Commercial infant foods in the UK: macro-nutrient content and composition

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence for a significant effect of processed meat (PM) intake on cancer risk. However, refined knowledge on how components of this heterogeneous food group are associated with cancer risk is still missing. Here, actual data on the intake of PM subcategories is given; within a food-based approach we considered preservation methods, cooking methods and nutrient content for stratification, in order to address most of the aetiologically relevant hypotheses.Design and settingStandardised computerised 24-hour diet recall interviews were collected within the framework of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study in 27 centres across 10 European countries.SubjectsSubjects were 22 924 women and 13 031 men aged 35–74 years.ResultsExcept for the so-called ‘health-conscious’ cohort in the UK, energy-adjusted total PM intake ranged between 11.1 and 47.9 g day−1 in women and 18.8 and 88.5 g day−1 in men. Ham, salami-type sausages and heated sausages contributed most to the overall PM intake. The intake of cured (addition of nitrate/nitrite) PM was highest in the German, Dutch and northern European EPIC centres, with up to 68.8 g day−1 in men. The same was true for smoked PM (up to 51.8 g day−1). However, due to the different manufacturing practice, the highest average intake of NaNO2 through PM consumption was found for the Spanish centres (5.4 mg day−1 in men) as compared with German and British centres. Spanish centres also showed the highest intake of NaCl-rich types of PM; most cholesterol- and iron-rich PM was consumed in central and northern European centres. Possibly hazardous cooking methods were more often used for PM preparation in central and northern European centres.ConclusionsWe applied a food-based categorisation of PM that addresses aetiologically relevant mechanisms for cancer development and found distinct differences in dietary intake of these categories of PM across European cohorts. This predisposes EPIC to further investigate the role of PM in cancer aetiology.

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Food at checkouts in non-food stores: a cross-sectional study of a large indoor shopping mall

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 2786-2793 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

James Wright ◽

Erin Kamp ◽

Martin White ◽

Jean Adams ◽

Sarah Sowden

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Content ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Shopping Mall ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Price Promotions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Stores ◽

Child Height ◽

The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the display of food at non-food store checkouts; and to classify foods by type and nutrient content, presence of price promotions and whether food was at child height.DesignCross-sectional survey of checkout displays at non-food stores. Foods were classified as ‘less healthy’ or healthier using the UK Food Standards Agency’s Nutrient Profile Model. Written price promotions were recorded. Child height was defined as the sight line of an 11-year-old approximated from UK growth charts.SettingA large indoor shopping mall, Gateshead, UK, February–March 2014.SubjectsTwo hundred and five out of 219 non-food stores in the shopping mall directory which were open for trading.ResultsThirty-two (15·6 %) of 205 non-food stores displayed food at the checkout. All displayed less healthy foods, and fourteen (43·8 %) had healthier foods. Overall, 5911 checkout foods were identified. Of these, 4763 (80·6 %) were ‘less healthy’. No fruits, vegetables, nuts or seeds were found. Of 4763 less healthy foods displayed, 195 (4·1 %) were subject to price promotions, compared with twelve of 1148 (1·0 %) healthier foods (χ2(df=1)=25·4, P<0·0001). There was no difference in the proportion of less healthy (95·1 %) and healthier (96·2 %) foods displayed at child height.ConclusionsAlmost one-sixth of non-food stores displayed checkout food, the majority of which was ‘less healthy’ and displayed at child height. Less healthy food was more likely to be subject to a written price promotion than healthier food. Further research into the drivers and consequences of checkout food in non-food stores is needed. Public health regulation may be warranted.

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A comparison of hay and strawmix as forages for preweaned calves

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600019358 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 155-155

Author(s):

R. Njei ◽

C.J.C. Phillips ◽

L. Weiguo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

High Nutrient ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Forage Intake ◽

The Uk ◽

High Forage ◽

Cattle Farms

Hay is an increasingly scarce commodity on cattle farms in the UK, due to the transition to silage in recent years. However it is generally preferred by farmers for feeding to calves because it is easy to transport and to feed in small quantities without rapid deterioration. A commonly used alternative is straw, and the voluntary consumption is as high as hay (Kang and Leibholz, 1973), but the DM digestibility is low and high levels of straw in the diet depress empty body weight gain (Thomas and Hinks, 1982). Mixing straw with palatable feeds of high nutrient content, such as molasses, has been shown to increase its feeding value to that of silage for older cattle (Phillips and Leaver, 1985), and could increase the forage intakes of young calves, where palatability is important in determining intake. Maintaining a high forage intake could also reduce the incidence of deleterious oral behaviours, such as licking the pen.

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An investigation into the fatty acid content of selected fish-based commercial infant foods in the UK and the impact of commonly practiced re-heating treatments used by parents for the preparation of infant formula milks

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 783-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Emma Loughrill ◽

Nazanin Zand

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Infant Foods ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

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Vitamins A and E content of commercial infant foods in the UK: A cause for concern?

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 56-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emma Loughrill ◽

Pesila Govinden ◽

Nazanin Zand

Keyword(s):

Infant Foods ◽

The Uk

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The effectiveness of self-regulation in limiting the advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children’s preferred websites in Canada

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017004177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1608-1617 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Monique Potvin Kent ◽

Elise Pauzé

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Pan American ◽

Advertising Exposure ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of the self-regulatory Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) in limiting advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children’s preferred websites in Canada.Design/Setting/SubjectsSyndicated Internet advertising exposure data were used to identify the ten most popular websites for children (aged 2–11 years) and determine the frequency of food/beverage banner and pop-up ads on these websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Nutrition information for advertised products was collected and their nutrient content per 100 g was calculated. Nutritional quality of all food/beverage ads was assessed using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and UK Nutrient Profile Models (NPM). Nutritional quality of CAI and non-CAI company ads was compared usingχ2analyses and independentttests.ResultsAbout 54 million food/beverage ads were viewed on children’s preferred websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Most (93·4 %) product ads were categorized as excessive in fat, Na or free sugars as per the PAHO NPM and 73·8 % were deemed less healthy according to the UK NPM. CAI-company ads were 2·2 times more likely (OR; 99 % CI) to be excessive in at least one nutrient (2·2; 2·1, 2·2,P<0·001) and 2·5 times more likely to be deemed less healthy (2·5; 2·5, 2·5,P<0·001) than non-CAI ads. On average, CAI-company product ads also contained (mean difference; 99 % CI) more energy (141; 141·1, 141·4 kcal,P<0·001,r=0·55), sugar (18·2; 18·2, 18·2 g,P<0·001,r=0·68) and Na (70·0; 69·7, 70·0 mg,P<0·001,r=0·23) per 100 g serving than non-CAI ads.ConclusionsThe CAI is not limiting unhealthy food and beverage advertising on children’s preferred websites in Canada. Mandatory regulations are needed.

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Essential and trace elements content of commercial infant foods in the UK

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Nazanin Zand ◽

Babur Z. Chowdhry ◽

Francis B. Zotor ◽

David S. Wray ◽

Paul Amuna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Infant Foods ◽

The Uk ◽

Essential And Trace Elements

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Nutrient Content in Yoghurt: A Comprehensive Survey of the UK Yoghurt Market in Advance of Government Mandated Sugar Reduction and Reformulation

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665117003561 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (OCE4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Horti ◽

B.A. Fielding ◽

J.B. Moore

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Content ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Sugar Reduction ◽

The Uk

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Can nutrient profiling help to identify foods which diet variety should be encouraged? Results from the Whitehall II cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451500094x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (11) ◽

pp. 1800-1809 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gabriel Masset ◽

Peter Scarborough ◽

Mike Rayner ◽

Gita Mishra ◽

Eric J. Brunner

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Nutrient Profiling ◽

Diet Variety ◽

Total Food ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Food Variety ◽

The Uk

Higher variety of recommended foods, identified arbitrarily based on dietary guidelines, has been associated with better health status. Nutrient profiling is designed to identify objectively, based on nutrient content, healthier foods whose consumption should be encouraged. The objective was to assess the prospective associations between total food variety (food variety score, FVS) and variety from selected recommended and non-recommended foods (RFV and NRFV, respectively) and risk of chronic disease and mortality. In 1991–3, 7251 participants of the Whitehall II study completed a 127-item FFQ. The FVS was defined as the number of foods consumed more than once a week. (N)RFV(Ofcom) and (N)RFV(SAIN,LIM) were similarly derived selecting healthier (or less healthier) foods as defined by the UK Ofcom and French SAIN,LIM nutrient profile models, respectively. Multi-adjusted Cox regressions were fitted with incident CHD, diabetes, CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality (318, 754, 137, 251 and 524 events, respectively – median follow-up time 17 years). RFV and NRFV scores were mutually adjusted. The FVS (fourthv.first quartile) was associated with a 39 and 26 % reduction of prospective CHD and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. The RFV(Ofcom) (thirdv.first quartile) was associated with a 27 and 35 % reduction of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality risk, respectively; similar associations were suggested, but not significant for the RFV(SAIN,LIM). No prospective associations were observed with NRFV scores. The results strengthen the rationale to promote total food variety and variety from healthy foods. Nutrient profiling can help in identifying those foods whose consumption should be encouraged.

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