scholarly journals Recovery of the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbonNomascus hainanus

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiqing Deng ◽  
Mingxia Zhang ◽  
Jiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Solitary Males ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Hainan Gibbon

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Hainan gibbonNomascus hainanusis one of the most threatened primate species and is now found only in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve of Hainan Province, China. We describe changes in population dynamics, and the current number of individuals, based on historical sources and fieldwork during 2002–2013. The population comprises a total of 20 individuals (including six solitary males) in three separate groups. All are confined to an area of c. 16 km2. The current population developed from two groups that comprised a total of 13 individuals in 2002, and has increased slowly since then, with the addition of one new group. Population increase is hindered by the gibbon's unique social structure of one adult male and two adult females, as well as the reproductive age limit in adult females. An imbalance in the sex ratio of offspring may also have hindered population recovery but further investigation of this is required. Our findings indicate that the Hainan gibbon is likely to remain Critically Endangered in the coming decades.

scholarly journals The Genetic Status of the Critically Endangered Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus): A Species Moving Toward Extinction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Guo ◽  
Jiang Chang ◽  
Ling Han ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Hainan Gibbon

The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus), once widespread across Hainan, China, is now found only in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve. With a remaining population size of 33 individuals, it is the world’s rarest primate. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the primary drivers of Hainan gibbon population decline. In this study, we integrated data based on field investigations and genotype analyses of 10 microsatellite loci (from fecal samples) to assess genetic diversity in this Critically Endangered primate species. We found that the genetic diversity of the Hainan gibbon is extremely low, with 7 of 8 microsatellite loci exhibiting decreased diversity. Additional molecular analyses are consistent with field observations indicating that individuals in groups A, B, and C are closely related, the female–male sex ratios of the offspring deviates significantly from 1:1, and the world’s remaining Hainan gibbon population is expected to experience continued high levels of inbreeding in the future. Given extensive habitat loss (99.9% of its natural range has been deforested) and fragmentation, this rarest ape species faces impending extinction unless corrective measures are implemented immediately.

scholarly journals Herbaceous periwinkle, Vinca herbacea Waldst. et Kit. 1799 (Apocynaceae), a new species of the Croatian flora

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
János Csiky ◽  
Dragica Purger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
The South ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
A New Species

Abstract - Populations of herbaceous periwinkle, Vinca herbacea Waldst. et Kit., were found on April 2007 on Bansko Hill (Baranja, Croatia), which lies on the south-western edge of the range of this Pontic-Pannonian species. Since V. herbacea was included neither in the handbooks for plant identification nor in the current Croatian Flora Database, a new key for the determination of Vinca L. species of Croatia is presented herein. The herbaceous periwinkle should be treated as a critically endangered (CR) species in Croatia, considering the low number of individuals and the small extent of its occurrence in extremely rare habitats at the margin of its distribution. New recordings of some very rare or »data deficient « (DD) taxa of Croatia are also presented here: Scorzonera hispanica L. and Inula germanica L.

scholarly journals Predatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons

Behaviour ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Hausfater
Keyword(s):  
Prey Item ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lepus Capensis ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract1. A group of 32 yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Masai-Amboseli National Park, Kenya, caught and ate 45 vertebrate prey items during 2519.19 hours of observation. 2. Eighty percent of the prey items were mammals and the most frequently eaten species were African hares (Lepus capensis), vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and neonate gazelle (Cazella granti and G. thomsoni) in that order. The details of predatory behavior for each prey species are described. 3. Rates of predation were significantly higher during the long dry season than during other months of the year, although no correlation was found between total monthly rainfall and monthly rates of predation. A lognormal model however provided a good fit to the monthly rate of predation data suggesting that the rate of predation by Amboseli baboons was affected by several factors that acted multiplicatively with respect to each other and were themselves related to rainfall or dryness. 4. A mean of 2.3 individuals fed directly from the carcass of each prey item. A mean of 3.5 individuals per prey item fed directly or indirectly, i.e., on scraps, from each carcass. In general, both the number of individuals who fed from each carcass and the duration of their feeding bouts was dependent upon the gross body size of the prey item. Adult males fed directly from the carcass of prey items for about three times more minutes than expected from their number in the group; other classes of individuals fed directly from prey carcasses for only one-fourth as many minutes as expected. In general, an adult male would be expected to feed on each category of vertebrate prey at least once per year, while individuals of all other age-sex classes would be expected to feed on most prey categories only once every two years. 5. The most frequent social behavior around prey items was agonistic bouts; no cooperation, simultaneous feeding or specific begging gestures were observed. 6. Estimates of the total number of prey killed annually by Amboseli baboons indicate that baboon predation probably has a negligible effect on prey populations other than vervet monkeys. 7. It is speculated that the need for vitamin B12 underlies baboon predatory behavior, and perhaps that of other primate species as well.

scholarly journals Linking population performance to nutritional condition in an alpine ungulate

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Stephenson ◽  
David W German ◽  
E Frances Cassirer ◽  
Daniel P Walsh ◽  
Marcus E Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Free Body

Abstract Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) can live in extremely harsh environments and subsist on submaintenance diets for much of the year. Under these conditions, energy stored as body fat serves as an essential reserve for supplementing dietary intake to meet metabolic demands of survival and reproduction. We developed equations to predict ingesta-free body fat in bighorn sheep using ultrasonography and condition scores in vivo and carcass measurements postmortem. We then used in vivo equations to investigate the relationships between body fat, pregnancy, overwinter survival, and population growth in free-ranging bighorn sheep in California and Nevada. Among 11 subpopulations that included alpine winter residents and migrants, mean ingesta-free body fat of lactating adult females during autumn ranged between 8.8% and 15.0%; mean body fat for nonlactating females ranged from 16.4% to 20.9%. In adult females, ingesta-free body fat > 7.7% during January (early in the second trimester) corresponded with a > 90% probability of pregnancy and ingesta-free body fat > 13.5% during autumn yielded a probability of overwinter survival > 90%. Mean ingesta-free body fat of lactating females in autumn was positively associated with finite rate of population increase (λ) over the subsequent year in bighorn sheep subpopulations that wintered in alpine landscapes. Bighorn sheep with ingesta-free body fat of 26% in autumn and living in alpine environments possess energy reserves sufficient to meet resting metabolism for 83 days on fat reserves alone. We demonstrated that nutritional condition can be a pervasive mechanism underlying demography in bighorn sheep and characterizes the nutritional value of their occupied ranges. Mountain sheep are capital survivors in addition to being capital breeders, and because they inhabit landscapes with extreme seasonal forage scarcity, they also can be fat reserve obligates. Quantifying nutritional condition is essential for understanding the quality of habitats, how it underpins demography, and the proximity of a population to a nutritional threshold.

scholarly journals Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. (Amaryllidaceae), a new genus and species in the flora of Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-238
Author(s):  
Xhavit Mala ◽  
Qenan Maxhuni
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
First Time

This paper reports Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. as a new genus and species for the flora of Kosovo. Almost 30 adult individuals of this species were recorded for the first time in southwestern Kosovo during 2015, within the Canyon of the White Drin at Fshajt Bridge. Considering the low number of individuals and very limited distribution, this species should be treated as a critically endangered taxon in Kosovo.

scholarly journals Status of a second viable population of the Critically Endangered Delacour's langur in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Trinh-Dinh ◽  
Minh Le ◽  
Nguyen Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Abstract One of the three Critically Endangered and endemic primate species in Viet Nam, Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri, is restricted to the north of the country. The largest remaining population is in Van Long Nature Reserve, Ninh Binh Province, and the second largest is in nearby Kim Bang Protection Forest, Ha Nam Province, with other populations believed to be too small for recovery. The population in Van Long has been well studied but the status of that of Kim Bang has not previously been adequately evaluated. To address this, a survey was conducted during 10 August–7 October 2018. In total, we recorded 13 groups comprising a total of at least 73 individuals, almost doubling the highest number reported in previous studies. We documented six new groups in Lien Son and Ba Sao communes in Kim Bang. Our findings indicate there is a high likelihood that Delacour's langur population in Kim Bang will recover and could be important for the long-term conservation of this Critically Endangered species. However, immediate and appropriate conservation measures need to be implemented to protect the population from major anthropogenic threats, namely poaching and habitat destruction, detected during our survey.

MORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANAEMIA CASES IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN CENTRAL INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Arti Gupta ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Gupta ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar Gupta ◽  
Abhishree Geda
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Introduction: Anaemia is prevalent clinical condition in both developing and developed countries so it needs constant evaluation. As morphological study of red blood cell is initial and cheep tool for approach to causative factors here is an attempt to evaluate morphological distribution of anaemia. Aims and objectives: 1-To study distribution of anaemia in different age and sex category. 2-To determine morphological pattern of anaemia in all age groups. Material and Methods: A total of 752 anaemic samples were studied by peripheral smear examination, Samples were also run in automated cell counter to nd red cell parameters WHO Criteria were used as cut off for haemoglobin concentration Results: Among Seven hundred fty two cases , paediatric age group include 92 cases (12.23%), adult male aged 12 to 65 years include 160 patients (21.27%) , adult female aged 12 to 65 years was 476 ( 63.29%) and elderly patients more than 65 years was 24 (3.19%).Among all 752 cases 311 patients (41.3%) were having microcytic hypochromic anaemia Conclusion: To conclude in our study maximum numbers of cases are observed in adult females in reproductive age group. In both adult females and children maximum number of cases is having microcytic hypochromic anaemia due to iron deciency. So it is important to focus on screening, early dietary modication and supplemental therapy to reduce anaemia prevalence in the developing and developed countries.

scholarly journals First record of the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey Lagothrix flavicauda in the Región Junín, Peru

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. McHugh ◽  
Fanny M. Cornejo ◽  
Jasmina McKibben ◽  
Melissa Zarate ◽  
Carlos Tello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
First Record ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Woolly Monkey ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests ◽  
Lagothrix Flavicauda

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey Lagothrix flavicauda was presumed to only occur in the tropical montane cloud forests between the Marañón and Huallaga rivers in northern Peru. Here we report the discovery of a population to the south of its previously known range, in the Región Junín. During September–December 2018 we carried out transect surveys to record large mammals present near the village of San Antonio in the district of Pampa Hermosa, at 1,287–2,015 m altitude. We recorded five primate species during transect surveys. Lagothrix flavicauda was seen four times, and appeared phenotypically distinct from populations to the north, with notable white patches above each eye and a reduced yellow patch at the end of the tail. The presence of L. flavicauda in Junín extends its known geographical range over 200 km southwards from the closest previously known population in the Huánuco region, and presents a unique opportunity for the conservation of this Critically Endangered species.

scholarly journals Arboreal camera trapping for the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Olson ◽  
Ryan A. Marsh ◽  
Brittany N. Bovard ◽  
H. L. Lucien Randrianarimanana ◽  
Maholy Ravaloharimanitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Movement ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Prolemur Simus

AbstractCamera traps are standard tools for assessing populations of medium–large terrestrial mammals, particularly for rare, elusive or cryptic species, yet few researchers have attempted to employ camera traps to document rare primates in arboreal settings. We examined different arboreal camera-trap techniques to document the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus in Madagascar. We documented P. simus at two sites, confirming presence at one site. Most species, including 86% of all lemur occurrences, were documented in low light conditions (c. < 105 lux). Our study suggests that camera traps can be effective in validating unconfirmed sightings of rare or secretive primate species. We recommend that future work with cameras in arboreal settings considers seasonal activity patterns, targets sites with high food densities, uses local knowledge, and utilizes available techniques (e.g. traditional trapping techniques) and landscape topography to concentrate animal movement (e.g. steep slopes or ridge lines).

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