Corynetoxins and nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Bird ◽  
M. V. Jago ◽  
P. A. Cockrum
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Free Living Nematode

Corynetoxins, the toxic glycolipids produced by Corynebacterium rathayi colonizing bacterial galls induced by the seed gall nematode Anguina agrostis in annual ryegrass (Loliurn rigidum), did not affect embryogenesis or larval development of A. agrostis although they did inhibit the rate of egg hatching. Corynetoxins were not toxic to several species of nematode which are parasites of roots nor to various stages of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegana and they did not appear to influence the numbers of C. rathayi that became attached to the surface of the cuticle of infective larvae of A. agrostis.

Effect of structurally related flavonoids from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. on Caenorhabditis elegans

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina E. D’Almeida ◽  
María R. Alberto ◽  
Phillip Morgan ◽  
Margaret Sedensky ◽  
María I. Isla
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractZuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae), commonly called jarilla macho or pus-pus, is being used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and to relieve muscle and bone pain. The aim of this work was to study the anthelmintic effects of three structurally related flavonoids present in aerial parts of Z. punctata Cav. The biological activity of the flavonoids 7-hydroxyflavanone (HF), 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and 2´,4´-dihydroxychalcone (DHC) was examined in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that among the assayed flavonoids, only DHC showed an anthelmintic effect and alteration of egg hatching and larval development processes in C. elegans. DHC was able to kill 50% of adult nematodes at a concentration of 17 μg/mL. The effect on larval development was observed after 48 h in the presence of 25 and 50 μg/mL DHC, where 33.4 and 73.4% of nematodes remained in the L3 stage or younger. New therapeutic drugs with good efficacy against drug-resistant nematodes are urgently needed. Therefore, DHC, a natural compound present in Z. punctata, is proposed as a potential anthelmintic drug.

Development of the free-living stages of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. at different temperatures and humidities

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Fossing ◽  
T.S.B. Knudsen ◽  
H. Bjørn ◽  
P. Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Set Up

AbstractFaeces containing a mixture of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. eggs were mixed with vermiculite and water and set up at combinations of different relative humidities (65.5%, 79.5%, 90.0% and 100%) and temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) in order to study the rate of egg hatching and larval development. The study established that the development from egg to infective larva showed similar patterns for the two parasites. Optimum development and survival was in the temperature range from 15°C to 20°C and ata humidities from 79.5 to 95.5%.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic tolerance in free-living and facultative parasitic isolates of Halicephalobus (Panagrolaimidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1301-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. FONDERIE ◽  
W. BERT ◽  
F. HENDRICKX ◽  
W. HOUTHOOFD ◽  
T. MOENS
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Panagrellus Redivivus ◽  
Halicephalobus Gingivalis

SUMMARYStudies on anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites do not include facultative parasites. Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living bacterivorous nematode and a known facultative parasite of horses with a strong indication of some form of tolerance to common anthelmintic drugs. This research presents the results of an in vitro study on the anthelmintic tolerance of several isolates of Halicephalobus to thiabendazole and ivermectin using an adaptation of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test hereby focusing on egg hatching and larval development. Panagrellus redivivus and Panagrolaimus superbus were included as a positive control. The results generally show that the anthelmintic tolerance of Halicephalobus to both thiabendazole and ivermectin was considerably higher than that of the closely related Panagrolaimidae and, compared to other studies, than that of obligatory equine parasites. Our results further reveal a remarkable trend of increasing tolerance from fully free-living isolates towards horse-associated isolates. In vitro anthelmintic testing with free-living and facultative parasitic nematodes offers the advantage of observing drug effect on the complete life cycle as opposed to obligatory parasites that can only be followed until the third larval stage. We therefore propose Halicephalobus gingivalis as an experimental tool to deepen our understanding of the biology of anthelmintic tolerance.

STUDIES ON STRONGYLOIDES OF PRIMATES: IV. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF STRONGYLOIDES FULLEBORNI

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premvati
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Complete Development

The optimum temperature for the complete development of the free-living and the infective larvae of Strongyloides fülleborni is 25 °C. Morphological changes are seen at higher or lower temperatures.

scholarly journals Nematode Hsp90: highly conserved but functionally diverse

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA GILLAN ◽  
EILEEN DEVANEY
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Functionally Diverse

SUMMARYNematodes are amongst the most successful and abundant organisms on the planet with approximately 30 000 species described, although the actual number of species is estimated to be one million or more. Despite sharing a relatively simple and invariant body plan, there is considerable diversity within the phylum. Nematodes have evolved to colonize most ecological niches, and can be free-living or can parasitize plants or animals to the detriment of the host organism. In this review we consider the role of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in the nematode life cycle. We describe studies on Hsp90 in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and comparative work on the parasitic species Brugia pahangi, and consider whether a dependence upon Hsp90 can be exploited for the control of parasitic species.

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