scholarly journals Lessons from practitioners for designing and implementing effective amphibian captive breeding programmes

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Berglind Karlsdóttir ◽  
Andrew T. Knight ◽  
Kevin Johnson ◽  
Jeff Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract With 40% of global amphibian species threatened with extinction, captive breeding programmes are an increasingly important conservation tool. The highest priority species occur in tropical countries, which presents a number of challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 practitioners in Latin America, Africa and Asia to investigate how the effectiveness of amphibian captive breeding programmes could be improved. A thematic analysis identified 94 barriers and enablers across 13 themes. We found that existing programmes commonly followed a reactive and often ineffective four-stage operational model. Subsequently, we developed a proactive operational model, using the barriers and enablers identified by this study, to support programme managers in the implementation of effective programmes. Our findings suggest human dimensions are often critical barriers or enablers across all stages of captive breeding programmes. We recommend the development of strategic partnerships between institutions, including zoos, NGOs, governments and captive breeding programmes, to help overcome these critical barriers and improve the effectiveness of global amphibian conservation. This operational model could be translated to captive breeding programmes for other taxa.

scholarly journals Effect of captivity on morphology: negligible changes in external morphology mask significant changes in internal morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse ( Mus musculus ) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no statistically significant differences in external morphology, but after one generation in captivity there was evidence for a shift in the internal morphology of captive-reared mice; captive-reared mice (two generations bred) had lighter combined kidney and spleen masses compared with wild-caught mice. Sexual dimorphism was maintained in captivity. Our findings demonstrate that captive breeding can alter internal morphology. Given that these morphological changes may impact organismal functioning and viability following release, further investigation is warranted. If the morphological change is shown to be maladaptive, these changes would have significant implications for captive-source populations that are used for reintroduction, including reduced survivorship.

Critical and Inhibiting Success Factors in Interorganizational Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Viviana Durão ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Interorganizational Networks ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organizational Network ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter, based on a single case study, has as its main objective to analyze a real example of creating an inter-organizational network and to perceive what was done for the selection and creation of the strategic partnerships and inter-organizational network and what factors or conditions can inhibit these partnerships from having long-term success and throughout its life cycle. For this, a qualitative study based on action research and semi-structured interviews was conducted. Results show although many companies settle in inter-organizational networks to gain competitive advantage, cases of failure are still quite high. In this case, upstream partnerships have not been based on long-term trust and commitment, which has jeopardized the continuity of the network, although there is an express desire to re-establish contacts. The partnership established downstream did not show the same commitment to continue the partnership with a total termination of the relationship.

scholarly journals Using photo-elicitation to explore perceptions of physical activity among young people with cystic fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Denford ◽  
◽  
D. M. Hill ◽  
K. A. Mackintosh ◽  
M. A. McNarry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
General Populations

Abstract Background Physical activity is recommended in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to explore motives, barriers and enablers to physical activity among this population. Methods: Twelve participants (12–18 years) were recruited via convenience sampling. Photo-elicitation alongside semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants’ views and experiences of physical activity. Results Our findings revealed motives for physical activity including health, enjoyment and autonomy. Those with families who valued physical activity tended to have positive attitudes towards physical activity, and valued and integrated it into their lives. Moreover, they were likely to be intrinsically motivated to be active. Several factors enable and act as barriers to physical activity. Whilst CF influenced physical activity, the majority of enablers and barriers raised where congruent with the general populations. Conclusion This study provides support that healthcare providers should encourage both young people with CF and their families to be active, and subsequently informs the development of clinical interventions to support physical activity among young people with CF and their families.

Docendo discimus: Forwarding Seeing the Patient as a Person to the Future Generation of Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J T V Greenbrook ◽  
M Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Clinical Teachers ◽  
Core Components

Abstract Background Forwarding the finest traditions of a calling, and upholding core components of the Hippocratic Oath, requires forwarding seeing each patient as a unique and autonomous person to future generations of physicians. Whilst clinical teaching is paramount in fostering this ethical perspective in applied contexts, limited empirical research has addressed how and why clinical teachers forward seeing the patient as a person in teaching. The present study endeavored to address this gap. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 randomly sampled clinical teachers, from two major university hospitals in Sweden. Data was analyzed through the phenomenological method. Results Two themes emerged: (1) Forwarding seeing the patient as a person by conveying the perspective, including the categories highlighting practical benefits in context, displaying humility and rendering the abstract salient, awareness of clinical teachers' impact on pathway development, and protecting core Hippocratic values in medical education; and (2) the need for active engagement in fostering the perspective, including the categories observing own development on a continuum, requiring constant reminders in applied contexts, finding inspiration through interaction, and the need for dedication and resolve. Conclusions Emblematic of the Latin proverb docendo discimus [by teaching, we learn], exemplifying the Hippocratic Oath in applied contexts further fueled and fostered the clinical teacher's own ethical perspective. This observed process accents how focus in teaching is contingent on, and promoting of, clinical teachers' own development and further engagement with the human dimensions of care. Cumulatively, past and present exemplars shape clinical teachers' professional identity and ability to engage with seeing the patient as a person, in turn enhancing the dedication needed to lead by example and revive the core components of the Hippocratic Oath in clinical teaching. Key messages Forwarding seeing the patient as a person in teaching is contingent on, and promoting of, clinical teachers’ own development and further engagement with the human dimensions of care. “Docendo discimus [By teaching, we learn]” – The reciprocal effect of fostering the ethical perspective in teaching requires seeking exemplars, to serve both as reminders and sources of inspiration.

scholarly journals Causes of hatching failure in endangered birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hemmings ◽  
M. West ◽  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Breeding Programmes

About 10 per cent of birds' eggs fail to hatch, but the incidence of failure can be much higher in endangered species. Most studies fail to distinguish between infertility (due to a lack of sperm) and embryo mortality as the cause of hatching failure, yet doing so is crucial in order to understand the underlying problem. Using newly validated techniques to visualize sperm and embryonic tissue, we assessed the fertility status of unhatched eggs of five endangered species, including both wild and captive birds. All eggs were classified as ‘infertile’ when collected, but most were actually fertile with numerous sperm on the ovum. Eggs of captive birds had fewer sperm and were more likely to be infertile than those of wild birds. Our findings raise important questions regarding the management of captive breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Shaping destination image and identity: insights for Arab tourism at the Gold Coast, Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Abodeeb ◽  
Erica Wilson ◽  
Brent Moyle
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Targeted Marketing ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Destination Brand

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how destination image can be shaped, created and crafted, from an induced-source, supply-side perspective to better cater to Arab visitors, drawing on empirical research conducted on the Gold Coast, Australia. Design/methodology/approach – Two sequential stages of research were implemented. The first stage conducted an analysis of websites to compare and contrast the image of the Gold Coast projected with the image perceived by Arab visitors. The second stage conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from two destination marketing organisations (DMOs) directly responsible for marketing the Gold Coast to Arab visitors. Findings – Key findings indicate that the DMOs sought to portray a strong destination brand to Arab visitors, specifically around its current branding of “Gold Coast: Famous for Fun”. The Gold Coast has highly evolved strategies to target Arab visitors, including productive working relationships between DMOs and strategic partnerships with tourism organisations in the Arab world. However, analysis of websites revealed some incongruence between core attractions. Arab websites emphasise the beach more than do the Australian, state and local DMOs, and entertainment did not rate as highly as the need for beaches, shopping and accommodation. Research limitations/implications – Importantly, this research highlights the need for DMOs to clearly understand the needs of Arab visitors and integrating such information into targeted marketing campaigns aligned with the core destination brand. Originality/value – The contribution of this research is in providing a more nuanced understanding of the importance of using culture as a key segmentation tool not only to help attract more tourists but to assist DMOs to understand the special needs of various cultures in the destination.

scholarly journals Abundance and survival rates of three leaf-litter frog species in fragments and continuous forest of the Mata Atlântica, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Henning Steinicke ◽  
Guy Pe’er ◽  
Klaus Henle
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Frog Species

Habitat destruction and fragmentation alter the quality of habitats and put populations under the risk of extinction. Changes in population parameters can provide early warning signs of negative impacts. In tropical forests, where habitat loss and fragmentation are vast, such indicators are of high relevance for directing conservation efforts before effects are irreversible. Most of our knowledge from tropical ecosystems originates from community level surveys, whereas our understanding of the influence of habitat conversion on vital rates of species is limited. This study focused on the influence of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on the survival probability and abundance of three leaf-litter frog species (Rhinellaornata, Ischnocnemaguentheri and I.parva) in forest patches of the Atlantic rainforest of South-east Brazil compared to a continuous forest. The species differ in their matrix tolerance: high for R.ornata and low for I.guentheri and I.parva and, thus, we examined whether their survival and abundance correspond to this classification. Ischnocnemaguentheri showed highest abundances in all study sites and low mortality in the forest patches compared to the continuous forest; I.parva was encountered only in isolated fragments, with very low mortality in one isolated fragment; and the matrix tolerant species had generally low abundance and showed no clear pattern in terms of mortality in the different sites. Our counter-intuitive results show that even matrix sensitive amphibian species may show high abundance and low mortality in small forest patches. Therefore, these patches can be of high value for amphibian conservation regardless of their degree of matrix aversion. Landscape level conservation planning should not abandon small habitat patches, especially in highly fragmented tropical environments.

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