Maratha History as Polemic: Low Caste Ideology and Political Debate in Late Nineteenth-Century Western India

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth

A striking feature of Marathi vernacular literature towards the end of the nineteenth century lies in the sudden surge of interest in the Maratha warrior hero, Sivaji, and his feats of leadership in the great expansions of Maratha power that took place in the seventeenth century. Of all the work on Sivaji written at this time, the most familiar is probably Mahadev Govind Ranade's Rise of the Maratha Power, published in 1900, in English. Besides this, there appeared in the last three decades of the century an unusually large number of Marathi works celebrating Sivaji's exploits.

Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Constable
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Church

This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious thought in nineteenth-century western India. Previous missionary historiography has tended to focus substantially on the emergence of Scottish evangelical missionary activity in India in the early nineteenth century and most notably on Alexander Duff (1806–78). Relatively little has been written on Scottish Presbyterian missions in India in the later nineteenth century, and even less on the significance of their missionary thought to a Scottish sense of Indian empire. Through an analysis of Scottish Presbyterian missionary critiques in both vernacular Marathi and English, this article outlines the orientalist engagement of Scottish Presbyterian missionary thought with late nineteenth-century popular Hinduism. In conclusion this article demonstrates how this intellectual engagement contributed to and helped define a Scottish missionary sense of empire in India.

TRANSFORMING THE CHARACTER OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
KRISTAN COCKERILL
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
River Management ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Upper Mississippi River ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Despite the long-understood variability in the Mississippi River, the upper portions of the river have historically received less attention than the lower reach and this culminated in the lower river dominating twentieth century river management efforts. Since the seventeenth century, there have been multiple tendencies in how the upper river was characterized, including relatively spare notes about basic conditions such as channel width and flow rates which shifted to an emphasis on romantic descriptions of the riparian scenery by the mid-nineteenth century. Finally, by the late nineteenth century the upper river was routinely portrayed as a flawed entity requiring human intervention to fix it. While the tone and specific language changed over time, there remained a consistent emphasis that whatever was being reported about the river was scientifically accurate.

Chapter 8 The End of the Northern Fishery in the Late Nineteenth Century

2004 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Gordon Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technical Advance ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Marking Time ◽  
Modern Industry

With the run-down of both Northern and Southern fisheries, the second half of the nineteenth century experienced the same sort of marking-time as had occurred in the late seventeenth century. As a consequence the period is relatively unimportant compared with the great exertions before 1840 and the vast expansion after 1900, and it is only necessary here to outline the main lines of development. None of them led on to the modern industry, and important though British whaling may have been to individual persons and places, it had already departed from the mainstream of whaling and was sailing up a backwater as dangerous and ruinous as any in Baffin Bay. No amount of incentive, capital investment, technical advance or human bravery could save the Arctic trade, but it fought its painful death-struggle for three-quarters of a century, periodically encouraged by remissions that eased the pressure and sometimes brought a measure of prosperity....

Theosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Wakoff
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Material Bodies

Etymologically, ‘theosophy’ means wisdom concerning God or divine things, from the Greek ‘theos’ (God) and ‘sophia’ (wisdom). Seventeenth-century philosophers and speculative mystics used ‘theosophy’ to refer to a knowledge of nature based on mystical, symbolical or intuitive knowledge of the divine nature and its manifestations. It referred also to an analogical knowledge of God’s nature obtained by deciphering correspondences between the macrocosm and God. In the late nineteenth century, ‘theosophy’ became associated with the doctrines of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, the founder of the popular Theosophical Society. She drew on Buddhist and Hindu philosophy and fragments from the Western esoteric tradition, especially Neoplatonism. She espoused an absolutist metaphysics in which there is a single, ultimate, eternal principle which remains unchanged and undiminished, despite manifesting itself partially in the periodic emanation and reabsorption of universes. Her cosmology included a spiritual account of the evolution of material bodies, which serve as the necessary vehicles by which individuals gradually perfect themselves through cyclic rebirth.

The Stained Glass at Chavenage House, Tetbury, Gloucestershire

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 391-432
Author(s):  
Hilary Wayment
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Historic House ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Coats Of Arms

The windows of the Great Hall, the Chapel, the Porch, the Priest's Chamber and ‘Queen Anne's Bedroom’ are all garnished with stained glass – figures, roundels, coats of arms, and interesting fragments from a variety of sources English and Continental, and of all centuries from the fifteenth to the twentieth. The most striking are perhaps the four Oxford scholars in the Great Hall, wearing their medical gowns, with the seventeenth-century arms of the Due de Guise below; the three medieval Flemish roundels in Queen Anne's Room; and in the Chapel the Virtues inspired by Reynolds’ designs for New College, Oxford, alongside a late nineteenth-century Crucifixion, no doubt by C.E. Kempe & Co. The collection as a whole is fully worthy of a fine historic house.

‘Heroism displayed’: revisiting the Franklin Gallery at the Royal Naval Exhibition, 1891

Polar Record ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huw W.G. Lewis-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Juvenile Literature ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Royal Naval Exhibition (RNE) of 1891 offers an important entry point for the study of naval mythmaking. Scrutinising one part of the RNE showcase, ‘The Franklin Gallery,’ highlights the imaginative potential of the polar regions as a resource for imperial visions. This paper provides a review of the RNE and, more closely, considers the ideology of polar exploration in the context of political debate and naval reforms. The utility of images of the Arctic presented at the RNE is discussed, in particular, its role in displaying the ‘heroic martyrdom’ of Sir John Franklin (1786–1847). The paper draws upon an extensive study of late nineteenth-century newspapers, illustrated weeklies, periodical reviews, popular adult and juvenile literature, art, poetry, pamphlets, exhibition catalogues and handbooks, and associated ephemera. It argues that the RNE played a central part in the construction and enshrining of narratives of naval and national achievement in the late-Victorian period and in reviving a British commitment to the exploration of the polar regions.

Courting Legitimacy or Delegitimizing Custom? Sexuality, Sambandham, and Marriage Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century Malabar

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRAVEENA KODOTH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Marriage Reform

At an interview which Della Vella [seventeenth century] had with the Zamorin, [the Samudiri or the ruler of Calicut] there were present two little princesses of the Royal house aged 12 years each; and of them he says, ‘they were all naked (as I said above the women generally go) saving that they had a very small blue cloth wrapped about their immodesties. One of them being more forward could not contain, but approaching gently towards me, almost touched the sleeve of my coat with her hand, made a sign of wonder to her sister, how could we go so wrapped up and entangled in clothes. Such is the power of custom that their going naked seemed no more strange to us, than our being clothed appeared extravagant to them.’K. P. Padmanabha Menon

Reforming the Priests of Manipe: Reflections on the “Buddhist Modernist Monk” in Euro-America

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-232
Author(s):  
Laura Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Open Framework ◽  
Buddhist Modernism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Moral Ambivalence ◽  
American Thought

From the late nineteenth century onwards, Asian Buddhist monks have been associated in American thought with science, rationality and anti-colonialism. Though the narrative of nineteenth century ‘Buddhist Modernism’ is routinely invoked to explain this, a more illuminating genealogy of this ‘modernist monasticism’ identifies deeper roots in anti-Catholicism. This paper explores these roots through a genealogy of the Buddhist Modernist Monk. Beginning with the seventeenth century travel journals of Jesuit missionaries, it winds its way through varied British rhetorics to nineteenth century Sri Lanka, and ends in Chicago, at the World’s Parliament of Religion of 1893. There, these intertwined discourses coalesced in the form of the Buddhist Modernist Monk: a figure now familiar and beloved in American culture as an embodiment of compassion and rationality, yet with a history of prejudice and politics that has yet to be meaningfully explored. As we acknowledge anti-Catholicism’s centrality to the history of the Modernist Monk, we are necessarily reminded of the moral ambivalence of the ‘science-religion’ dichotomy that fuels his mystique. At minimum, future analyses must critique the presumption of such supra-historical binaries, and deploy an open framework attentive to the contradictions and relations of reciprocal determination that characterize his genealogy.

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