Associations between consumption of ready to eat cereal and nutrient intake in the United Kingdom

AbstractIntroductionReady to eat cereal (RTEC) is a nutrient dense food in a typical western diet. Studies have reported better nutrient intake associated with RTEC consumption in other countries, however, little is known in the United Kingdom. The objective of the study was to examine consumption patterns of RTEC and to investigate associations between RTEC consumption and nutrient intake in a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom.Materials and MethodsChildren aged 1.5–18 years old (N = 2564) and adults aged 19 years or older (N = 2705) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2012/13–2015/16 were included in the study. The average of four-day food diary data was used for analysis. RTEC included all food items from the high fiber breakfast cereals and other breakfast cereals, excluding porridge and instant hot oat cereals. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters if they reported consumption of RTEC at least once during the four days. Percentage contribution of RTEC to daily intake of nutrients in RTEC eaters was calculated. Differences in energy and nutrient intake between RTEC eaters and non-eaters were compared using multiple linear regression analyses for surveys, adjusting for age, gender, and equivalized income level. Energy intake was also included as a covariate in the analyses of nutrients intake.ResultsAbout 75% of children were RTEC eaters, whereas 52% of adults reported RTEC consumption. Their daily intake of RTEC were 35.1 g and 42.8 g, respectively. RTEC is a critical source of several key vitamins and minerals. For example, RTEC contributed to over 20% of daily intake of iron, folate, vitamin D, riboflavin, and thiamin in both children and adults who consumed RTEC. Compared to non-eaters, both child and adult RTEC eaters had significantly higher intake of total energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, niacin, folate, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, as well as significantly lower intake of sodium and total fat. Adult RTEC eaters also had higher intake of vitamin C and vitamin D. There was no difference in intake of non-milk extrinsic sugar by RTEC consumption status in both children and adults, although total sugar intake was higher in adult RTEC eaters.DiscussionRTEC is an important dietary source of key nutrients in the United Kingdom. Consumption of RTEC is associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and lower intake of nutrients to limit, in both children and adults in the United Kingdom.

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Associations between yogurt consumption and nutrient intake in the United Kingdom

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120001202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Yong Zhu ◽

Jessica Smith ◽

Neha Jain ◽

Vipra Vanage ◽

Mitesh Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Food Diary ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Total Fat

AbstractIntroduction: The present study was conducted to examine yogurt consumption patterns and investigate associations between yogurt consumption and nutrient intake using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme in the United Kingdom.Materials and Methods: Children aged 1.5–18 years old (N = 2564) and adults aged 19 years or older (N = 2705) from the NDNS 2012/13–2015/16 were included in the study. The average of four-day food diary data was used for analysis. Yogurt included all food items from the yogurt, fromage frais and dairy dessert food group, excluding dairy dessert products. Participants were classified as yogurt eaters if they reported consumption of yogurt at least once during the four days. Percentage contribution of yogurt to daily intake of nutrients in yogurt eaters was calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were used to compare differences in energy and nutrient intake between yogurt eaters and non-eaters, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Energy intake was also adjusted for in nutrient data analysis.Results: The prevalence of yogurt consumption was 53% in children and 39% in adults. The daily intake of yogurt was 105 g and 132 g, respectively. Yogurt is an important source of calcium and riboflavin in children and adults, as well as vitamin D in children, accounting for over 15% of daily intake of these nutrients. Compared to non-eaters, yogurt eaters had significantly higher energy intake in both children and adults; they also had significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin C, as well as significantly lower intake of sodium. Child yogurt eaters also had significantly higher intake of vitamin A and vitamin B12, and lower intake of total fat, whereas adult yogurt eaters had significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, iron, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin E, compared to non-eaters. Both yogurt eaters in children and adults had higher intake of total sugar; nonetheless, non-milk extrinsic sugar intake did not differ by yogurt consumption status in children, and it was significantly lower in adult yogurt eaters. Saturated fat intake did not differ by yogurt consumption status in children and adults.Discussion: Yogurt is an important dietary source of several nutrients in the United Kingdom. Its consumption was positively associated with intake of total energy and many nutrients to encourage, but not positively associated with intake of sodium, total fat, saturated fat, and non-milk extrinsic sugar in both children and adults.

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Vitamin D Serum Levels in the UK Population, including a Mathematical Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Vitamin D Fortified Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereals: Application of the NDNS Database

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1868

Author(s):

Wim Calame ◽

Laura Street ◽

Toine Hulshof

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Breakfast Cereals ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Vitamin D status is relatively poor in the general population, potentially leading to various conditions. The present study evaluates the relationship between vitamin D status and intake in the UK population and the impact of vitamin D fortified ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) on this status via data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS: 2008–2012). Four cohorts were addressed: ages 4–10 (n = 803), ages 11–18 (n = 884), ages 19–64 (n = 1655) and ages 65 and higher (n = 428). The impact of fortification by 4.2 μg vitamin D per 100 g of RTEC on vitamin D intake and status was mathematically modelled. Average vitamin D daily intake was age-dependent, ranging from ~2.6 (age range 4–18 years) to ~5.0 μg (older than 64 years). Average 25(OH)D concentration ranged from 43 to 51 nmol/L, the highest in children. The relationship between vitamin D intake and status followed an asymptotic curve with a predicted plateau concentration ranging from 52 in children to 83 nmol/L in elderly. The fortification model showed that serum concentrations increased with ~1.0 in children to ~6.5 nmol/L in the elderly. This study revealed that vitamin D intake in the UK population is low with 25(OH)D concentrations being suboptimal for general health. Fortification of breakfast cereals can contribute to improve overall vitamin D status.

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OP11 Accordance with theDietary Approaches to Stop Hypertensioneating plan in the United Kingdom: an observational study using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2011)

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2014-204726.14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A9.1-A9

Author(s):

NRV Jones ◽

P Monsivais

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Observational Study ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Using Data

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Energy and nutrient intakes of young children in the UK: findings from the Gemini twin cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000957 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (10) ◽

pp. 1843-1850 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H. Syrad ◽

C. H. Llewellyn ◽

C. H. M. van Jaarsveld ◽

L. Johnson ◽

S. A. Jebb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Young Children ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Background Information ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Data Set ◽

Daily Intakes ◽

The Uk

AbstractData on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.

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An estimate of phytate intake and molar ratio of phytate to zinc in the diet of the people in the United Kingdom

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010000704 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1380-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F Amirabdollahian ◽

R Ash

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The People ◽

Phytate Content

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the phytate intake and molar ratio of phytate to zinc in the diet of the people in the United Kingdom.DesignTables of the phytate content of foods were developed from twenty-eight published and unpublished studies. They were then applied to the nutrient databank of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). The study is a retrospective analysis of data on daily consumption of foods and drinks from the NDNS of children, adolescents, adults and the elderly based on 4–7 d weighed intakes.SubjectsA total of 6786 British participants aged 1·5 years and above, who participated in the NDNS, 1992–2001.SettingEngland, Scotland and Wales.ResultsThe median daily intakes of phytate for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly population were 496, 615, 809 and 629 mg/d, respectively. Although there were differences in phytate intakes between men and women, and for children, adolescents and elderly populations, after adjusting for differences in energy intake, there was no significant variation. The median phytate-to-zinc molar ratios for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly population were 11·8, 10·4, 9·7 and 8·7, respectively. Overall, the main sources of phytate were cereal and cereal products (e.g. breakfast cereals and breads), vegetables, potatoes and savoury snacks (e.g. chips and crisps), hot drinks and miscellaneous foods (e.g. commercial toddler foods and drinks, chocolate and soups), fruits and nuts.ConclusionsThe present study estimated the dietary intake of phytate and the phytate-to-zinc molar ratio of the diet of the UK population, which can be used for estimating the average requirement of zinc. Further research should focus on the completion and validation of the tables of phytate content of UK foods, to assess (and if necessary improve) the accuracy and precision of these findings.

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