On the articulatory classification of (alveolo)palatal consonants

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Recasens
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
International Phonetic Alphabet ◽  
Symmetry Requirement ◽  
Configuration Data ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

Linguopalatal and sagittal vocal tract configuration data from a large number of languages reveal that the so-called palatal consonants (i.e. [ç ʎ c ɲ j]), as well as the vowel [i], are often realized simultaneously at the alveolar and palatal zones. Moreover, while some of these sound categories may also exhibit a palatal constriction ([ç c ɲj i]), others are exclusively alveolar or alveolopalatal in line with the manner of articulation characteristics involved ([ʎ], also [ɕ] and [tʃ]). Consonants may favor one or more places of articulation and differ in fronting degree depending on the language taken into consideration; moreover, there appears to be a symmetry requirement by which consonants differing in manner, such as [c] and [ɲ], may agree in place. The data reported in this paper argue in favor of a revision of the articulatory classification of palatal consonants by the International Phonetic Alphabet involving their subdivision into two classes, an alveolopalatal and a palatal one.

Articulatory Phonetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-284
Author(s):  
Nabat Erdogan ◽  
Michael Wei
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
International Phonetic Alphabet ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Articulatory Phonetics ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

The main focus of this chapter is to present the articulatory description of English consonants and provide practical guidance on how to teach the consonant phonemes to ELLs. The chapter starts with the introduction of phonetics as a subfield of linguistics. The concepts such as phonemes, contrastive versus non-contrastive sounds, the branches of phonetics that study different aspects of human speech sounds, and two different types of phonemes—consonants and vowels—are introduced in this section. Next, the reader is familiarized with the International Phonetic Alphabet, which is a system of phonetic transcription. The chapter further presents the description of the vocal tract and explores the classification of English consonants according to their place and manner of articulation, and voicing. Some implications from the introduced phonetics theory for teaching phonics, phonemic awareness, and spelling to young ELLs, and pronunciation to adult English learners, as well as a set of recommendations for effective phonetics instruction for ELLs are discussed to conclude the chapter.

scholarly journals Classification of speech under stress based on modeling of the vocal folds and vocal tract

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yao ◽  
Takatoshi Jitsuhiro ◽  
Chiyomi Miyajima ◽  
Norihide Kitaoka ◽  
Kazuya Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds

Phonetics of Consonants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fuchs ◽  
Peter Birkholz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
Major Class ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

Consonants are a major class of sounds occurring in all human languages. Typologically, consonant inventories are richer than vowel inventories. Consonants have been classified according to four basic features. Airstream mechanism is one of these features and describes the direction of airflow in or out of the oral cavity. The outgoing airflow is further separated according to its origin, that is, air coming from the lungs (pulmonic) or the oral cavity (non-pulmonic). Consonants are also grouped according to their phonological voicing contrast, which can be manifested phonetically by the presence or absence of vocal fold oscillations during the oral closure/constriction phase and by the duration from an oral closure release to the onset of voicing. Place of articulation is the third feature and refers to the location at which a consonantal constriction or closure is produced in the vocal tract. Finally, manner of articulation reflects different timing and coordinated actions of the articulators closely tied to aerodynamic properties.

Source and Vocal Tract Cues for Speech-Based Classification of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuka Bhattacharjee ◽  
Jhansi Mallela ◽  
Yamini Belur ◽  
Nalini Atchayaram ◽  
Ravi Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vocal Tract

scholarly journals Time-Frequency Analysis of Kannada Phonetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Sharada C. Sajjan ◽  
Vijaya C
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Time Frequency Analysis ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Kannada Language ◽  
Energy Maximum ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

This paper presents phonetics of Kannada language and their classification based on time-frequency analysis. Each distinct sound of speech called phoneme is produced by changing the shape of the vocal tract tube. The resonances of the vocal tract tube called formant frequencies are responsible for producing different phonemes. It is observed that vowels (Swaragalu in Kannada) have clear formant structure and they are about 3 to 5 formant frequencies of significance below 5000 Hz. They are characterized by having high energy, maximum airflow and periodicity and are classified based on the location of formant frequencies. Consonants (Vyanjanagalu in Kannada) are classified based on voicing, place of articulation and manner of articulation. Time-frequency analysis reveals that there are totally 37 distinct phonemes in Kannada language.

scholarly journals Detection & Classification of Voice Pathology using Electrical Circuit Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3836-3839
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Pathological Voice

The classification of pathological voice is a hot topic that has been expected significant consideration. Voice pathology is related with a vocal folds difficulty, and for this reason, the vocal tract area which is joined to vocal folds demonstrate random patterns in case of a pathological voice. This random pattern is considered to distinguish healthy and pathological voices. It is possible to utilize transmission line theory in discovering automatic voice pathology detection by taking into consideration the vocal tract as acoustic lines. The work concentrates on developing a feature extraction for detecting and classifying vocal fold polyp by investigating different vocal tract parameters. In this paper, the vocal tract length and area are utilized for computing electrical parameters of the vocal tract. Furthermore, these electrical parameters are used for the classification of pathological voice. Finally, using electrical parameters 97.3% accuracy is obtained with SVM classifier when compared with 88.2% with the acoustic parameters, 85.3% accuracy considering physical parameters and other methods used in the past. The outcomes demonstrate that electrical parameters of the vocal tract can be utilized all the more successfully with better precision in voice pathology identification.

Estimation of vocal tract parameters for the classification of speech under stress

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yao ◽  
Takatoshi Jitsuhiro ◽  
Chiyomi Miyajima ◽  
Norihide Kitaoka ◽  
Kazuya Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract

scholarly journals Classification of Parkinson Disease Based on Analysis and Synthesis of Voice Signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vikas Mittal ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pitch Ratio

The most important application of voice profiling is pathological voice detection. Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system responsible for essentially progressive evolution movement disorders. 70% to 90% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients show an affected voice. This paper proposes a methodology for PD based on acoustic, glottal, physical, and electrical parameters. The results show that the acoustic parameter is more important in the case of Parkinson’s disease as compared to glottal and physical parameters. The authors achieved 97.2% accuracy to differentiate Parkinson and healthy voice using jitter to pitch ratio proposed algorithm. The Authors also proposed an algorithm of poles calculation of the vocal tract to find formants of the vocal tract. Further, formants are used for finding the transfer function of vocal tract filter. In the end, the authors suggested parameters of the electrical vocal tract model are also changed in the case of PD voices.

scholarly journals Recognition of vowels in continuous speech by using formants

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Prica ◽  
Sinisa Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Formant Analysis

Speech consists of acoustic pressure waves created by the voluntary movements of anatomical structures in the human speech production system. These waveforms are broadly classified into voiced and unvoiced speech. Voiced sounds (vowels for example), produce quasi-periodic pulses of air which are acoustically filtered as they propagate through the vocal tract. The main distinction between vowels and consonants is that vowels resonate in the throat. Formants are exactly the resonant frequencies of a vocal tract when pronouncing a vowel. In this paper we attempt to carry out Vowel Recognition through Formant Analysis in Serbian language, wherein we detect which of the five Serbian vowels is spoken by the Speaker. Here we describe a standard approach for classification of vowels in continuous speech based on three formants: F1, F2 and F3. We have investigated the correlations between formants in each vowel and developed the algorithm to reduce the overlap of different vowels in F1-F2 and F2-F3 planes.

The Treatment of Nasal Elements by Early Arab and Muslim Phoneticians

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 285-305
Author(s):  
M. H. Bakalla
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Graphic Data ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Modern Arabic

Summary This article attempts to give a summary of the contribution made by early Arabs and Muslims in the field of phonetic sciences. Works by scholars like al-Khalīl (d.175/791), Sībawayhi (d.177/793), Ibn Jinnī (d.392/1002), Ibn Sīnā or Avicenne (d.428/1037) and others will be given special attention in this connection. In particular, it presents the various treatments of the Arabic nasal sounds and the phenomenon of nasalization. As a term of reference, the Arab and Muslim phoneticians divided the Arabic phonemes into categories such as: glottals, pharyngeals, palatals, dentals /l, r, n/, and labials /f, b, m, w/. Al-Khalīl is one of the first Arab phoneticians to order the Arabic phonemes in terms of place of articulation along the vocal tract from the glottis upward to the lips. His student, Sībawayhi, and later phoneticians also recognized other categories in terms of manner of articulation such as: voiced/voiceless, stop/ non-stop, rolled, lateral, nasals/m, n/, including variants, e.g. [ŋ, N]. Further, Sībawayhi and Ibn Jinnī seem to lay more emphasis on treating ghunna or nasality and other features in terms of binary distinctive feature analysis. The Muslim phoneticians also recognized that in certain contexts /n/ and /m/ may influence non-nasals, both vowels and consonants. In sum, a close look at the early Arab grammatical works reveals an underlying systematic approach and a rich mine of terminology which are relevant both to modern Arabic phonetics and general phonetics. Some instrumental (spectographic and mingo-graphic) data are included at the end of the article in order to support some of the descriptive techniques used in early phonetic heritage.

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