Studies on the anthelmintic activity of hexylresorcinol and tetrachlorethylene

Parasitology ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Intestinal Fluids ◽  
Rate Of Movement

1. A method for examining conditions governing anthelmintic activity in the small intestine is described. Nippostrongylus muris in the rat was the test organism and hexylresorcinol and C2C14 were the drugs examined.2. The efficiency of hexylresorcinol was reduced by 50% in 1% sodium tauroglycocholate which reached a concentration of 1·3% in the rat small intestine. The adsorption of this drug on mucin reduced its concentration in intestinal fluids and prevented penetration to parasites under mucus. These inhibiting factors account for the inactivity of hexylresorcinol in the rat.3. Tetrachlorethylene, which stimulated N. muris to leave mucus and enter fluids in the intestinal lumen, was not inhibited by bile salt and was found to act rapidly in the rat.4. Sodium laurate activated hexylresorcinol more efficiently than sodium oleate at pH. 6·5. Both soaps showed intrinsic anthelmintic properties.5. The results obtained in examining the rate of movement of fluids down the intestine and the effects of detergents, bile salts, mucin and ascorbic acid on drug activity are discussed.

scholarly journals Dietary ascorbic acid lowers the concentration of soluble copper in the small intestinal lumen of rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Van Den Berg ◽  
S. YU ◽  
A. G. Lemmens ◽  
A. C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

We tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid in the diet of rats lowers the concentration of soluble Cu in the small intestine, causing a decrease in apparent Cu absorption. Male rats were fed on diets adequate in Cu (5 mg Cu/kg) without or with 10 g ascorbic acid/kg. The diet with ascorbic acid was fed for either 6 or 42 d. Ascorbic acid depressed tissue Cu concentrations after a feeding period of 42, but not after 6 d. Dietary ascorbic acid lowered apparent Cu absorption after 6, but not after 42 d. The lowering of tissue Cu concentrations after long-term ascorbic acid feeding may have increased the efficiency of Cu absorption, and thus counteracted the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid. Dietary ascorbic acid caused a significant decrease in the Cu concentrations in the liquid phase of both the proximal and distal parts of the small intestinal lumen. This effect was due to both a decrease in the amount of Cu in the liquid digesta and an increase in the volume of the liquid phase; only the latter effect for the distal intestine was statistically significant. We conclude that ascorbic acid supplementation lowers Cu absorption by decreasing the concentration of soluble Cu in the small intestine.

Specific receptors for epidermal growth factor in rat intestinal microvillus membranes

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. G429-G435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Specific Receptors

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is present in high concentrations in milk, salivary, and pancreaticobiliary secretions. EGF, delivered to the intestinal lumen by these fluids, appears to influence intestinal proliferation. Because EGF exerts its mitogenic effect through binding to specific membrane-bound receptors, binding studies of 125I-labeled EGF to purified microvillus membrane (MVM) preparations from fetal, newborn, and adult rat small intestine were performed. Using the membrane filter technique, binding of 125I-EGF to adult MVM was specific, saturable, and reversible. Adult and fetal MVM binding was rapid and reached a plateau after 30 min at both 20 and 37 degrees C. No binding was detected at 4 degrees C. Specific binding increased linearly from 0 to 75 micrograms MVM protein. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of receptors in fetal and adult MVM with an association constant of 1.0 +/- 0.35 X 10(9) and 2.3 +/- 1.6 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. Binding capacity was 435.0 +/- 89 and 97.7 +/- 41.3 fmol 125I-EGF bound/mg MVM protein for fetal and adult MVM, respectively. Newborn MVM binding was negligible. After binding, cross-linking utilizing disuccinimidyl suberate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography revealed a 170-kDa receptor. These data demonstrate specific receptors for EGF on MVM of rat small intestine and, thus, suggest a mechanism for the intraluminal regulation of enterocyte proliferation by EGF.

scholarly journals Transient expression of [D-Ala2] deltorphin I-like immunoreactivity in prenatal rat small intestine.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Matsui ◽  
M Fujimiya ◽  
S Matsui ◽  
Y Amakata ◽  
T Renda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

We studied the distribution of immunoreactive elements for [D-Ala2] deltorphin I (DADTI), a delta-opioid receptor ligand, in fetal and postnatal rat small intestine. DADTI-like immunoreactive cells were detected transiently on embryonic Days 20 and 21. Electron microscopic examination revealed that positive staining occurred in mucous epithelial cells, either mature goblet cells or undifferentiated cells containing only a few mucous granules. Positive immunoreaction products in mature goblet cells were confined in their apical cytoplasm to the luminal parts of mucous granule aggregates. The result suggests that a DADTI-like molecule(s) is synthesized in rat intestinal goblet cells and is secreted in a diacrine fashion into the intestinal lumen at a late fetal period. The molecule(s) thus secreted may be important for the intestine of rats just before birth, because DADTI-like immunopositive goblet cells are no longer seen at any postnatal period.

Neurotensin stimulates [3H]oleic acid translocation across rat small intestine

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. G823-G829 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Armstrong ◽  
M. C. Parker ◽  
C. F. Ferris ◽  
S. E. Leeman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The effect of neurotensin (NT) on the translocation of intraluminally administered lipid across the duodenum as well as across the entire length of the small intestine was studied in the rat. In the first series of experiments, the appearance in the lymph of [3H]oleic acid instilled as a bolus into a segment of the duodenum was followed for 3 h. Infusion of NT (0.6 pmol X kg-1 X min-1) via the superior mesenteric artery resulted in a significant increase in the appearance of label in the lymph when compared with saline infusion (17.3 +/- 3.1 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.4%, P less than 0.01, respectively). In the second series of experiments, lipid was infused into the entire length of the small intestine over 4 h, and the accumulation of label in the lymph was measured. The infusion of NT (1.0 pmol X kg-1 X min-1) into the femoral vein also significantly increased the appearance of label when compared with animals infused with saline (49.0 +/- 2.0 vs. 34.2 +/- 5.2%, P less than 0.05, respectively). In this study, the specific activity of the triglyceride recovered in the lymph was higher in the rats given NT than in the controls (P less than 0.05). No significant changes in lymph flow were observed as a consequence of NT infusion. These results indicate that NT infusion into the circulation increases the translocation of oleic acid from the intestinal lumen into the lymph of rats.

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat small intestine

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Nakamura ◽  
Michitaka Ozaki ◽  
Shohei Fuchinoue ◽  
Satoshi Teraoka ◽  
Kazuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

scholarly journals Persorption of IgG-Fc-Coated Particulates from Intestinal Lumen into Portal Blood via Villous Columnar Epithelial Cells in Rat Small Intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori YUJI ◽  
Masato FUJIMOTO ◽  
Wang-Mei QI ◽  
Ei-ichirou TAKAHARA ◽  
Youhei MANTANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

Absorption of 5-fluorouracil and related pyrimidines in rat small intestine

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bronk ◽  
Norma Lister ◽  
Susan Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Galactose Transport ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Inhibited Water

1. The transport of 5-fluorouracil, uracil and thymine has been studied with isolated jejunal loops of rat small intestine. High performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the pyrimidines and measure their concentrations. 2. When the lumen of the intestine was perfused with 5-fluorouracil or uracil at 0.1 mmol/l or 0.2 mmol/l, the concentration in the serosal secretions was significantly higher than that in the lumen. For thymine the serosal concentration exceeded that in the lumen only at 0.1 mmol/l. 3. Analysis of the mucosal tissue water at the end of the perfusion demonstrated that when the intestinal lumen was perfused with any one of the three pyrimidines at 0.1 mmol/l or 0.2 mmol/l the concentration within the tissue was significantly above that in the lumen. 4. After an initial lag period linear rates of transport from the lumen to the serosal secretions were obtained for all three pyrimidines over a 10-fold concentration range from 0.1 mmol/l to 1 mmol/l. 5. Uracil and thymine inhibited the transmural transport of 5-fluorouracil. 6. The transport of 5-fluorouracil was also studied with a vascularly perfused preparation of rat small intestine. At 0.1 mmol/l the rate of transmural transport of the drug in this preparation was substantially higher than in the jejunal loops. This difference was eliminated by adding 5-fluorouracil to the vascular perfusate, suggesting that the higher transport rate in the vascularly perfused preparation was due to the lower serosal drug concentrations in the mesenteric circulation of the perfused intestine. 7. At a concentration of 5 mmol/l 5-fluorouracil inhibited water transport in the isolated loops and transmural D-galactose transport in the vascular perfusions.

scholarly journals Calcium and Strontium in Rat Small Intestine Their Fluxes and Their Effect on Na Flux

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dumont ◽  
Peter F. Curran ◽  
A. K. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Water Efflux ◽  
Drastic Effect

Studies have been carried out on movements of Ca and Sr ions in rat small intestine, using the in vivo preparation developed by Curran and Solomon (5). In the concentration range of 0 to 25 mM, Sr flux appears to be passive, though restricted. Ca transport may not, however, be ascribed to passive independent movement of these ions since at higher concentrations (12.5 and 25 mM) Ca return from blood to intestinal lumen increases more than expected. An apparent diffusion coefficient of Ca and Sr ions in the membrane has been calculated and the influence of negative charges within the membrane on cation diffusion has been examined in a semiquantitative manner. Both Ca and Sr ions exercise a drastic effect on active Na absorption from intestine and on concomitant passive water movement. From 0 to 1 mM, Ca and Sr ions cause a sharp increase in Na and water efflux from the lumen. This rising phase is interpreted in terms of combination of the divalent cation with the Na carrier system following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At concentrations higher than 1 mM, the effect of Ca and Sr ions is reversed and Na and water absorption decreases slowly as Ca or Sr concentration is increased. This falling phase is ascribed to a non-specific Ca effect which produces a general "stiffening" of the membrane.

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