More than local adaptation: high diversity of response to seawater acidification in seven coral species from the same assemblage in French Polynesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mathilde Godefroid ◽  
Robin Arçuby ◽  
Yann Lacube ◽  
Benoit Espiau ◽  
Sam Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Seawater Acidification ◽  
Acropora Hyacinthus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract Responses of corals to seawater acidification have been extensively studied. Sensitivity varies widely between species, highlighting the need to avoid extrapolation from one to another to get an accurate understanding of coral community responses. We tested the responses of seven coral species (Acropora cytherea, Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora pulchra, Leptastrea pruinosa, Montipora grisea, Pavona cactus, Pocillopora verrucosa) from the Mo'orea lagoon to a 48-day exposure to three pH scenarios (pH 7.95, 7.7 and 7.3). Tissue necrosis, mortality, growth rates, photophysiological performances and colour index were recorded. Few significant differences were noted between pH 7.95 and 7.7, but species-specific responses were observed at pH 7.3. While our data do not allow identification of the mechanisms behind this diversity in response between species inhabiting the same environment, it can exclude several hypotheses such as local adaptation, skeletal type, corallum morphology or calcification rate as sole factors determining coral sensitivity to pH.

scholarly journals An updated assessment of Symbiodinium that associate with common scleractinian corals from Moorea (French Polynesia) reveals high diversity among background symbionts and a novel finding of clade B.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Rouzé ◽  
Gaël J Lecellier ◽  
Denis Saulnier ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Yannick Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Diversity

The adaptative bleaching hypothesis (ABH) states that depending on the symbiotic flexibility of coral hosts (i.e., the ability of corals to “switch” or “shuffle” their algal symbionts), coral bleaching can lead to a change in the composition of their associated Symbiodinium community, and, thus, contribute to the coral’s overall survival. In order to determine the flexibility of corals, molecular tools are required to provide accurate species delineations, and to detect low levels of coral-associated Symbiodinium. Here, we used highly sensitive quantitative (real-time) PCR (qPCR) technology to analyse five common coral species from Moorea (French Polynesia), previously screened using only traditional conventional molecular methods, to assess the presence of low-abundance (background) Symbiodinium. Similar to other studies, each coral species exhibited a strong specificity to a particular clade, irrespective of the environment. In addition, however, each of the five species harboured at least one additional Symbiodinium clade, among clades A-D, at background levels. Unexpectedly, and for the first time in French Polynesia, clade B was detected as a coral symbiont. These results increase the number of known coral-Symbiodinium associations from corals found in French Polynesia, and likely indicate an underestimation of the ability of the corals in this region to associate with and/or “shuffle” different Symbiodinium clades. Altogether our data suggest that corals from French Polynesia may manage a trade-off between optimizing symbioses with a specific Symbiodinium clade(s), and maintaining associations with particular background clades that may play a role in the ability of corals to respond to environmental change.

scholarly journals The vermetid gastropod Dendropoma maximum reduces coral growth and survival

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Shima ◽  
Craig W. Osenberg ◽  
Adrian C. Stier
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Natural Reefs ◽  
Dendropoma Maximum

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse systems on the planet; yet, only a small fraction of coral reef species have attracted scientific study. Here, we document strong deleterious effects of an often overlooked species—the vermetid gastropod, Dendropoma maximum— on growth and survival of reef-building corals. Our surveys of vermetids on Moorea (French Polynesia) revealed a negative correlation between the density of vermetids and the per cent cover of live coral. Furthermore, the incidence of flattened coral growth forms was associated with the presence of vermetids. We transplanted and followed the fates of focal colonies of four species of corals on natural reefs where we also manipulated presence/absence of vermetids. Vermetids reduced skeletal growth of focal corals by up to 81 per cent and survival by up to 52 per cent. Susceptibility to vermetids varied among coral species, suggesting that vermetids could shift coral community composition. Our work highlights the potential importance of a poorly studied gastropod to coral dynamics.

scholarly journals An updated assessment ofSymbiodiniumspp. that associate with common scleractinian corals from Moorea (French Polynesia) reveals high diversity among background symbionts and a novel finding of clade B

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Rouzé ◽  
Gaël J. Lecellier ◽  
Denis Saulnier ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Yannick Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Diversity

The adaptative bleaching hypothesis (ABH) states that, depending on the symbiotic flexibility of coral hosts (i.e., the ability of corals to “switch” or “shuffle” their algal symbionts), coral bleaching can lead to a change in the composition of their associatedSymbiodiniumcommunity and, thus, contribute to the coral’s overall survival. In order to determine the flexibility of corals, molecular tools are required to provide accurate species delineations and to detect low levels of coral-associatedSymbiodinium. Here, we used highly sensitive quantitative (real-time) PCR (qPCR) technology to analyse five common coral species from Moorea (French Polynesia), previously screened using only traditional molecular methods, to assess the presence of low-abundance (background)Symbiodiniumspp. Similar to other studies, each coral species exhibited a strong specificity to a particular clade, irrespective of the environment. In addition, however, each of the five species harboured at least one additionalSymbiodiniumclade, among clades A–D, at background levels. Unexpectedly, and for the first time in French Polynesia, clade B was detected as a coral symbiont. These results increase the number of known coral-Symbiodiniumassociations from corals found in French Polynesia, and likely indicate an underestimation of the ability of the corals in this region to associate with and/or “shuffle” differentSymbiodiniumclades. Altogether our data suggest that corals from French Polynesia may favor a trade-off between optimizing symbioses with a specificSymbiodiniumclade(s), maintaining associations with particular background clades that may play a role in the ability of corals to respond to environmental change.

scholarly journals An updated assessment of Symbiodinium that associate with common scleractinian corals from Moorea (French Polynesia) reveals high diversity among background symbionts and a novel finding of clade B.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Rouzé ◽  
Gaël J Lecellier ◽  
Denis Saulnier ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Yannick Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Diversity

The adaptative bleaching hypothesis (ABH) states that depending on the symbiotic flexibility of coral hosts (i.e., the ability of corals to “switch” or “shuffle” their algal symbionts), coral bleaching can lead to a change in the composition of their associated Symbiodinium community, and, thus, contribute to the coral’s overall survival. In order to determine the flexibility of corals, molecular tools are required to provide accurate species delineations, and to detect low levels of coral-associated Symbiodinium. Here, we used highly sensitive quantitative (real-time) PCR (qPCR) technology to analyse five common coral species from Moorea (French Polynesia), previously screened using only traditional conventional molecular methods, to assess the presence of low-abundance (background) Symbiodinium. Similar to other studies, each coral species exhibited a strong specificity to a particular clade, irrespective of the environment. In addition, however, each of the five species harboured at least one additional Symbiodinium clade, among clades A-D, at background levels. Unexpectedly, and for the first time in French Polynesia, clade B was detected as a coral symbiont. These results increase the number of known coral-Symbiodinium associations from corals found in French Polynesia, and likely indicate an underestimation of the ability of the corals in this region to associate with and/or “shuffle” different Symbiodinium clades. Altogether our data suggest that corals from French Polynesia may manage a trade-off between optimizing symbioses with a specific Symbiodinium clade(s), and maintaining associations with particular background clades that may play a role in the ability of corals to respond to environmental change.

scholarly journals Nanopore amplicon sequencing reveals molecular convergence and local adaptation of opsin genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Eaton ◽  
Moisés A. Bernal ◽  
Nathan J.C. Backenstose ◽  
Trevor J. Krabbenhoft
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractLocal adaptation can drive diversification of closely related species across environmental gradients and promote convergence of distantly related taxa that experience similar conditions. We examined a potential case of adaptation to novel visual environments in a species flock (Great Lakes salmonids, genus Coregonus) using a new amplicon genotyping protocol on the Oxford Nanopore Flongle. Five visual opsin genes were amplified for individuals of C. artedi, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, and C. zenithicus. Comparisons revealed species-specific differences in the coding sequence of rhodopsin (Tyr261Phe substitution), suggesting local adaptation by C. kiyi to the blue-shifted depths of Lake Superior. Parallel evolution and “toggling” at this amino acid residue has occurred several times across the fish tree of life, resulting in identical changes to the visual systems of distantly related taxa across replicated environmental gradients. Our results suggest that ecological differences and local adaptation to distinct visual environments are strong drivers of both evolutionary parallelism and diversification.

scholarly journals The Role of Plasticity and Adaptation in the Incipient Speciation of a Fire Salamander Population

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Joana Sabino-Pinto ◽  
Daniel J. Goedbloed ◽  
Eugenia Sanchez ◽  
Till Czypionka ◽  
Arne W. Nolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Reciprocal Transfer ◽  
High Degree

Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation via genetic change are two major mechanisms of response to dynamic environmental conditions. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, since genetic change can establish similar phenotypes to plasticity. This connection between both mechanisms raises the question of how much of the variation observed between species or populations is plastic and how much of it is genetic. In this study, we used a structured population of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra), in which two subpopulations differ in terms of physiology, genetics, mate-, and habitat preferences. Our goal was to identify candidate genes for differential habitat adaptation in this system, and to explore the degree of plasticity compared to local adaptation. We therefore performed a reciprocal transfer experiment of stream- and pond-originated salamander larvae and analyzed changes in morphology and transcriptomic profile (using species-specific microarrays). We observed that stream- and pond-originated individuals diverge in morphology and gene expression. For instance, pond-originated larvae have larger gills, likely to cope with oxygen-poor ponds. When transferred to streams, pond-originated larvae showed a high degree of plasticity, resembling the morphology and gene expression of stream-originated larvae (reversion); however the same was not found for stream-originated larvae when transferred to ponds, where the expression of genes related to reduction-oxidation processes was increased, possibly to cope with environmental stress. The lack of symmetrical responses between transplanted animals highlights the fact that the adaptations are not fully plastic and that some level of local adaptation has already occurred in this population. This study illuminates the process by which phenotypic plasticity allows local adaptation to new environments and its potential role in the pathway of incipient speciation.

scholarly journals Glycosylation at an evolutionary nexus: the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi expresses both vertebrate and invertebrate N-glycomic features

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (10) ◽  
pp. 3173-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Eckmair ◽  
Chunsheng Jin ◽  
Niclas G. Karlsson ◽  
Daniel Abed-Navandi ◽  
Iain B. H. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Oligosaccharide Structures ◽  
High Diversity

Echinoderms are among the most primitive deuterostomes and have been used as model organisms to understand chordate biology because of their close evolutionary relationship to this phylogenetic group. However, there are almost no data available regarding the N-glycomic capacity of echinoderms, which are otherwise known to produce a diverse set of species-specific glycoconjugates, including ones heavily modified by fucose, sulfate, and sialic acid residues. To increase the knowledge of diversity of carbohydrate structures within this phylum, here we conducted an in-depth analysis of N-glycans from a brittle star (Ophiactis savignyi) as an example member of the class Ophiuroidea. To this end, we performed a multi-step N-glycan analysis by HPLC and various exoglyosidase and chemical treatments in combination with MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS. Using this approach, we found a wealth of hybrid and complex oligosaccharide structures reminiscent of those in higher vertebrates as well as some classical invertebrate glycan structures. 70% of these N-glycans were anionic, carrying either sialic acid, sulfate, or phosphate residues. In terms of glycophylogeny, our data position the brittle star between invertebrates and vertebrates and confirm the high diversity of N-glycosylation in lower organisms.

scholarly journals High p CO 2 promotes coral primary production

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 20180777 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Biscéré ◽  
M. Zampighi ◽  
A. Lorrain ◽  
S. Jurriaans ◽  
A. Foggo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

While research on ocean acidification (OA) impacts on coral reefs has focused on calcification, relatively little is known about effects on coral photosynthesis and respiration, despite these being among the most plastic metabolic processes corals may use to acclimatize to adverse conditions. Here, we present data collected between 2016 and 2018 at three natural CO 2 seeps in Papua New Guinea where we measured the metabolic flexibility (i.e. in hospite photosynthesis and dark respiration) of 12 coral species. Despite some species-specific variability, metabolic rates as measured by net oxygen flux tended to be higher at high p CO 2 ( ca 1200 µatm), with increases in photosynthesis exceeding those of respiration, suggesting greater productivity of Symbiodiniaceae photosynthesis in hospite , and indicating the potential for metabolic flexibility that may enable these species to thrive in environments with high p CO 2 . However, laboratory and field observations of coral mortality under high CO 2 conditions associated with coral bleaching suggests that this metabolic subsidy does not result in coral higher resistance to extreme thermal stress. Therefore, the combined effects of OA and global warming may lead to a strong decrease in coral diversity despite the stimulating effect on coral productivity of OA alone.

High diversity in the Pseudechiniscus suillus–facettalis complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) with remarks on the morphology of the genus Pseudechiniscus

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Grobys ◽  
Milena Roszkowska ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Hanna Kmita ◽  
Andrzej Kepel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
General Appearance

Abstract Pseudechiniscus is a morphologically homogeneous genus of tardigrades. The morphological features commonly used for species discrimination in this genus are the dorsal sculpture, the shape and number of dorsal plates and trunk appendages. Species of the Pseudechiniscus suillus–facettalis complex are one of the most challenging tardigrades to identify. All species are similar in their general appearance and all lack trunk appendages. Moreover, not only the nominal Pseudechiniscus suillus, but also other members of the suillus–facettalis complex have been insufficiently described. In our study, we examined several populations from the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres that could be traditionally attributed to Pse. suillus. These populations were analysed using integrative taxonomy – a combination of classical morphology and morphometry with molecular data. Besides the differences in the dorsal sculpture and morphometry, we also found species-specific differences in ventral sculpture, which were originally used for discrimination of Pseudechiniscus species. Moreover, we provide an extensive discussion on all morphological and morphometric differences used in Pseudechiniscus taxonomy and indicate main taxonomic problems with this genus. Finally, we redescribe the nominal Pse. suillus from Italy.

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