The effect of mebendazole on different developmental stages of Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Novak ◽  
W. S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta

Tribolium confusum beetles infected with Hymenolepis diminuta were fed continuously from day 1, 3, 5, 6, or 7 to day 10 post infection (p.i.) on a mixture composed of two parts Telmin (containing 16.67% of mebendazole) and one part flour. The drug inhibited the worm development and this effect decreased as the age of larvae at the time of the first exposure increased. Lowered incidence of infection, decreased population size, and retarded development were apparent when the beetles were given drug from day 3 p.i. or earlier. Retarded development was also observed in cysticercoids from beetles given drug from day 5 p.i. When given from day 6 or later, it had no effect on worm development. However, when compared with larvae from beetles fed only flour, cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 6 or later showed reduced infectivity and a decrease in their ability to excyst in vitro. Fully developed infective cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 10 p.i. or later were not affected by it.

Hymenolepis diminuta: metacestode-induced reduction in the synthesis of the yolk protein, vitellogenin, in the fat body of Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Webb ◽  
H. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Vitellogenin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYVitellogenin synthesis by the fat body has been monitored using in vitro culture and immunoprecipitation. This system was found to be efficient for measuring vitellogenin production in both non-infected Tenebrio molitor and those infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. In fat bodies from infected beetles, vitellogenin production was decreased by up to 75% (day 24 post-infection) and, at all times investigated, vitellogenin synthesis was significantly below control levels (days 3–30 post-infection). Incubating fat bodies from control insects with isolated metacestodes indicated that this may be a direct effect by the parasite which is developmental stage-specific. Stage II, but not stage III–IV, nor heat-killed parasites could bring about this decrease in vitellogenin. In addition, these effects may be density dependent within the range of 2–20 parasites per fat body; only 2 metacestodes were necessary to cause a significant decrease. Since metacestodes do not take up vitellogenin, nor limit the amount of [14C] leucine available to the fat body for vitellogenin production, it is conceivable that the parasite produces a potent inhibitor of vitellogenin synthesis, or a molecule which induces cells within the fat body to do so.

Hymenolepis diminuta: influence of metacestodes on synthesis and secretion of fat body protein and its ovarian sequestration in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hurd ◽  
C. Arme
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Fat Bodies

SUMMARYFemale Tenebrio molitor infected with metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta exhibit elevated concentrations of female-specific proteins in their haemolymph and the origin of these has been investigated. Following a 4 h in vitro incubation with [14C]leucine, fat bodies from non-infected females secreted 13 times more protein than those from females 12 days post-infection. A comparison of the uptake in vivo of radio-isotope labelled amino acids by ovaries from non-infected and infected beetles of various ages revealed no differences; however, a 51·5% decrease in protein sequestration was detected in females 12 days post-infection. Electrophoresis of homogenates of radio-isotope labelled ovaries demonstrated that the majority of label was associated with vitellin sub-units. It is suggested that the decrease in vitellogenin sequestration associated with infection results in an increase in the haemolymph concentration of these proteins despite a concomitant reduction in their secretion by fat bodies. Both fat body synthesis and ovarian sequestration are under juvenile hormone control and it is proposed that metacestodes of H. diminuta may cause a reduction in the concentration of this hormone in the intermediate host.

Predictability of morphological gradients in the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Adult Tapeworm

AbstractThe strobila of an adult tapeworm represents a continual gradient of developmental stages from immature to gravid proglottids. The purpose of this study was to determine if organogenesis (as measured by the develop mental gradient) in tapeworms within a single host and among different hosts occurred at the same rates. Rats were infected with Hymenolepis diminuta and the tapeworms were recovered 20 days post-infection. The total number of proglottids in each worm was determined, and five “benchmarks” of organogenesis were quantified. The data demonstrated that organogenesis in worms from a single host occurred at a relatively constant rate, but that rates in tapeworms from different hosts were different.

The effects of various maintenance conditions on the survival of hymenolepidid cysticercoids

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Evans ◽  
Ceayon McKenzie ◽  
Marie Novak ◽  
Hatem Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

Cysticercoids of Hymenolepis microstoma, Hymenolepis nana, and Hymenolepis diminuta were examined for their ability to excyst in vitro after being stored in balanced salt solution, distilled water, or the bodies of dead hosts (Tribolium confusum). The number capable of excysting decreased as the duration of the storage period was increased but the rate of decrease varied with the storage medium and was invariably slower when the parasites were stored at 4 °C than when they were kept at 22 °C. The combination of storage medium and temperature that produced the slowest rate of decrease in the ability of the parasites to excyst varied according to species.

The effect of mebendazole on the development of Hymenolepis diminuta in Tribolium confusum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Evans ◽  
Marie Novak
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Tribolium confusum parasitized by Hymenolepis diminuta were allowed to feed on mixtures composed of 0.005 to 20 g of mebendazole (Telmin: methyl-5-benzoyl benzimidazole-2-carbamate) in 10 g of flour from day 1 (24 h) to day 9 post infection. Retarded cysticercoid development, lowered incidence of infection, and reductions in the number of cysticercoids recovered per beetle were produced by drug levels of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 g respectively. None of the drug concentrations tested produced 100% mortality, and developing cysticercoids varied considerably in their tolerance of mebendazole.

Parasite-induced changes in the behaviour of cestode-infected beetles: adaptation or simple pathology?

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Robb ◽  
Mary L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Male Pheromones ◽  
Induced Changes

Although the cause is often unclear, many parasites alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts. The larval form of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has previously been shown to modify the behaviour of its intermediate host, the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, in a manner that may be adaptive to the parasite. To test this explanation we observed host behaviours including activity, concealment, and the response to and production of pheromones. Infected female beetles examined both 4–5 and 11–12 days post infection were slower moving and slower to conceal themselves than uninfected conspecifics; however, they did not differ from uninfected individuals in staying concealed. Infection of T. confusum did not affect the production of pheromones by mated and virgin females or the response of females to male pheromones. A second hypothesis for altered behaviours may be that modified behaviours result from pathology. The survivorship of mated infected female beetles was significantly lower than that of infected virgin beetles and uninfected beetles. Thus, both mated status and infection were important factors in survivorship, but only infection had significant effects on the altered behaviours. In this system, therefore, the hypothesis that behavioural changes are due to adaptive manipulation of the host by the parasite is supported.

Experimental infection ofTribolium confusum(Coleoptera) byHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda): host fecundity during infection

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malefane Maema
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parasite Relationship

SUMMARYSome effects ofHymenolepis diminutaon the fecundity ofTribolium confusumare described. Host fecundity is observed to be reduced exponentially with increasing parasite burden/host, although there are differences in the ability of individual hosts to respond to parasitism. Of particular interest is the finding that host fecundity is greatly reduced in young beetles on or by day 14 post-infection (p.i.). This age-related reduction in host fecundity is discussed in relation to the population dynamics of this hostr-parasite relationship.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document