scholarly journals Siphonophores from surface waters of the Colombian Pacific Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Uribe-Palomino ◽  
Raúl López ◽  
Mark J. Gibbons ◽  
Felipe Gusmão ◽  
Anthony J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Colombian Pacific

Siphonophores are colonial hydrozoans that feed on zooplankton including fish larvae, and occur throughout the world's oceans from surface waters to ocean depths. Here we describe the composition of hyponeustonic siphonophores (0–3 m depth) from the tropical Colombian Pacific Ocean based on 131 plankton samples collected between June–October from 2001–2004. Samples were dominated by species of Calycophorae, with only three species of Physonectae identified, consistent with their deeper depth distribution. Muggiaea atlantica, Chelophyes contorta, Diphyes dispar, and Eudoxoides mitra were the most common of the 21 species identified. We found moderate structuring of the siphonophore community by the salinity gradient from inshore to offshore, and greater richness during the night because of diel vertical migration. Temperature did not play a significant role in structuring siphonophore communities, perhaps because of the narrow temperature range observed (3.5 °C). We extend the known temperature and salinity range of several species, including M. atlantica up to temperatures of 28.6 °C and salinities down to 24.7. Interestingly, only polygastric stages of M. atlantica were found, suggesting the reproductive stage of M. atlantica in tropical waters might be found in deeper waters. Chelophyes appendiculata was rare in our study and C. contorta was common, providing evidence they have a potential allopatric relationship, with C. contorta replacing C. appendiculata in warm water. Finally, we found siphonophore abundance was positively related to the abundance of copepods and fish eggs, with the top 13 most abundant species all having positive correlations, suggesting siphonophore abundances are tightly controlled by their food.

Depth Distribution of Oceanic Shrimps (Decapoda; Natantia) off Oregon

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Pearcy ◽  
Carl A. Forss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations

Sixteen species of oceanic shrimps, seven Penaeidea and nine Caridea, appeared in 244 collections made within the upper 1500 m at one station in the northeast Pacific off Oregon. Most of the species were primarily mesopelagic in distribution.The most abundant species, Sergestes similis, was the only shrimp common in epipelagic waters at night and the only species clearly demonstrating diel vertical migrations. Night catches exceeded day catches in near-surface waters, while day catches exceeded night catches at mid-depths. Sergestes similis migrated into the upper 50 m at night and on one occasion was collected at the surface.

EXTREME VALUES OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-PERIOD PHENOMENA OCCURRED DURING 1960-2015 IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Igor Malikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arctic Oscillation Index ◽  
Colombian Pacific

Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), in four coastal hydrographic stations of Colombian Pacific Ocean, were analyzed. The selected hydrographic stations were: Tumaco (1°48'N-78°45'W), Gorgona island (2°58'N-78°11'W), Solano Bay (6°13'N-77°24'W) and Malpelo island (4°0'N-81°36'W). SSTA time series for 1960-2015 were calculated from monthly Sea Surface Temperature obtained from International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). SSTA time series, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO), Arctic Oscillation index (AO) and sunspots number (associated to solar activity), were compared. It was found that the SSTA absolute minimum has occurred in Tumaco (-3.93°C) in March 2009, in Gorgona (-3.71°C) in October 2007, in Solano Bay (-4.23°C) in April 2014 and Malpelo (-4.21°C) in December 2005. The SSTA absolute maximum was observed in Tumaco (3.45°C) in January 2002, in Gorgona (5.01°C) in July 1978, in Solano Bay (5.27°C) in March 1998 and Malpelo (3.64°C) in July 2015. A high correlation between SST and ONI in large part of study period, followed by a good correlation with PDO, was identified. The AO and SSTA have showed an inverse relationship in some periods. Solar Cycle has showed to be a modulator of behavior of SSTA in the selected stations. It was determined that extreme values of SST are related to the analyzed large scale oscillations.

scholarly journals Capture efficiency for small dominant mesozooplankters (Copepoda, Appendicularia) off Buenos Aires Province (34ºS-41ºS), Argentine Sea, using two plankton mesh sizes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Di Mauro ◽  
Fabiana Capitanio ◽  
María Delia Viñas
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Oikopleura Dioica ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Argentine Sea ◽  
Significant Difference

Two plankton mesh sizes of 67 µm and 220 µm were compared to evaluate their efficiency in the capture of the smallest copepods and appendicularians present in the Buenos Aires coastal area (Argentine Sea). A total of 12 copepod species and one appendicularian species were recorded in this study. The copepods were separated into 4 groups: harpacticoids, cyclopoids, small calanoids and large calanoids and their developmental stages. Among the cyclopoids, Oithona nana was the most abundant species, being 96.29 % underestimated by the 220 µm mesh, whereas Microsetella norvegica dominated the harpacticoids and was captured exclusively by the smaller mesh. Similar results were found for copepodites I-III of small calanoids, whose net sampled underestimation reached 99.70%. On the other hand, no significant difference between meshes was found for adults and copepodites IV-V of small calanoids or any of the developmental stages of large calanoids. A great loss of biomass was observed for O. nana when applying the larger mesh. In regards to the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, all size ranges below 1,000 µm length were better estimated by the 67 µm mesh in terms of abundance and biomass. Our results clearly show that the 67 µm mesh was more efficient in the capture of early stages of small copepods thus providing a more accurate estimation of the fish larvae prey field.

scholarly journals Ichthyoplankton metabarcoding as a tool for studying fish reproductive dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Teixeira ◽  
Heron Hilário ◽  
Gustavo Rosa ◽  
Guilherme Santos ◽  
Gilmar Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Primer Sets

The study of ichthyoplankton composition, abundance and distribution is paramount to understand the reproductive dynamics of local fish assemblages. The analysis of these parameters allows the identification of spawning sites, nursery areas and migration routes. However, due to the lack of characters in early life stages, the morphological identification of ichthyoplankton is often impractical and many studies identify only fish larvae. Additionally, its accuracy shows great variation between taxonomists and laboratories according to their experience and specialty. DNA barcoding emerged as an alternative to provide assertive identification of fish eggs and larvae, but it becomes too expensive and laborious when the study demands the processing of huge amounts of organisms. DNA metabarcoding can overcome these limitations as a rapid, cost-effective, broad and accurate taxonomy tool, allowing the identification of multiple individuals simultaneously. Here, we present the identification of a sample containing 68 fish eggs and another containing 293 fish larvae from a single site in the São Francisco River Basin, Eastern Brazil, through DNA metabarcoding. We used a low-cost saline DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification with three primer sets targeting the 12S rRNA gene: MiFish (~170bp), Teleo_1 (~60bp), and NeoFish (~190bp). The latter was recently developed by our research group specifically for the identification of Neotropical fishes. All the amplified samples were sequenced in a single multiplexed Illumina MiniSeq run. We performed the filtering steps and assigned Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) using a DADA2/Phyloseq based pipeline and a custom 12S reference sequence database including 101 species and 70 genera from the Jequitinhonha and São Francisco basins. The species Cyphocharax gilbert, Leporinus taeniatus, Megaleporinus elongatus, Prochilodus argenteus, P. costatus and Psalidodon fasciatus were detected by all three primer sets in the larva pool, while Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus was detected solely by NeoFish (Fig. 1). Within the egg pool, all three markers detected the species Characidium zebra, Curimatella lepidura, M. elongatus, Pimelodus fur and P. costatus, but Brycon orthotaenia was detected only by NeoFish, P. maculatus only by Teleo, and P. pohli by MiFish and Teleo (Fig. 1). The consistency in species detection among all three markers underpins the credibility of this method to accurately describe the sample composition. Considering that most of species were exclusive to the larvae or egg pool, our experiment highlights the importance of including the identification of fish eggs in reproduction studies, as it can provide additional information about which species are spawning in an area. Furthermore, the application of DNA metabarcoding to the study of ichthyoplankton can help decision makers create more informed guidelines for conservation of economically and ecologically important fish species.

Speciation of iron, copper and zinc in the Hawkesbury River

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Pik ◽  
JM Eckert ◽  
KL Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Hydrated Ions ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Iron Fraction

A combination of membrane filtration, ion exchange, coprecipitation and thin-film X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to obtain data on the chemical speciation of iron, copper and zinc in surface waters, ranging in salinity from 0 to 30Ym, of the Hawkesbury River, N.S.W. Iron, the principal trace metal, was found mainly (>90%) in the particulate form. The dissolved (filterable) iron fraction was largely non-ion- exchangeable (colloidal) in the freshwater region and ion-exchangeable in saline waters (as hydrated ions or metal complexes that dissociate on the chelating resin column). Copper and zinc, by contrast, were almost entirely filterable over the whole salinity range, copper being 50-100% in the non-ion-exchangeable fraction, and zinc, 70-100% ion-exchangeable.

Time-series modeling of fishery landings in the Colombian Pacific Ocean using an ARIMA model

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 101477
Author(s):  
John Josephraj Selvaraj ◽  
Viswanathan Arunachalam ◽  
Karold Viviana Coronado-Franco ◽  
Lizeth Viviana Romero-Orjuela ◽  
Yessica Natalia Ramírez-Yara
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
Colombian Pacific

scholarly journals Analysis of fish assemblages in sectors along a salinity gradient based on species, families and functional groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina dos Passos ◽  
Riguel Feltrin Contente ◽  
Felippe Veneziani Abbatepaulo ◽  
Henry Louis Spach ◽  
Ciro Colodetti Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Subtropical Estuaries ◽  
East West

Here we test the effects of the east-west salinity gradient in the subtropical Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex (PEC) on the structure of shallow water fish fauna, determined according to taxonomic (families and species) and functional composition metrics. A total of 152 species were observed. The families with the largest number of species were the Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Gobiidae. The most abundant species were Atherinella brasiliensis, Harengula clupeola, Anchoa januaria and Anchoa tricolor. Marine stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by marine migrants and estuarine species. Most species were zoobenthivores, followed by piscivores and zooplanktivores. Families and species more frequently associated with estuarine conditions dominated in the mesohaline sector, and those more frequently associated with marine conditions dominated in the euhaline sector. The fish assemblages along the estuarine salinity gradient were found to be better characterized by taxonomic metrics than by functional ones. This is most likely because individuals of all functional groups inhabit all salinity sectors, and thus these metrics are not useful for differentiating assemblages along salinity gradients. Our results differ from those of other studies in tropical and subtropical estuaries, which have emphasized the importance of functional groups in determining fish assemblages along salinity gradients.

Arthropod community structures of rice ecosystems in the Philippines

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Heong ◽  
G.B. Aquino ◽  
A.T. Barrion
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Cyrtorhinus Lividipennis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relative Differences

AbstractThe arthropod community associated with irrigated rice grown in five sites in Luzon Island, Philippines, was analysed using guild categories. Phytophages and predators were predominant in all sites. The phytophage species were mainly Homoptera and dominated by Nephotettix virescens (Distant), N. nigropictus (Stål) (Cicadellidae), and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Delphacidae). Predators were mainly Heteroptera with Microvelia douglasi atrolineata Bergoth (Veliidae), Mesovelia vittigera (Horváth) (Mesoveliidae), and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Miridae) as the most abundant species. Spiders were the next dominant group with Pardosa pseudoannulata (Böesenberg & Strand) and three species of Tetragnatha the most common. Differences in species diversity between the sites were easily differentiated using diversity indices. The relative differences in arthropod abundance, species richness and diversity may be attributed to the median temperatures, cropping patterns, and diversity in crop stages and germplasm in the sites. Predator-Homoptera correlations were significant in all cases. High positive correlations were obtained for veliids, spiders and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, in most sites.

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