Experimental infection ofTribolium confusum(Coleoptera) byHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda): host fecundity during infection

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malefane Maema
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parasite Relationship

SUMMARYSome effects ofHymenolepis diminutaon the fecundity ofTribolium confusumare described. Host fecundity is observed to be reduced exponentially with increasing parasite burden/host, although there are differences in the ability of individual hosts to respond to parasitism. Of particular interest is the finding that host fecundity is greatly reduced in young beetles on or by day 14 post-infection (p.i.). This age-related reduction in host fecundity is discussed in relation to the population dynamics of this hostr-parasite relationship.

The effect of mebendazole on different developmental stages of Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Novak ◽  
W. S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta

Tribolium confusum beetles infected with Hymenolepis diminuta were fed continuously from day 1, 3, 5, 6, or 7 to day 10 post infection (p.i.) on a mixture composed of two parts Telmin (containing 16.67% of mebendazole) and one part flour. The drug inhibited the worm development and this effect decreased as the age of larvae at the time of the first exposure increased. Lowered incidence of infection, decreased population size, and retarded development were apparent when the beetles were given drug from day 3 p.i. or earlier. Retarded development was also observed in cysticercoids from beetles given drug from day 5 p.i. When given from day 6 or later, it had no effect on worm development. However, when compared with larvae from beetles fed only flour, cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 6 or later showed reduced infectivity and a decrease in their ability to excyst in vitro. Fully developed infective cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 10 p.i. or later were not affected by it.

The effect of mebendazole on the development of Hymenolepis diminuta in Tribolium confusum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Evans ◽  
Marie Novak
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Tribolium confusum parasitized by Hymenolepis diminuta were allowed to feed on mixtures composed of 0.005 to 20 g of mebendazole (Telmin: methyl-5-benzoyl benzimidazole-2-carbamate) in 10 g of flour from day 1 (24 h) to day 9 post infection. Retarded cysticercoid development, lowered incidence of infection, and reductions in the number of cysticercoids recovered per beetle were produced by drug levels of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 g respectively. None of the drug concentrations tested produced 100% mortality, and developing cysticercoids varied considerably in their tolerance of mebendazole.

The influence of Hymenolepis diminuta on the survival and fecundity of the intermediate host, Tribolium confusum

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Keymer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Parasite

SUMMARYAn experimental study of the effects of parasitism by H. diminuta on the intermediate host, Tribolium confusum, is described. No density- dependent constraints on parasite establishment within individual hosts are evident, although a reduction in cysticercoid size at high parasite burdens is demonstrated. The relationship between parasite burden, host mortality and host fecundity is investigated. Host mortality is linearly related to parasite burden, whereas the relationship between parasite burden and host fecundity is non-linear. There is no difference in viability between eggs from infected and uninfected females. The generative causes of these effects are not investigated experimentally, although it is postulated that survival is related to the degree of damage to the midgut wall caused by parasite penetration, and fecundity to the biomass of parasites harboured by the host. The significance of these effects is discussed in relation to the overall dynamics of the host-parasite association.

The dynamics of infection of Tribolium confusum by Hymenolepis diminuta: the influence of infective-stage density and spatial distribution

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Keymer ◽  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Over Dispersion

SUMMARYThe mean parasite burden of a population of Tribolium confusum is shown to rise to a plateau as the exposure density of infective eggs of Hymenolepis diminuta increases. The level of this plateau is shown to be dependent on the nutritional status of the host population, being depressed from approximately 18 cysticercoids/beetle in hosts which have been starved prior to experimentation, to approximately 2 cysticercoids/beetle in satiated hosts. A simple model is used to describe the shape of this infection functional response in terms of the predator–prey interaction between hosts (T. confusum) and parasite infective stages (H. diminuta eggs). The distribution of successful infections/host is shown to be over-dispersed, even when hosts are exposed to infective stages arranged in a uniform spatial pattern. The over-dispersion of parasite numbers/host is shown to become more severe as the spatial pattern of infective stages changes from under-dispersed, through random, to over-dispersed. Experimental results are discussed in relation to the dynamics of parasite–host interactions, in which infection takes place by host ingestion of a free-living infective stage.

Parasite-induced changes in the behaviour of cestode-infected beetles: adaptation or simple pathology?

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Robb ◽  
Mary L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Male Pheromones ◽  
Induced Changes

Although the cause is often unclear, many parasites alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts. The larval form of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has previously been shown to modify the behaviour of its intermediate host, the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, in a manner that may be adaptive to the parasite. To test this explanation we observed host behaviours including activity, concealment, and the response to and production of pheromones. Infected female beetles examined both 4–5 and 11–12 days post infection were slower moving and slower to conceal themselves than uninfected conspecifics; however, they did not differ from uninfected individuals in staying concealed. Infection of T. confusum did not affect the production of pheromones by mated and virgin females or the response of females to male pheromones. A second hypothesis for altered behaviours may be that modified behaviours result from pathology. The survivorship of mated infected female beetles was significantly lower than that of infected virgin beetles and uninfected beetles. Thus, both mated status and infection were important factors in survivorship, but only infection had significant effects on the altered behaviours. In this system, therefore, the hypothesis that behavioural changes are due to adaptive manipulation of the host by the parasite is supported.

Beyond average: an experimental test of temperature variability on the population dynamics of Tribolium confusum

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Estay ◽  
Sabrina Clavijo-Baquet ◽  
Mauricio Lima ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Tribolium Confusum

Hymenolepis diminuta: metacestode-induced reduction in the synthesis of the yolk protein, vitellogenin, in the fat body of Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Webb ◽  
H. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Vitellogenin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYVitellogenin synthesis by the fat body has been monitored using in vitro culture and immunoprecipitation. This system was found to be efficient for measuring vitellogenin production in both non-infected Tenebrio molitor and those infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. In fat bodies from infected beetles, vitellogenin production was decreased by up to 75% (day 24 post-infection) and, at all times investigated, vitellogenin synthesis was significantly below control levels (days 3–30 post-infection). Incubating fat bodies from control insects with isolated metacestodes indicated that this may be a direct effect by the parasite which is developmental stage-specific. Stage II, but not stage III–IV, nor heat-killed parasites could bring about this decrease in vitellogenin. In addition, these effects may be density dependent within the range of 2–20 parasites per fat body; only 2 metacestodes were necessary to cause a significant decrease. Since metacestodes do not take up vitellogenin, nor limit the amount of [14C] leucine available to the fat body for vitellogenin production, it is conceivable that the parasite produces a potent inhibitor of vitellogenin synthesis, or a molecule which induces cells within the fat body to do so.

Experimental infection of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanawithToxocara canisand the establishment of patent infections in pups

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Sasmal ◽  
T.K. Pahari ◽  
R. Laha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractThe possible role of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanain the transmission ofToxocara caniseggs and larvae via faeces and tissue migration was studied. Cockroaches fed with 3 × 105and 5 × 105embryonated eggs were found to harbour viable eggs and larvae from days 1 to 5 post-infection (DPI). At necropsy on 5 DPI, eggs and larvae were also recovered from the rectal contents but not from the tissues of cockroaches. In addition patent infections were established in pups fed on infected faeces of cockroaches, with eggs first appearing in the faeces of pups at 38 DPI. Adult worms ofT. caniswere also recovered at necropsy. Therefore the importance of cockroaches as good mechanical disseminators of ascarid eggs, especiallyT. canis, is discussed.

Immunocharacterization ofTaenia soliumoncosphere and metacestode antigens

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Garcia-Allan ◽  
N. Martínez ◽  
A. Flisser ◽  
A. Aluja ◽  
J.C. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Related Increase

AbstractA partial immunocharacterization of oncosphere and metacestode antigens ofTaenia soliumwas carried out and compared to antigens from other taeniid species. The results indicated thatT. soliummetacestode antigen contained epitopes cross reactive with rabbit anti-sera to adult and oncospheral stages of the parasite. Oncospheres, however, consisted largely of stage specific antigens. Western blot analysis indicated thatT. soliumandT. pisiformisshared several oncospheral antigens; however, this was not the case withT. soliumandT. hydatigena. Western blot analysis showed a time-related increase in the number of molecules recognized by antibodies toT. soliumoncosphere and metacestode antigens in pigs experimentally infected withT. soliumeggs. Oncosphere specific antibodies were detected in pig sera one month after experimental infection whereas antibodies to cystic stage antigens were not present until the 3rd to 5th month post infection. Sera from neurocysticercotic patients as well as naturally infected cysticercotic pigs recognized high molecular weight antigens in the oncospheres.

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