Excavating sponges from the Adriatic Sea: description ofCliona adriaticasp. nov. (Demospongiae: Clionaidae) and estimation of its boring activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Calcinai ◽  
G. Bavestrello ◽  
G. Cuttone ◽  
C. Cerrano
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Excavating Sponges ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Boring Sponge ◽  
Sponge Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Rocky Bottoms

Boring sponge diversity in the area of the Conero Promontory, the most important rocky emergence on the west coast of the Adriatic Sea (Italy), was assessed. Four species were recorded; one of them,Cliona adriatica, is new and is described here. The new species differs from all the other excavating sponge species, characterized by yellow papillae and lacking or scarcity of microscleres, in the large size of the boring chambers and the presence of numerous styles.Cliona adriaticais present on about 12% of the surface of rocky bottoms in the Conero Promontory area. The impact of this highly destructive species on the carbonatic micritic rock of the promontory was evaluated calculating a relationship between the volume of the boring chambers and the surface of the epilithic portions. Consequently, it was estimated that 1 cm2of epilithic tissue corresponds to 8.5 g of excavated rock. The recorded correlation between the excavated volume and the area of the papillar zone (roughly the area of the substratum affected by the erosion) allows an estimation of the substratum removed by a boring sponge, using only visually oriented, non-destructive, sampling methods.

How effective are non-destructive sampling methods to assess aquatic invertebrate diversity in bromeliads?

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 649 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jocque ◽  
A. Kernahan ◽  
A. Nobes ◽  
C. Willians ◽  
R. Field
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrate ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Non Destructive

Effectiveness of Sampling Methods for Salmonella Detection on Processed Broilers

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. COX ◽  
A. J. MERCURI ◽  
D. A. TANNER ◽  
M. O. CARSON ◽  
J. E. THOMSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Skin Samples

A total of 240 processed broiler carcasses (water-chilled and unfrozen) were each sampled by three methods (whole-carcass rinse, neck-skin rinse, and macerated neck skin) for detection of Salmonella. In addition to this, various procedures were compared: destructive (incubating the entire carcass with the rinse fluid) versus non-destructive (incubating the rinse water with concentrated lactose or selenite cystine broth added after removal of the carcass) sampling and pre-enrichment versus no pre-enrichment during Salmonella detection procedures. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the percentage of Salmonella-positive carcasses obtained by destructive sampling and the percentage obtained by non-destructive samples of whole carcasses. There was also no significant difference (p < 0.05) in results obtained by rinsing and blending excised neck-skin samples. There was highly significant difference (p = 0.001), however, between whole carcass and neck-skin analyses. With whole-carcass sampling, 45% of the carcasses were positive for the presence of Salmonella while with rinsing or blending the neck skin of these same carcasses, only 11% and 12%, respectively, were positive for the organism. Pre-enrichment of the whole carcass, of the whole-carcass rinse, or of the neck-skin samples did not result in significantly greater percentages of positive results than did direct enrichment of these samples.

Evaluation of two non-destructive sampling methods for bean thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) detection in navel oranges

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alex Harman ◽  
Chang Xuan Mao ◽  
L.J. Robinson ◽  
J.G. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals BIOMASSA KANDUNGAN KARBON DAN SERAPAN CO2 PADA TEGAKAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI MANGROVE BEDONO, DEMAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Teguh Budi Prakoso ◽  
Norma Afiati ◽  
Djoko Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRAKEmisi CO2 yang terakumulasi di atmosfer menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan iklim secara global. Untuk mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan saat ini adalah meningkatkan penyerapan karbon dan/atau menurunkan emisi di atmosfer. Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai pereduksi karbon melalui proses sekuestrasi (C-sequestration). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghitung kerapatan, kandungan karbon dan serapan CO2 serta mengetahui hubungan korelasi kerapatan mangrove dengan kandungan karbon pada tegakan mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode non-destructive sampling menggunakan persamaan alometrik. Pendekatan persamaan alometrik yang digunakan yaitu model alometrik biomassa pohon untuk jenis atau tipe ekosistem mangrove yang sudah tersedia atau dikembangkan di lokasi lain. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan kerapatan tegakan mangrove di area tanam tahun 2004, 2007, dan 2010 adalah 1460 individu/ha, 1868 individu/ha, dan 2128 individu/ha. Biomassa pada area tanam tahun 2004 sebesar 206,77 ton/ha (103,39 ton C/ha, dan menyerap 379,09 ton CO2/ha). Area tanam tahun 2007 memiliki biomassa 293,73 ton/ha (146,86 ton C/ha, dan menyerap 538,50 ton CO2/ha), dan area tanam tahun 2010 memiliki biomassa 260,02 ton/ha (130,01 ton C/ha, dan menyerap 476,67 ton CO2/ha). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kerapatan jenis dan umur tegakan mangrove merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya biomassa. Hasil uji regresi-korelasi menunjukkan, perubahan kerapatan mangrove akan berpengaruh secara signifikan pada ekosistem mangrove dalam menyimpan karbon dan menyerap CO2 dari atmosfer. Kata Kunci: Mangrove, biomassa, karbon, kerapatan jenis ABSTRACTEmissions of CO2 that accumulated in the atmosphere causes global climate change.  To reduce the impact of climate change, one of the efforts is increased carbon sequestration. The mangrove ecosystem has ecological function as reducing carbon through sequestration process (C-sequestration). Aimed of this research to calculate the density, carbon content and absorption ability CO2 as well as knowing the correlation of mangrove density with carbon sequestration in mangrove. The method used in this research is use non destructive sampling method with allometric equation. The approach allometric equations were used that tree biomass allometric models for the type or types of mangrove ecosystems that are already available or developed in other locations. The measurement results of mangrove density in planting area 2004, 2007 and 2010 were 1,460 individuals/ha, 1868 individuals/ha, and 2128 individuals/ha. Biomass at the planting area in 2004 amounted to 206.77 ton/ha (103.39 ton C/ha, and absorbs 379.09 ton CO2/ha). Planting area in 2007 have biomass 293.73 ton / ha (146.86 ton C/ha, and absorbs 538.50 ton CO2/ha), and the planting area in 2010 have biomass 260.02 ton/ha (130.01 ton C/ha, and absorbs 476.67 ton CO2/ha). Based on the research results, the density of mangrove species and age are factors that influence the amount of tree biomass. The results of regression-correlation analysis showed, if mangrove density change significantly, it can influence the mangrove ecosystem in carbon sequestration and absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Keywords: Mangrove, biomass, carbon, mangrove density

scholarly journals A Minimally Destructive Protocol for DNA Extraction from Ancient Teeth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éadaoin Harney ◽  
Olivia Cheronet ◽  
Daniel M. Fernandes ◽  
Kendra Sirak ◽  
Matthew Mah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAncient DNA sampling methods—although optimized for efficient DNA extraction—are destructive, relying on drilling or cutting and powdering (parts of) bones and teeth. As the field of ancient DNA has grown, so have concerns about the impact of destructive sampling of the skeletal remains from which ancient DNA is obtained. Due to a particularly high concentration of endogenous DNA, the cementum of tooth roots is often targeted for ancient DNA sampling, but standard destructive sampling methods often result in the loss of at least one entire root. Here, we present a minimally destructive method for extracting ancient DNA from dental cementum present on the surface of tooth roots. This method does not require destructive drilling or grinding, and, following extraction, the tooth remains safe to handle and suitable for most morphological studies, as well as other biochemical studies, such as radiocarbon dating. We extracted and sequenced ancient DNA from 30 teeth (and 9 corresponding petrous bones) using this minimally destructive extraction method in addition to a typical tooth sampling method. We find that the minimally destructive method can provide ancient DNA that is of comparable quality to extracts produced from teeth that have undergone destructive sampling processes. Further, we find that a rigorous cleaning of the tooth surface combining diluted bleach and UV light irradiation seems sufficient to minimize external contaminants usually removed through the physical removal of a superficial layer when sampling through regular powdering methods.

scholarly journals Macrobenthos Community in the Littoral Zone Water Area of Iboih Beach Sabang, Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Rita Oktavia ◽  
Nurdian Amin
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
High Level ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Zone Water

The aim of this study is to know the macrobenthos community in the littoral zone water area of Iboih beach, Aceh. Sample collection is conducted by using plot size of 1 x 1 meter, destructive sampling and non-destructive sampling methods. The results shows that macrobenthos inventory on Rubiah Island in Sabang, Aceh with destructive sampling methods is amounted to 8 species from 5 families, while Benthos obtained from non-destructive sampling methods is amounted to 8 species from 6 families. Macrobenthos inventory on the water of natural tourism area of Iboih beach Sabang. Diversity index is moderate with H '= 1.22061, and non-destructive value H' = 1.31391. Includes the category of moderate diversity. In Payau waters with destructive H'= 1.74816, nondestructive with a value of H' = 1.7104. Has a moderate diversity index. Macroentent inventory of the Teupin Layeu Mangrove Waters of Sabang City found 27 and 29 species of benthos. Among them (Meretrik meretrik) is amounted to 44, (Anadara cunearca) is amounted to 36 and many other species. With species diversity H'= 3, 2114 indicates a high level of species diversity.

Duplex DNA barcoding allows accurate species determination of morphologically similar limpets (Patella spp.) from non-destructive sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ashton ◽  
Meriem Kayoueche-Reeve ◽  
Andrew J. Blight ◽  
Jon Moore ◽  
David M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Non Destructive

Accurate discrimination of two morphologically similar species of Patella limpets has been facilitated by using qPCR amplification of species-specific mitochondrial genomic regions. Cost-effective and non-destructive sampling is achieved using a mucus swab and simple sample lysis and dilution to create a PCR template. Results show 100% concurrence with dissection and microscopic analysis, and the technique has been employed successfully in field studies. The use of highly sensitive DNA barcoding techniques such as this hold great potential for improving previously challenging field assessments of species abundance.

scholarly journals Empirical Investigation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Target Adjustment Models: Capital Structure of Non-Financial Firms in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar K. Abu Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
Target Leverage ◽  
The Impact

The different capital structure theories propose the possible asymmetric behavior of capital structure. Thus, this paper empirically investigates whether non-financial Jordanian firms follow symmetrical or asymmetrical adjustment model. Then, an interaction model with the size and profitability (firm characteristics) investigated the impact of low/high profit and small/large size on the adjustment of leverage towards the target leverage ratio. This paper covered the period of 14 years (2002-2015) for a total of 110 companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (75 industrial and 35 services). Results indicate that although Jordanian firms seek a target leverage ratio, their adjustment towards that target is Asymmetrical and high profitable and large companies tend to adjust faster than low profitable and small size companies.

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