetic placement of the genus Gymnosporangium. We also delineate interspecific boundaries of the Gymnosporangium species on Malus based on phylogenies inferred from concatenated data of rDNA SSU, ITS and LSU and the holomorphic morphology of the entire life cycle. Based on these results, we propose a new family, Gymnosporangiaceae, to accommodate the genus Gymnosporangium, and recognize 22 Gymnosporangium species parasitic on Malus species, of which G. lachrymiforme, G. shennongjiaense, G. spinulosum, G. tiankengense and G. kanas are new. Typification of G. asiaticum, G. fenzelianum, G. juniperi-virginianae, G. libocedri, G. nelsonii, G. nidus-avis and G. yamadae are proposed to stabilize the use of names. Morphological and molecular data from type materials of 14 Gymnosporangium species are provided. Finally, morphological characteristics, host alternation and geographical distribution data are provided for each Gymnosporangium species on Malus.

Neowollea manoromense gen. & sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a novel geosmin producer isolated from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 424 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
WITTAYA TAWONG ◽  
PONGSANAT PONGCHAROEN ◽  
PIYAWAT PONGPADUNG ◽  
SUPAT PONZA
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Freshwater Pond ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

In the present study, two new filamentous cyanobacterial strains (NUACC12 and NUACC15) were described based on a comprehensive study of morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. The novel strains were isolated from a shallow freshwater pond in the central region of Thailand. The morphological features of both strains are similar to those of Wollea species, W. ambigua, but are different in the dimensions of heterocyte and akinete cells as well as the absence of a sheath around the trichome. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA and 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) revealed that new strains formed a robust supported clade which does not belong to the same clade with the type species of other cyanobacterial genera. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequence similarity between new strains and other putatively related taxa such as Wollea, Amphiheterocytum, Sphaerospermopsis, and Raphidiopsis raciborskii ranged from 96.1–97.4%, a level of similarity low enough for separating species differences. The unique patterns of the ITS secondary structure also clearly support two new strains representing a distinct cyanobacterial species. Considering all the results obtained in the present study, we here name the new genus Neowollea gen. nov., with the type species N. manoromense sp. nov. Based on morphology, ecology, 16S rDNA data and D1–D1′ helix structure, we also propose N. salina comb. nov. (basionym Wollea salina) as an additional species in the novel genus. Furthermore, the results of PCR amplification and GC/MS/MS analysis confirmed that two N. manoromense strains could produce an odorous compound, geosmin.

Genetic Relationships among Cultivated Species of Rhododendron L. Section Pentanthera G.Don Based on DNA Sequence Variation of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 505f-506
Author(s):  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
R.L. Jarret ◽  
C.D. Robacker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis

Rhododendron section Pentanthera has traditionally been viewed as a group of closely related species due to the relative lack of distinctive morphological characteristics separating species and numerous reports in the literature of artificial and natural fertile hybrids that produce fertile progeny. Significant variation within species has created difficulties in efforts to assemble these taxa into well-defined groups. Genetic relationships among cultivated specimens of the 15 currently recognized species in Rhododendron section Pentanthera were derived from sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Sequences of the entire ITS region including ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S subunit were generated by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragments. Rhododendron vaseyi A.Gray, Rhododendron section Rhodora (L.) G.Don was used as an outgroup. Aligned sequences of the 16 taxa resulted in 690 characters. A distance matrix of sequence divergence was calculated using Kimura's two parameter model. A bootstrap analysis was performed and a phenogram was constructed using MEGA. A phenetic assay rather than a phylogenetic analysis was performed because the ITS region contained only eight (1.16%) phylogenetically informative sites. The entire ITS region contained 41 variable sites (5.94%). Five species had identical ITS sequences. Seven additional species differed only by one or two base pair substitutions and/or the addition or deletion of one or two base pairs. R. luteum Sweet, R. occidentale A. Gray, R. molle (Blume) G.Don, and the outgroup, R. vaseyi had noticeable variation (base substitutions, additions, and deletions) compared to the other species. Divergence values among the taxa were extremely low, ranging from 0.00% to 3.51%. This molecular data, and previous hybridization studies, do not support the accepted taxonomic treatment of the section.

scholarly journals Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1748) ◽  
pp. 4694-4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Veijalainen ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg ◽  
Gavin R. Broad ◽  
Terry L. Erwin ◽  
John T. Longino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
Richness Patterns

The megadiverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is classically considered an exception to the extensively studied latitudinal diversity gradient: the majority of ichneumonid species are described from temperate regions. The gradient has been hypothesized to be dependent on the biology of the wasps, but recently questions of sampling and description biases have been raised. Here, we show with primary data that the species richness of Ichneumonidae is markedly underestimated in tropical areas and that latitudinal diversity patterns in the family remain uncharacterized. We discovered a startling 177 likely undescribed orthocentrine species with relatively low sampling effort in the forests of Central America and Amazonian Ecuador, over three times the previously known orthocentrine diversity in the world's tropics. Species accumulation curves reveal that we are just beginning to unveil the true extent of tropical orthocentrine diversity. We also found evidence for cryptic species; our DNA analysis revealed additional species not easily distinguishable using morphological characteristics. The difficulty in establishing species richness patterns of Ichneumonidae probably follows from the relative lack of taxonomic expertise and the low density of ichneumonid species throughout the landscape.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

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