The epidemiology of Schistosoma spindale Montgomery, 1906 in cattle in Sri Lanka

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Bont ◽  
J. Vercruysse ◽  
D. Van Aken ◽  
V. R. Southgate ◽  
D. Rollinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mesenteric Veins ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts

SUMMARYDuring 1988 and 1989, the mesenteric veins of 901 cattle were examined for the presence of schistosomes at the Kandy slaughterhouse (Sri Lanka). The overall prevalence of infection was 31·2%. Animals younger than 2 years were less infected (21·3%) than those older than 5 years (47·9%). Based on the number of paired worms counted, three intensities of infection were recognized: low (1–20 pairs), moderate (21–100 pairs) and heavy (> 100 pairs). Intensities increased with the age of the animals but remained low (average 10 worm pairs). The worm burden increased by approximately 20% for each step in age group. The number of miracidia/100 g faeces was measured in 85 animals of all age groups and intensities of infection; 77% of the samples contained less than 100 miracidia. Miracidia counts decreased with age; moderately and heavily infected animals in each age group had the highest and the lowest counts, respectively. This may be due to a host immune response. The results raise questions on the sensitivity of faecal egg counts as a diagnostic method for visceral schistosomiasis in cattle.

scholarly journals The green autofluorescence intensity and asymmetry of older men is significantly higher than those of older women in their fingernails and certain regions of skin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Tao ◽  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Danhong Wu ◽  
Yujia Li ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Health State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Left And Right

AbstractOur recent studies have suggested that the patients of multiple diseases have characteristic Pattern of Autofluorescence (AF) in their skin and fingernails, which may become novel biomarkers for both disease diagnosis and evaluation of health state. Since male populations may have higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than female population, in our current study we tested our hypothesis that the green AF intensity of older men is higher than that of older women in their fingernails and skin. We found that in both left and right Index Fingernails, the green AF intensity of the men of both the age group of 61 - 70 years of old and the age group of 71 - 80 years of old is significantly higher than that of the women of the same age groups. At both left Dorsal Centremetacarpus and left Centremetacarpus, the green AF intensity of the men at the age between 71 - 80 years of old is also significantly higher than that of the women of the same age group. Moreover, in Index Fingernails, Dorsal Centremetacarpus and Centremetacarpus, the green AF asymmetry of the older men of certain age groups is significantly higher than that of the women of the same age groups. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence indicating the gender difference between the green AF intensity and asymmetry of older men and those of older women in their fingernails and certain regions of skin, which is valuable for establishing the AF-based diagnostic method.

scholarly journals Age, sex and ethnic differentials in the prevalence and control of epilepsy among Sri Lankan children: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jithangi Wanigasinghe ◽  
Carukshi Arambepola ◽  
Roshini Murugupillai ◽  
Thashi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Sri Lanka by different age groups (0–5, 6–10 and 11–16 years), sex and ethnicity, and to describe the types and outcomes of epilepsy.Design and patientsA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district considered to be ethnically most balanced in Sri Lanka. A door-to-door survey was performed in the 0–5 year age group (60 geographically defined areas as clusters; 19 children per cluster), and a school-based survey in the 6–16 year age group (150 classes as clusters; 25 children per cluster). The screened children with epilepsy were reviewed individually for confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy, typing of the underlying epilepsy syndrome and assessment of control. The same group of children were re-evaluated 1 year later to reconfirm the syndromic diagnosis and to assess the stability of control of epilepsy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of childhood epilepsy was 5.7 per 10 000 children aged 0–16 years (95% CI: 38 to 87). It was higher with younger ages (73.4 per 10 000 children aged 0–5 years; 55.1 per 10 000 children aged 6–10 years and 50.4 per 10 000 children aged 11–16 years). A male dominance was noted in both age groups. In each age group, the prevalence was highest in children of Sinhalese ethnicity. Symptomatic focal epilepsy was the single most common group of epilepsy in both age groups. Majority of children remained well controlled on medications.ConclusionThe findings indicate a relatively high burden of epilepsy among children in Sri Lanka, however, these were comparable to the burden of disease reported from other countries in the region.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses In Bangladeshi Children Following Measles Vaccination.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Shahina Tabassum ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Munira Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Mean

Measles is a highly contagious vaccine preventable viral disease which mainly affects children. Infection with wild measles virus induces an immune response that provides life long protection. Measles has been targeted for global eradication. In Bangladesh, there is insufficient data about the antibody responses in children following measles vaccination. In the present study, the antibody response of a single dose of measles vaccine was investigated among 77 children of different age groups. The humoral immune response immunoglobin IgG (IgG) was detected by a commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Among the study population, detectable antibody titer was observed in 75.3% children while 24.7% showed detectable titers. The mean antibody concentration was highest (2.75 ± 1.10 IU/ml) in the 13-24 months age group, decreased gradually with age, and was lowest (0.77 ± 0.13 IU/ml) in the 85-96 months age group. Thereafter, the mean antibody concentration gradually increased again in the 97-108 months (1.20 ± 0.13 IU/ml) and in the 109-120 months (1.45 ± 0.13 IU/ml) age groups. The mean antibody titer was statistically significant in relation to age (p<0.01) but not to gender (p<0.95). This study showed that around 25% children remained antibody negative indicating challenges ahead for eradication of measles from Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 13-17

scholarly journals Seroprevalência de Anticorpos Contra o Sarampo em Profissionais de Saúde de um Hospital Central em Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Navarro Morales ◽  
Olena Shapovalova ◽  
Ema Sacadura-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Previous Contact ◽  
Specific Igg

Introduction: Immunity against measles may result from previous contact with the virus or vaccination. In this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of immunity to measles in healthcare professionals of a central hospital.Material and Methods: Retrospective study, with description of the results of measles-specific IgG assay in healthcare professionals, between May 2010 and March 2018.Results: The results of 1339 healthcare professionals were analyzed. The average age was 39.3 ± 10.11 years, 71.1% female. The prevalence of positive IgG was 81.5%, higher among professionals in the age groups 40 - 49 and over 50 years (91.9% and 94.6% respectively). Healthcare professionals who presented negative or equivocal IgG were mostly under 40 years old (83.1%) (p < 0.05).Discussion: The prevalence of serological immunity to measles in healthcare professionals was found to be lower than in other studies. That may be due to differences between the characteristics of the studied samples. Susceptibility to measles was higher in lower age groups. These results may reflect low vaccination coverage in this age group, an incomplete vaccination schedule, or the possibility of older healthcare professionals having the disease, which may confer an immune response with higher IgG levels.Conclusion: Knowing the prevalence of susceptibility to measles in healthcare professionals enabled the establishment of prevention strategies for outbreaks that may occur. Vaccination remains the best preventative measure, but a third dose of vaccine may be considered in certain epidemiological contexts, particularly in the youngest exposed healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Colombo Municipality region, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Dinuka Guruge ◽  
Inoka S Aberathna ◽  
Saubhagya Danasekara ◽  
Banuri Gunasekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
High Level

Background As the Municipality Council area in Colombo (CMC) experienced the highest number of cases until end of January 2021, in Sri Lanka, we carried out a serosurvey prior to initiation of the vaccination program to understand the extent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Methods SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined in 2547 individuals between the ages of 10 to 86 years, by the Wantai total antibody ELISA. We also compared to seroprevalence using the haemagglutination test (HAT) to evaluate its usefulness in carrying out serosurveys. Results The overall seropositivity rate was 24.46%, while seropositivity by HAT was 18.9%. Although the SARS-CoV-2 infection detection rates by PCR were highest in the population between the ages of 20 to 60 years of age, the seropositivity rates were equal among all age groups. The seropositivity rate was highest in the 10 to 20 age group (34.03%), whereas the PCR positivity rates was 9.8%. Differences in the PCR positivity rates and seropositivity rates were also seen in 60- to 70-year-olds (8.9% vs 30.4%) and in individuals >70 year (4.1% vs 1.2%). The seropositivity rates of the females was 29.7% (290/976), which was significantly higher (p<0.002) than in males 21.2% (333/1571). Conclusions A high seroprevalence rate (24.5%) was seen in all age groups in the CMC suggesting that a high level of transmission was seen during this area. The PCR positivity rates, appear to underestimate the true extent of the outbreak and the age groups which were infected.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

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