Associations between maternal healthy lifestyle score and offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity: results from the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

AbstractMaternal adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy has been associated with reduced risk of obesity in the offspring. Our objective is to examine the association between a composite healthy lifestyle score (HLS) derived from body mass index (BMI), dietary quality, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake, in expectant mothers and adverse offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity. The Lifeways Cross-Generation Study comprises 1082 mother-child pairs. We defined five healthy lifestyle factors during pregnancy including: high dietary quality (top 40% of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), healthy pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5–24.9 Kg/m2), never smoker, and no/moderate alcohol intake. A composite HLS was calculated (scored 0–5). Birthweight, length and head circumference were abstracted from hospital records. Waist circumference and BMI was determined when the child was 5 and 9 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to test HLS and individual HLS component associations with offspring birth and childhood outcomes. Offspring birthweight, length and head circumference were positively associated with the number of maternal healthy lifestyle factors (p < 0.001), whereas child BMI and incidence of overweight/obesity at age 5 and 9 were negatively associated with the maternal HLS (p < 0.05). In multivariable models, a lower maternal HLS (0–2 healthy lifestyle factors) was associated with increased risk of low birthweight (LBW) (OR:1.17, 95% CI:1.01–2.69, p = 0.043) and lower likelihood of macrosomia (OR:0.73, 95% CI:0.24–0.99, p = 0.034), relative to those with 5 healthy lifestyle factors. Examination of the individual HLS components revealed that, poor maternal dietary quality, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher risk of LBW (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.01–7.85, p = 0.043, OR: 2.54, 95%CI:1.26–5.12, p = 0.025 and OR:2.30, 95%CI:1.01–5.26, p = 0.031, respectively). Likelihood of macrosomia and combined overweight/obesity at age 5 and 9 years was greater among mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI in the obese range (OR:2.18, 95%CI:1.23–3.85, p = 0.042, OR:2.19, 95%CI:1.01–5.08, p = 0.03 and OR:3.89, 95%CI:1.00–10.59, p = 0.04, respectively). Smoking during pregnancy was also linked to greater risk of childhood overweight/obesity (OR:1.91, 95%CI:1.01–3.61, p = 0.04 at age 5 and OR:2.14, 95%CI:1.01–4.11, p = 0.03 at age 9). Our findings suggest that maternal adherence to a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, in particular having a good quality diet, not smoking and no/low alcohol intake in combination with a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI, is associated with reduced risk of adverse offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity. These findings highlight the potential benefits of implementing maternal based multifactorial interventions to improve offspring birth outcomes and combat childhood adiposity.

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Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Are Major Predictors of Mental Wellbeing During COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement: A Study on Adult Arabs in Higher Educational Institutions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37899/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

hashem A. Kilani ◽

Bataineh ◽

Ali Al-Nawayseh ◽

Khaled Atyat ◽

Omar Obeid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Human Life ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Higher Institution

Abstract Background In previous times, infectious diseases affected the quality of human life during home confinement. This study investigated the influence of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on lifestyle, mental wellbeing, nutritional status, and sleeping pattern. Method: An online multicategory questionnaire was distributed to collect Demographical information and combined the following tools: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), WHO-5 wellbeing score, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A snowball none-discriminate sampling procedure was followed to collect data from people attending or working at higher institution had covering the period between Mar/00/2020 and Apr/24/2020. A total of 1723 completed responses (917 Males 37.4 ± 13.4 yrs. old and (806 Females 32.2 ± 11.5 yrs. old) were collected. Results Female participants had significantly lower mental health scores as compared to males (53.9% vs 46.1%). on Mental wellbeing score was better among participants with medium and high Physical Activity Levels (p < 0.00). Additionally, mental wellbeing score was significantly improved by dietary quality and sleeping score (p < 0.001). However, physical activity was by far the major determinants of mental health score. Conclusion Factors such as PA, Diet, sleeping patterns were associated with mental wellbeing during COVID-19 confinement among Arab participants.

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Associations between a maternal healthy lifestyle score and adverse offspring birth outcomes and childhood obesity in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-020-00652-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 2213-2224

Author(s):

Pilar Navarro ◽

◽

John Mehegan ◽

Celine M. Murrin ◽

Cecily C. Kelleher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Healthy Lifestyle

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Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 across Generations Is Associated with Birth Outcomes and Weight Status at Age 5 in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 928 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pilar Navarro ◽

John Mehegan ◽

Celine M. Murrin ◽

Cecily C. Kelleher ◽

Catherine M. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Weight Status ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Lower Likelihood

Maternal dietary quality during pregnancy is associated with offspring outcomes. These associations have not been examined in three-generation families. We investigated associations between parental and grandparental dietary quality, determined by healthy eating index (HEI)-2015, and offspring birth outcomes and weight status at age 5. The Lifeways cohort study in the Republic of Ireland comprises 1082 index-child’s mothers, 333 index-child’s fathers, and 707 grandparents. HEI-2015 scores were generated for all adults from prenatal dietary information collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. In an adjusted model, greater adherence to the maternal HEI was associated with lower likelihood of low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99, p = 0.04). Similarly, maternal grandmothers (MGM) with higher HEI scores were less likely to have grandchildren with LBW (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, p = 0.04) and more likely to have macrosomia (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22, p = 0.03). Higher paternal and paternal grandmothers (PGM) HEI scores were associated with lower likelihood of childhood obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.30–0.94, p = 0.03) and overweight (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.22–0.99, p = 0.04), respectively. Mediation analysis showed significant direct relationship of MGM and PGM HEI scores on grandchildren’s birthweight and obesity, respectively. In conclusion, maternal line dietary quality appears to influence fetal growth whereas paternal line dietary quality appears to influence postnatal growth.

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Abstract 039: Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Gang Liu ◽

Yanping Li ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Geng Zong ◽

Shanshan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Risk ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Low Risk ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Reduced Risk ◽

Cvd Mortality

Objective: To examine the associations of individual and combined low-risk lifestyle practices, including non-smoking, engaging in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (≥150 min/week), drinking alcohol in moderation (5-15 g/day for women and 5-30 g/day for men), and eating a high quality diet (top two fifths of Alternative Healthy Eating Index), with the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events among adults with incident diabetes. Methods: The prospective study included 11,527 participants with diabetes diagnosed during follow-up (8,970 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 2,557 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study), who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer at the time of diabetes diagnosis. Diet and lifestyle factors after diabetes diagnosis were repeatedly assessed every 2-4 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke incidence, and CVD mortality. Results: There were 2,311 incident CVD cases (including 498 stroke cases) and 858 CVD deaths during an average of 13.3 years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment including medication use, the individual low-risk lifestyle factors after diabetes diagnosis were each significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for participants with three or more low-risk lifestyle factors compared with zero was 0.48 (0.40-0.59) for total CVD incidence, 0.53 (0.42-0.66) for CHD incidence, 0.33 (0.21-0.51) for stroke incidence, and 0.32 (0.22-0.47) for CVD mortality (all P trend<0.001). The population-attributable-risk for poor adherence to low-risk lifestyle was 42.6% (26.7%-55.1%) for CVD mortality. In addition, greater improvements in lifestyle factors from pre- to post-diabetes diagnosis were also significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. For per one number increment in low-risk lifestyle factors, there was a 16% reduced risk of incident total CVD, a 12% reduced risk of CHD, a 21% reduced risk of stroke, and a 30% reduced risk of CVD mortality (all P <0.001). Similar results were observed when analyses were stratified by diabetes duration, sex/cohort, body mass index at diabetes diagnosis, smoking status, and lifestyle factors before diabetes diagnosis. Conclusions: Greater adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes. These findings further support the tremendous benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle in reducing the subsequent burden of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients.

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Abstract P367: Primordial Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease through Healthy Lifestyle in a Large Prospective Cohort of Young Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap367 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea K Chomistek ◽

Stephanie E Chiuve ◽

A. H Eliassen ◽

Kenneth J Mukamal ◽

Eric B Rimm

Keyword(s):

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Poor Adherence ◽

Health Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Primordial Prevention ◽

Younger Women

Background: Although overall mortality rates from CHD in the U.S. have continued to decline in recent decades, the CHD mortality rate among women 35 to 54 years old has been increasing on average by 1.5% per year since 1997. This unfavorable trend may be explained, in part, by adverse lifestyle habits among younger adults. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the burden of CHD among younger women that can be attributed to lack of adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Methods and Results: We conducted a prospective analysis among 93,161 women, 27-44 years of age at baseline, enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort and followed from 1991 to 2009. Lifestyle factors were assessed repeatedly during follow-up by questionnaire. Healthy lifestyle was defined as not currently smoking, having a BMI of 18.5 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 24.9 kg/m 2 , engaging in at least 2.5 hours/week of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity, having a diet in the top 40% of Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, and consuming 5 [[Unable to Display Character: –]] 30g/day of alcohol. To estimate the proportion of CHD that could be attributed to poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle, we calculated the population attributable risk percent. During follow-up, we documented 441 new cases of non-fatal MI and fatal CHD. After adjustment for other CVD risk factors, non-smoking, healthy BMI, exercise, and healthy diet were independently and significantly associated with lower CHD risk. Compared to women with 0 healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CHD was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.03, 0.17) for women with all 5 healthy lifestyle factors (4% of the study population). Approximately 67% (95% CI 28%, 87%) of CHD cases in this population were attributable to poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Among non-smokers, 59% (95% CI 13%, 84%) of CHD cases were attributable to poor adherence to the other four healthy lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Primordial prevention through maintenance or adoption of a healthy lifestyle may lower incidence of CHD and potentially reverse the unfavorable trend in CHD mortality in younger women.

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Dietary Patterns, Their Nutrients, and Associations with Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors in Older New Zealand Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3425

Author(s):

Karen Mumme ◽

Cathryn Conlon ◽

Pamela von Hurst ◽

Beatrix Jones ◽

Welma Stonehouse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

New Zealand ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Food Groups ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Living Situation ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Dietary patterns analyse combinations of foods eaten. This cross-sectional study identified dietary patterns and their nutrients. Associations between dietary patterns and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were examined in older New Zealand adults. Dietary data (109-item food frequency questionnaire) from the Researching Eating, Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study (n = 367, 36% male, mean age = 70 years) were collapsed into 57 food groups. Using principal component analysis, three dietary patterns explained 18% of the variation in diet. Dietary pattern associations with sex, age, employment, living situation, education, deprivation score, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking, along with energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, were investigated using regression analysis. Higher ‘Mediterranean’ dietary pattern scores were associated with being female, higher physical activity, and higher education (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.07). Higher ‘Western’ pattern scores were associated with being male, higher alcohol intake, living with others, and secondary education (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16). Higher ‘prudent’ pattern scores were associated with higher physical activity and lower alcohol intake (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15). There were positive associations between beta-carotene equivalents, vitamin E, and folate and ‘Mediterranean’ dietary pattern scores (p < 0.0001, R2 ≥ 0.26); energy intake and ‘Western’ scores (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.43); and fibre and carbohydrate and ‘prudent’ scores (p < 0.0001, R2 ≥ 0.25). Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were associated with dietary patterns. Understanding relationships between these characteristics and dietary patterns can assist in health promotion.

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Exergaming as a Strategic Tool in the Fight against Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/438364 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Carminda Maria Goersch Fontenele Lamboglia ◽

Vanina Tereza Barbosa Lopes da Silva ◽

José Eurico de Vasconcelos Filho ◽

Mônica Helena Neves Pereira Pinheiro ◽

Marilene Calderaro da Silva Munguba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Video Games ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Active Video ◽

Improper Use ◽

New Generation

Improper use of electronic media is considered a major contributing factor to childhood obesity. However, exergames, a new generation of active games, have made it possible to combine electronic entertainment with physical exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the use of exergaming as a strategic tool in the fight against childhood obesity. Information was retrieved from the databases SciELO, LILACS, Pubmed, Ebsco, and Science Direct, using the search words “egames,” “exergames,” “exergaming,” “new generation of video games,” “active video games,” “energy expenditure,” “body composition,” and “physical activity” in English and Portuguese, covering the period January 2008 to April 2012. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Exergaming was found to increase physical activity levels, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, and percentage of physical activity engaged in and to reduce waist circumference and sedentary screen time. Thus, exergaming may be considered a highly relevant strategic tool for the adoption of an active and healthy lifestyle and may be useful in the fight against childhood obesity.

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Mediterranean diet and other lifestyle factors in relation to 20-year all-cause mortality: a cohort study in an Italian population

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515000318 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 1003-1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Federica Prinelli ◽

Mary Yannakoulia ◽

Costas A. Anastasiou ◽

Fulvio Adorni ◽

Simona G. Di Santo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Italian Population ◽

Lifestyle Behaviours ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

High Adherence ◽

Reduced Risk

The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), smoking habits and physical activity with all-cause mortality in an Italian population during a 20-year follow-up study. A total of 1693 subjects aged 40–74 who enrolled in the study in 1991–5 were asked about dietary and other lifestyle information at baseline. Adherence to the MeDi was evaluated by the Mediterranean dietary score (MedDietScore). A healthy lifestyle score was computed by assigning 1 point each for a medium or high adherence to the MedDietScore, non-smoking and physical activity. Cox models were used to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and healthy lifestyle scores and all-cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. The final sample included 974 subjects with complete data and without chronic disease at baseline. During a median of 17·4 years of follow-up, 193 people died. Subjects with high adherence to the MedDietScore (hazard ratio (HR) 0·62, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·89)), non-smokers (HR 0·71, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·98) and physically active subjects (HR 0·55, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·82) were at low risk of death. Each point increase in the MedDietScore was associated with a significant 5 % reduction of death risk. Subjects with 1, 2 or 3 healthy lifestyle behaviours had a significantly 39, 56, and 73 % reduced risk of death, respectively. A high adherence to MeDi, non-smoking and physical activity were strongly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in healthy subjects after long-term follow-up. This reduction was even stronger when the healthy lifestyle behaviours were combined.

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Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of chronic diseases

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v23i1.737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 54-56

Author(s):

Peerzada Umar Farooq Baba ◽

Adil Hafeez Wani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Total Life Expectancy ◽

Lifestyle Measures ◽

Disease Free ◽

Total Life

The average life expectancy in the world has increased substantially in the past few decades. Modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, body weight, and diet quality affect both total life expectancy and incidence of chronic diseases. Few studies have comprehensively examined how a combination of multiple lifestyle factors may relate to life expectancy free from major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A Harvard team examined the effect of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy free of chronic diseases, using data from up to 34 years of follow-up in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1980-2014; n=73 196) and 28 years of follow-up in the Health Professions Follow-up Study (HPFS)(1986-2014;n=38 366). A healthy lifestyle score based on information on five lifestyle factors—diet, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) was derived. Five low-risk lifestyle factors included: never smoking, body mass index 18.5-24.9, moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes/day), moderate alcohol intake (women: 5-15 g/day; men 5-30 g/day), and a higher diet quality score (upper 40%). Women who met all the healthful lifestyle measures had an additional 10.7 years of disease-free life compared with women who met no healthful lifestyle measures. For men, the number was 7.6 additional disease-free years. So it was concluded that a healthier lifestyle was associated with an increased total life expectancy and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Findings suggest that the promotion of a healthy lifestyle would help to reduce healthcare burdens. Public policies for improving food and the physical environment conducive to adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle are critical to improving life expectancy, especially life expectancy free of major chronic diseases. Source: BMJ 2020; 368:l6669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6669

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The importance of holistic intervention in children and adolescent obesity

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal ◽

10.35189/dpeskj.2020.59.2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 179-188

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Weight Control ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Children And Adolescent

Adolescence is a special stage in the development of obesity and implicitly for interventions to control it. From a nutritional point of view, the adolescent with weight problems is going through an extremely vulnerable period, the increased need of nutrients necessary for the correct physical and mental development being often unsatisfied due to poor eating habits. This article refers to the importance of sport and physical activity of any kind as an adjuvant treatment of childhood obesity and was conceived as a plea for the holistic approach to infantile obesity. The study briefly presents the pathological substrate of childhood obesity (statistics, causes, consequences, methods of diagnosis and treatment) and the solutions considered most effective in ameliorating and curing this problem. It highlights the role of movement in implementing specific treatments for childhood obesity, along with the modern approach to nutrition in contrast to lifestyle, and also the influence of family patterns on the manifestation of exercise and eating habits and their transmission from one generation to another. Evidence based on empirical research in the literature regarding intervention programmes in the treatment of childhood obesity is also presented. Healthy lifestyle modification programmes for weight control in children should be directed by health professionals (primary health care professionals, nutrition/diet professionals, teachers, physical activity professionals), who are specially trained in the field of infantile obesity.

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