Research Facilities in Iran

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Rouhollah K. Ramazani
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Facilities

The appearance of new research facilities, as the spread of the very notion of modern research, is a recent development in Iranian society. In contrast with the social sciences and humanities, the physical sciences probably can show more extensive research facilities, as evidenced by the visible array of modern facilities ranging from spectrophotometers, chromatographic units, polarizing microscopes to electronic microscopes in addition to a growing number of libraries and laboratories. This article, however, is not concerned with research facilities in the physical sciences, even if some of these are of indirect interest to researchers in the social sciences. Nor will this article treat certain other facilities which may be of more direct interest to some social scientists, such as industrial research laboratories and standard testing laboratories. The scope of this article is limited to research facilities in the social sciences and humanities, but even in this limited area it is merely a preliminary study. This article will attempt (1) to identify the major research facilities in the social sciences and humanities; (2) to indicate broadly the overall research atmosphere in Iran today; and (3) to note a few practical points, hopefully useful to interested researchers.

scholarly journals Historicizing Precarious Work: Forty Years of Research in the Social Sciences and Humanities

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Betti
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sciences Sociales

AbstractThis survey article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the concepts of precarious work and precarization in the history of industrial capitalism by addressing the debate in the social sciences and humanities over the past forty years. Based on a gendered global approach, this article aims to offer a critique of the Global North-centric perspective, which largely conceives precarious work as a new phenomenon lacking a longer historical tradition. The first part discusses the multiple origins, definitions, and conceptualizations of “precarious work” elaborated with regard to industrial as well as post-industrial capitalism, taking into account selected contemporary sources as well as studies conducted by historians and social scientists. In the second part, the influence of different approaches, such as the feminist and post-colonial ones, in globalizing and gendering the precarious work debate is examined in their historical contexts, exploring also the crucial nexus of precarious work and informal work. In the conclusion, the limitations of the available literature are discussed, along with suggestions for further directions in historicizing precarious work from a global perspective.TRANSLATED ABSTRACTS FRENCH – GERMAN – SPANISHEloisa Betti.En historicisant le travail précaire: quarante ans de recherche dans les sciences sociales et humaines.Cette enquête tente de contribuer à la compréhension des concepts de travail précaire et de précarisation dans l’histoire du capitalisme industriel, en examinant le débat dans les sciences sociales et humaines durant les quarante dernières années. Sur la base d’une approche globale de genre, l’article entend proposer une critique de la perspective globale nordique, qui conçoit en grande partie le travail précaire comme un nouveau phénomène dépourvu d’une assez longue tradition historique. La première partie examine les multiples origines, définitions et conceptualisations du “travail précaire” élaborées à propos du capitalisme industriel et post-industriel, en tenant compte de sources contemporaines sélectionnées et d’études conduites par des historiens et spécialistes des sciences sociales. Dans la seconde partie, l’influence de diverses approches, telles que les approches féministes et post-coloniales, mondialisant et générisant le débat sur le travail précaire, sont examinées dans leur contexte historique, tout en étudiant également le lien crucial du travail précaire et du travail informel. En conclusion, les limitations de la littérature disponible sont examinées et assorties de suggestions d’orientations ultérieures pour historiciser le travail précaire dans une perspective globale.Traduction:Christine Plard

Research Facilities in Turkey

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Frank Tachau
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Research Facilities

In a report on the climate for social science research in Turkey published some seven years ago, Edwin J. Cohn noted that there had been a considerable intensification of interest and activity in the social sciences in Turkey, spurred both by the training of Turkish social scientists and by the increased interest of European and American scholars in Turkish experience with rapid social, economic, and political change. At the same time, Cohn reported, “the climate for research, especially research by Americans, has deteriorated…” This assessment remains basically accurate. Of course, in the intervening years, there have been further developments. Two in particular will be dealt with here: continued increase in institutions, facilities, and trained personnel on the Turkish side; and greater formalization of official rules governing the conduct of research by foreigners.

scholarly journals Investigating disagreement in the scientific literature

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout S Lamers ◽  
Kevin Boyack ◽  
Vincent Larivière ◽  
Cassidy R Sugimoto ◽  
Nees Jan van Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social

Disagreement is essential to scientific progress but the extent of disagreement in science, its evolution over time, and the fields in which it happens remain poorly understood. Here we report the development of an approach based on cue phrases that can identify instances of disagreement in scientific articles. These instances are sentences in an article that cite other articles. Applying this approach to a collection of more than four million English-language articles published between 2000 and 2015 period, we determine the level of disagreement in five broad fields within the scientific literature (biomedical and health sciences; life and earth sciences; mathematics and computer science; physical sciences and engineering; and social sciences and humanities) and 817 meso-level fields. Overall, the level of disagreement is highest in the social sciences and humanities, and lowest in mathematics and computer science. However, there is considerable heterogeneity across the meso-level fields, revealing the importance of local disciplinary cultures and the epistemic characteristics of disagreement. Analysis at the level of individual articles reveals notable episodes of disagreement in science, and illustrates how methodological artifacts can confound analyses of scientific texts.

scholarly journals Metaphors and social science

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
History Of

The social sciences have a considerable history of attempts to apply models and theories from the physical sciences. All such attempts have failed, primarily because social scientists have commonly not distinguished between applications and possibly useful metaphors.Attempts to apply non-linear mathematics to social concerns will similarly fail. There are now no non-trivial applications, and there are unlikely ever to be.But the phenomenon of reifying models and theories from elsewhere has long standing status in the social sciences, and DDNS can play an important role in monitoring those attempts.

scholarly journals How to make an omelette: A sensory experiment in team ethnography

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-648
Author(s):  
Anna Harris ◽  
Andrea Wojcik ◽  
Rachel Vaden Allison
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Studies

Sensory ethnographers deploy methods such as drawing, video and photography in order to examine the more ineffable and non-representational aspects of practices. Usually, these studies are conducted by individual researchers who deal only with their own material. What happens when a team of ethnographers explores questions of a sensory or non-representational nature? How do they share their findings not only with their audiences, but also with each other? Team ethnography is becoming increasingly common across the social sciences and humanities, yet to date there has been little attention paid to the important work of communicating findings within a group. To explore this further, we conducted a methodological ‘proof of concept’ study, observing and documenting people learning to make omelettes. We found that sensory methods have a role not only in studying practices but crucially, in also facilitating a form of immersion into the ethnographic practices and imaginations of others within the team. In the end, we suggest that experiments with sensory methods, such as through proof of concept methodological studies, are useful for thinking about how teams of social scientists work together, whether their research deals with sensory topics or not.

Mobility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Merriman ◽  
Rhys Jones ◽  
Tim Cresswell ◽  
Colin Divall ◽  
Gijs Mom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
New Research

This article is an edited transcript of a panel discussion on “mobility studies“ which was held as part of a workshop on mobility and community at Aberystwyth University on September 3, 2012. In the article the five panelists reflect upon the recent resurgence of research on mobility in the social sciences and humanities, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary debates, and the ways in which established fields such as transport history, migration studies, and sociology are being reshaped by new research agendas. The panelists discuss the importance of engaging with issues of politics, justice, equality, global capital, secrecy, and representation, and they encourage researchers to focus on non-Western and non-hegemonic mobilities, as well as to produce “useable“ studies which engage policy-makers.

The construction of icons as a means of access to the social representation of culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Galli ◽  
Roberto Fasanelli ◽  
Emanuele Schember
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Production ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study is to identify the structural elements—and their interrelations—of social representations of culture, circulating among university students. This approach has been employed by many researchers to provide a first level of exploration in terms of descriptions, evaluations, information, and prototypes related to the object of representation. The aim is also to explore if these social representations are different, starting from specific variables, mainly data production context and gender. The sample is made of 620 students (average age of 22) balanced on gender and discipline (physical sciences and engineering, social sciences and humanities, life sciences). We chose a quali-quantitative approach using an ad hoc questionnaire based on the Prototypical Stimuli. In particular, we asked the participants to choose from 18 social constructed (in a pilot study) icons of culture, the five prototypical ones. Then we asked them to write an explanation on the choice of each icon they selected and in the end to classify those icons in order of importance. The collected data were analyzed using the Hierarchical Evocations Technique. Results show the existence of hegemonic representations of culture, shared by all the participants. The theoretical and methodological implications will be presented and discussed.

Women break down the barriers to the Vietnamese social sciences and humanities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Valian rightly made a case for better recognition of women in science during the Nobel week in October 2018 (Valian, 2018). However, it seems most published views about gender inequality in Nature focused on the West. This correspondence shifts the focus to women in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

ISLAMIC SOCIAL SCIENCES

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Abul Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Human Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Culture Brokers

The need for a relevant and instrumental body of knowledge that can secure the taskof historical reconstruction in Muslim societies originally inspired the da’wa for the Islamizationof knowledge. The immediate targets for this da’wa were the social sciences for obvious reasons.Their field directly impinges on the organization of human societies and as such carries intothe area of human value and belief systems. The fact that such a body of knowledge alreadyexisted and that the norms for its disciplined pursuit were assumed in the dominant practiceconfronted Muslim scholars with the context for addressing the issues at stake. How relevantwas current social science to Muslim needs and aspirations? Could it, in its present formand emphasis, provide Muslims with the framework for operationalizing their values in theirhistorical present? How instrumental is it in shaping the social foundations vital for the Muslimfuture? Is instrumentality the only criteria for such evaluations? In seeking to answer thesequestions the seeds are sown for a new orientation in the social sciences. This orientationrepresents the legitimate claims and aspirations of a long silent/silenced world culture.In locating the activities of Muslim social scientists today it is important to distinguishbetween two currents. The first is in its formative stages as it sets out to rediscover the worldfrom the perspective of a recovered sense of identity and in terms of its renewed culturalaffinities. Its preoccupations are those of the Muslim revival. The other current is constitutedof the remnants of an earlier generation of modernizers who still retain a faith in the universalityof Western values. Demoralized by the revival, as much as by their own cultural alientation,they seek to deploy their reserves of scholarship and logistics to recover lost ground. Bymodifying their strategy and revalorizing the legacy they hope that, as culture-brokers, theymight be more effective where others have failed. They seek to pre-empt the cultural revivalby appropriating its symbols and reinterpreting the Islamic legacy to make it more tractableto modernity. They blame Orientalism for its inherent fixations and strive to redress its selfimposedlimitations. Their efforts may frequently intersect with those of the Islamizing current,but should clearly not be confused with them. For all the tireless ingenuity, these effortsare more conspicuous for their industry than for their originality. Between the new breadof renovationists and the old guard of ‘modernizers’, the future of an Islamic Social Scienceclearly lies with the efforts of the former.Within the Islamizing current it is possible to distinguish three principal trends. The firstopts for a radical perspective and takes its stand on epistemological grounds. It questionsthe compatibility of the current social sciences on account of their rootedness in the paradigmof the European Enlightenment and its attendant naturalistic and positivist biases. Consistencedemands a concerted e€fort to generate alternative paradigms for a new social science fromIslamic epistemologies. In contrast, the second trend opts for a more pragmatic approachwhich assumes that it is possible to interact within the existing framework of the disciplinesafter adapting them to Islamic values. The problem with modern sciene is ethical, notepistemological, and by recasting it accordingly, it is possible to benefit from its strengthsand curtail its derogatory consequences. The third trend focuses on the Muslim scholar, rather ...

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