scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Colombo Municipality region, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Dinuka Guruge ◽  
Inoka S Aberathna ◽  
Saubhagya Danasekara ◽  
Banuri Gunasekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
High Level

Background As the Municipality Council area in Colombo (CMC) experienced the highest number of cases until end of January 2021, in Sri Lanka, we carried out a serosurvey prior to initiation of the vaccination program to understand the extent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Methods SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined in 2547 individuals between the ages of 10 to 86 years, by the Wantai total antibody ELISA. We also compared to seroprevalence using the haemagglutination test (HAT) to evaluate its usefulness in carrying out serosurveys. Results The overall seropositivity rate was 24.46%, while seropositivity by HAT was 18.9%. Although the SARS-CoV-2 infection detection rates by PCR were highest in the population between the ages of 20 to 60 years of age, the seropositivity rates were equal among all age groups. The seropositivity rate was highest in the 10 to 20 age group (34.03%), whereas the PCR positivity rates was 9.8%. Differences in the PCR positivity rates and seropositivity rates were also seen in 60- to 70-year-olds (8.9% vs 30.4%) and in individuals >70 year (4.1% vs 1.2%). The seropositivity rates of the females was 29.7% (290/976), which was significantly higher (p<0.002) than in males 21.2% (333/1571). Conclusions A high seroprevalence rate (24.5%) was seen in all age groups in the CMC suggesting that a high level of transmission was seen during this area. The PCR positivity rates, appear to underestimate the true extent of the outbreak and the age groups which were infected.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Colombo Municipality Region, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Dinuka Guruge ◽  
Inoka Sepali Abyrathna ◽  
Saubhagya Danasekara ◽  
Banuri Gunasekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
High Level

Background: As the Municipality Council area in Colombo (CMC) experienced the highest number of cases until the end of January 2021, in Sri Lanka, we carried out a serosurvey prior to initiation of the vaccination program to understand the extent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.Methods: SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined in 2,547 individuals between the ages of 10–86 years, by the Wantai total antibody ELISA. We also compared seroprevalence using the haemagglutination test (HAT) to evaluate its usefulness in carrying out serosurveys.Results: The overall seropositivity rate was 24.46%, while seropositivity by HAT was 18.90%. Although The SARS-CoV-2 infection detection rates by PCR were highest in the population between the ages of 20–60 years of age, there was no statistically significant difference in the seropositivity rates in different age groups. For instance, although the seropositivity rate was highest in the 10–20 age group (34.03%), the PCR positivity rate was 9.80%. Differences in the PCR positivity rates and seropositivity rates were also seen in 60–70-year-olds (8.90 vs. 30.4%) and in individuals &gt;70 years (4.10 vs. 1.20%). The seropositivity rate of the females was 29.70% (290/976), which was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.002) than in males 21.2% (333/1,571).Conclusions: A high seroprevalence rate (24.5%) was seen in all age groups in the CMC suggesting that a high level of transmission was seen during this time. The higher PCR positivity rates between the ages of 20–60 are likely to be due to increased testing carried out in the working population. Therefore, the PCR positivity rates, appear to underestimate the true extent of the outbreak and the age groups which were infected.

Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sviben ◽  
T.V. Čavlek ◽  
E.M. Missoni ◽  
G.M. Galinović
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Asymptomatic Children

AbstractA total of 142 serum specimens from Croatian children aged 3–18 years, with peripheral eosinophilia and without any clinical symptoms, were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method. The overall T. canis seropositivity rate in the samples tested was 31%. There was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence rate between boys (32.1%) and girls (29.7%, χ2 = 0.092, P = 0.761). The T. canis seropositivity varied significantly between age groups both in boys (Fisher's test P < 0.001) and girls (Fisher's test P = 0.007). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in boys aged 11–14 (42.9%) and girls aged 7–10 (44.2%). Our results showed a high seroprevalence rate of T. canis infection among children with eosinophilia. It is important that testing for toxocariasis should be included in a differential diagnosis of eosinophilia, especially in children.

scholarly journals Research on Relative Age in Hungarian Swimming

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Nagy ◽  
Csaba Ökrös ◽  
Csaba Sós
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Population ◽  
High Level

AbstractIn 2017, the 19th World Swimming Championship will be organized in Hungary. Up to now, many people have already been working with swimmers to achieve good results. However, in the next period they must work even harder to ensure that the national swimmers of a country as small as Hungary can achieve the outstanding results of their predecessors. Since high-level competitions in swimming have become more intense, innovations including scientific studies are needed during preparation for the event. The purpose of this paper is to present the major results of an independent study carried out by the authors about the relative age of the best Hungarian swimmers with the aim of contributing to their preparation. The research population consisted of selected age groups of swimmers registered by the Hungarian Swimming Association (N=400). The method for data collection was an analysis of documents. To evaluate the data, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The results are presented according to the period of the competitor’s date of birth, gender, and age group. The results confirm only partly the hypothesis that people born in the first quarters of the year play a dominant role in Hungarian national swimming teams. In the conclusion, the authors recommend further research on relative age in swimming and in other sports.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Performance at Cross Triathlon World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction. Cross triathlon is a sport consisting of three segments: swimming, off-road cycling, and running. Our study analyses the differences in performance between genders and changes in performance in selected age categories at the ITU Cross World Championships held between 2011 and 2016. Material and methods. During this period, a total of 1,933 triathletes were analysed (1,472 men and 461 women). Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the impact of sex differences and age-related changes on performance (time, percentage of time, and performance ratio) in swimming, cycling, running, and total race. Results. The age groups with the highest level of participation were persons aged 40-44 and 45-49 years among men and women, respectively. With regards to performance in the different age groups, in men and women, its high level was maintained between 25 and 49 years, and it decreased significantly from the age of 50-54. In men, the best results in cycling and total race time were obtained in the 30-34 age group and in swimming and running in the 40-44 group. Women obtained the best results in running in the 25-29 age group, in cycling in the 30-34 group, and in swimming and total race time in the 35-39 group. Conclusions. The results of the study have confirmed that there is a demand for sports in 40+ age groups. As for performance in the different age groups, it was on a high level between 25 and 49 years and decreased significantly from the age of 50-54 onwards. According to these results, the sports training of these triathletes should be oriented so that they obtain their best results between 30 and 35 years of age.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction among the Library and Information Professionals in Fiji A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Md Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
Happiness Level ◽  
Library Professionals

The paper deals with the job satisfaction of the library and information professionals working in government and the private sector libraries in the Fiji. The study was carried out in relation to what is the happiness level of working with their co-workers and how much they are satisfied with their wages and job securities. Library professionals have experienced ignoble and asymmetrical salary payments, lacks of proper housing, inadequate facilities in libraries, low social status given to them and limited opportunities for professional development in Fiji. The main purpose of this study is to find out the major factors affecting career choices, level of job satisfaction, and perceptions of the general image of library professionals in Fiji. This article explores, how much satisfaction of these library professionals, derive from their chosen career and examine the degree of dissatisfaction or areas of discontent among then. Results show that the female professionals are more satisfied from their job as compared to males. Library professionals who are much experienced are possess a proportionately high level of job satisfaction as compared to other age groups. Whereas, those professionals are between ages of 28-35, having a comparatively ignoble level of job satisfaction, compared to another age group of professionals. Unmarried professionals possess a comparatively ignoble level of job satisfaction as compared to married or widow and separated hold comparatively high job satisfaction.

INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION ON THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE OF THE POPULATION OF OLDER AGE GROUPS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Cherkasov S.N. ◽  
Polozkov O.I. ◽  
Fedyaeva A.V. ◽  
Avsadzhanishvili V.N.
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical Recommendations ◽  
Two Age Groups

The purpose of the study: to study the influence of the level of education on the degree of compliance of the population of older age groups. Materials of research. Data from a survey of 1,045 people of both sexes aged 60 years and older were used. The proposed questionnaire included three questions that characterize the level of compliance with medical recommendations, as well as the attitude to self-medication. The results were evaluated for men and women separately in two age groups of 60–74 years and 75 years and older. Results. Women are more compliant with the doctor's prescriptions, as they are more likely to perform them in full. With increasing age, the degree of compliance significantly increases in both men and women, and therefore, the differences between the sexes are leveled. The level of education affects the behavior in relation to the fulfillment of doctor's appointments only in men in the age group of 75 years and older and does not affect the age group of 60–74 years. In women, there was no significant effect in both age groups. Men and women with higher levels of education are more likely to make doctor's appointments only in some cases. A greater proportion of non-respondents, that is, doubters, is also observed in the group of men and women with a high level of education, regardless of age. The results of responses to specific questions concerning the degree of compliance confirmed earlier conclusions about the greater degree of compliance of older women compared to men. A large proportion of doubting men and women with a high level of education, regardless of age, requires a more attentive attitude to them in terms of providing additional information about the need and importance of following doctor's prescriptions.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION ON THE BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE OF THE POPULATION OF OLDER AGE GROUPS

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Cherkasov S.N. ◽  
Polozkov O.I. ◽  
Fedyaeva A.V. ◽  
Kamaev Yu.O.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Passive Behavior ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the study: to study the influence of the level of education on the behavioral patterns associated with medical care of the population of older age groups. Materials and methods of research. The results of an anonymous survey of 1,045 people of both sexes aged 60 years and older were analyzed. The questionnaire included a question about the reasons for visiting medical organizations. The results were evaluated separately for men and women in two age groups of 60–74 years and 75 years and older. Results. There were no significant gender differences in the characteristics of medical activity among the studied cohorts of older age groups. The most common form of behavior regardless of gender was the reactive type, when seeking medical help occurred as a result of health problems. A high level of education contributes to a change in behavior towards a greater prevalence of active behavior in relation to the reasons for seeking medical help. These patterns are observed regardless of gender and are more pronounced in the age group of 75 years and older. Men and women with a low level of education are more likely to choose a reactive type of behavior when seeking medical help occurs after the appearance of health problems. The frequency of passive behavior does not depend on the level of education and is more often recorded in the age group of 60–74 years.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, DURATION OF CONDITIONING, AND AGE OF ANAGASTA (EPHESTIA) KÜHNIELLA (ZELL.) (LEPIDOPTERA:PYRALIDIDAE) ON ACCLIMATION TO A SUB-ZERO TEMPERATURE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Atwal
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ephestia Kühniella

When Anagasta (Ephestia) kühniella pupae of age groups 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 days were conditioned at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25 °C for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours, the mortality due to subsequent exposure at −15 °C for 4 hours was affected by each of the three factors, age, temperature, and duration of conditioning. As the temperature of conditioning was lowered from 25° to 10 °C, the mortality due to the sub-zero exposure gradually decreased; when conditioned at 5 °C mortality increased again. When conditioned for 1–16 hours the lowest average mortality was among the pupae conditioned for 4 hours; mortality was highest for 1 and 16 hours. Regardless of the temperature and duration of conditioning, pupal mortality due to sub-zero exposure increased as the age increased.Pupae conditioned at 10 °C, when deacclimated at 25 °C for 2–8 hours, exhibited a gradual increase in mortality, showing a tendency to reach the same high level as among the unacclimated.Adults 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 days old, when exposed to −15 °C for various durations, exhibited only a slight difference in the time required to kill 50% (ET50) in each of the age groups; the two oldest groups required the shortest exposures, between 50 and 60 minutes. Moths of a given age group, when conditioned at 10 °C, exhibited higher mortality after sub-zero exposure than the controls; hence, there was no acclimation. Without a subsequent sub-zero exposure, conditioning at 10 °C had no lethal effect on the insects.

scholarly journals Age, sex and ethnic differentials in the prevalence and control of epilepsy among Sri Lankan children: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jithangi Wanigasinghe ◽  
Carukshi Arambepola ◽  
Roshini Murugupillai ◽  
Thashi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Sri Lanka by different age groups (0–5, 6–10 and 11–16 years), sex and ethnicity, and to describe the types and outcomes of epilepsy.Design and patientsA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district considered to be ethnically most balanced in Sri Lanka. A door-to-door survey was performed in the 0–5 year age group (60 geographically defined areas as clusters; 19 children per cluster), and a school-based survey in the 6–16 year age group (150 classes as clusters; 25 children per cluster). The screened children with epilepsy were reviewed individually for confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy, typing of the underlying epilepsy syndrome and assessment of control. The same group of children were re-evaluated 1 year later to reconfirm the syndromic diagnosis and to assess the stability of control of epilepsy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of childhood epilepsy was 5.7 per 10 000 children aged 0–16 years (95% CI: 38 to 87). It was higher with younger ages (73.4 per 10 000 children aged 0–5 years; 55.1 per 10 000 children aged 6–10 years and 50.4 per 10 000 children aged 11–16 years). A male dominance was noted in both age groups. In each age group, the prevalence was highest in children of Sinhalese ethnicity. Symptomatic focal epilepsy was the single most common group of epilepsy in both age groups. Majority of children remained well controlled on medications.ConclusionThe findings indicate a relatively high burden of epilepsy among children in Sri Lanka, however, these were comparable to the burden of disease reported from other countries in the region.

The epidemiology of Schistosoma spindale Montgomery, 1906 in cattle in Sri Lanka

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Bont ◽  
J. Vercruysse ◽  
D. Van Aken ◽  
V. R. Southgate ◽  
D. Rollinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mesenteric Veins ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts

SUMMARYDuring 1988 and 1989, the mesenteric veins of 901 cattle were examined for the presence of schistosomes at the Kandy slaughterhouse (Sri Lanka). The overall prevalence of infection was 31·2%. Animals younger than 2 years were less infected (21·3%) than those older than 5 years (47·9%). Based on the number of paired worms counted, three intensities of infection were recognized: low (1–20 pairs), moderate (21–100 pairs) and heavy (> 100 pairs). Intensities increased with the age of the animals but remained low (average 10 worm pairs). The worm burden increased by approximately 20% for each step in age group. The number of miracidia/100 g faeces was measured in 85 animals of all age groups and intensities of infection; 77% of the samples contained less than 100 miracidia. Miracidia counts decreased with age; moderately and heavily infected animals in each age group had the highest and the lowest counts, respectively. This may be due to a host immune response. The results raise questions on the sensitivity of faecal egg counts as a diagnostic method for visceral schistosomiasis in cattle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document