Echinococcus granulosus: intraspecific genetic variation assessed by a DNA repetitive element

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. ROSENZVIT ◽  
S. G. CANOVA ◽  
L. KAMENETZKY ◽  
E. A. GUARNERA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cystic Hydatid ◽  
Cattle Strain ◽  
Sheep Strain

A 186 bp Echinococcus granulosus-specific repetitive element, TREg, was used to assess genetic variation between strains. In G7 genotype (pig strain) it has the characteristics of a satellite DNA element with a copy number of 23000 per haploid genome. Analysis, by sequencing of TREg monomers, showed a great degree of identity within them. In the G1 genotype (common sheep strain) TREg-like repetitive elements were found in an interspersed distribution throughout the genome and in only 120 copies. The sequences of these monomers showed a great degree of variation between them and with TREg of G7 origin. The G6 genotype (camel strain) showed a pattern of distribution and copy number similar to the G7 genotype, and the G2 genotype (Tasmanian sheep strain) similar to the G1 genotype. Isolates from the G5 (cattle strain) and G4 (horse strain) genotypes also showed unique hybridization patterns in Southern blot experiments. The genomic plasticity of E. granulosus, which may have important consequences in the epidemiology and control of cystic hydatid disease is reflected in the results of this work.

Genetic variation and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Argentina

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. ROSENZVIT ◽  
L.-H. ZHANG ◽  
L. KAMENETZKY ◽  
S. G. CANOVA ◽  
E. A. GUARNERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cystic Hydatid ◽  
Sheep Strain

Polymerase chain reaction–ribosomal ITS-1 DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes were used to characterize 33 Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from different regions and hosts in Argentina, and to determine which genotypes occurred in humans with cystic hydatid disease. The results of the study demonstrated the presence of at least 4 distinct genotypes; the common sheep strain (G1) in sheep from Chubut Province and in humans from Río Negro Province, the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) in sheep and 1 human from Tucumán Province, the pig strain (G7) in pigs from Santa Fe Province and the camel strain (G6) in humans from Río Negro and Buenos Aires Provinces. The finding that pigs harboured the pig strain and the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain has considerable implications for the implementation of hydatid control programmes due to the shorter maturation time of both strains in dogs compared with the common sheep strain. Furthermore, this is the first report of the presence of the G2 and G6 genotypes in humans which may also have important consequences for human health.

Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Moro ◽  
Hector H. Garcia ◽  
Armando E. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Cystic Hydatid

Cystic hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease principally transmitted between dogs and domestic livestock, particularly sheep. Humans are infected when they ingest tapeworm eggs, with disease occurring in most parts of the world where sheep are raised and dogs are used to herd livestock. The most common clinical manifestations are cysts in the liver (typically presenting with hepatomegaly) and/or lung (presenting with cough, haemoptysis, and dyspnoea). Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of serological tests in combination with imaging techniques. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy with anthelminthic agents, or—for liver cysts—PAIR (puncture–aspiration–injection–reaspiration). Echinococcosis is a major public health problem in several countries. Control programmes have been aimed at educating dog owners to prevent their animals from having access to infected offal. Vaccines against sheep hydatidosis and the dog tapeworm stage are promising alternatives.

scholarly journals Unraveling oxidative stress response in the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Cancela ◽  
Jéssica A. Paes ◽  
Hercules Moura ◽  
John R. Barr ◽  
Arnaldo Zaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Lamin B ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Antioxidant Proteins ◽  
Caspase Substrate ◽  
Cystic Hydatid

Abstract Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a worldwide neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite is well adapted to its host by producing protective molecules that modulate host immune response. An unexplored issue associated with the parasite’s persistence in its host is how the organism can survive the oxidative stress resulting from parasite endogenous metabolism and host defenses. Here, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress in E. granulosus protoescoleces (PSCs) to identify molecular pathways and antioxidant responses during H2O2 exposure. Using proteomics, we identified 550 unique proteins; including 474 in H2O2-exposed PSCs (H-PSCs) samples and 515 in non-exposed PSCs (C-PSCs) samples. Larger amounts of antioxidant proteins, including GSTs and novel carbonyl detoxifying enzymes, such as aldo-keto reductase and carbonyl reductase, were detected after H2O2 exposure. Increased concentrations of caspase-3 and cathepsin-D proteases and components of the 26S proteasome were also detected in H-PSCs. Reduction of lamin-B and other caspase-substrate, such as filamin, in H-PSCs suggested that molecular events related to early apoptosis were also induced. We present data that describe proteins expressed in response to oxidative stress in a metazoan parasite, including novel antioxidant enzymes and targets with potential application to treatment and prevention of CHD.

scholarly journals Challenges for diagnosis and control of cystic hydatid disease

Acta Tropica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Barnes ◽  
P. Deplazes ◽  
B. Gottstein ◽  
D.J. Jenkins ◽  
A. Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cystic Hydatid

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Echinococcus granulosus Isolated from Humans: A Comparative Study in Two Cystic Echinococcosis Endemic Areas, Turkey and Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Barazesh ◽  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Saeed Shahabi ◽  
Ahmed Galip Halidi ◽  
Abdurrahman Ekici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Northwestern Iran ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Sheep Strain

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Based on molecular studies and DNA sequencing, E. granulosus has been classified into 10 different genotypes (G1 to G10). Two neighboring countries, Turkey and Iran, are considered the two main foci of CE in the Middle East. The current study is aimed at examining the genotype diversity of E. granulosus isolated from human clinical samples in Turkey and Iran. Surgically removed human hydatid cysts were collected from East Azerbaijan and Fars provinces in Iran and Van province in Turkey. After extracting DNA, performing PCR, targeting the cox1 gene, the PCR products were purified from the gel and were sequenced from both directions. The sequences were aligned and compared, using BioEdit and also the BLAST program of GenBank. The maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the Tamura-Nei model, using the MEGAX software. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the human isolated samples were classified into two major clades: G1 (from Iran and Turkey) and G3 (5 samples from northwestern Iran and one sample from Turkey). The mean and degree of genetic divergence (K2P) between the two major clades, G1 and G3, were 0.2% and 0.7±0.4%, respectively. The findings of the current study revealed that the sheep strain (G1) and the less important strain G3 have major roles in the transmission cycle of CE in two neighboring countries, Iran and Turkey. Therefore, it is necessary to interpose the life cycle of this parasite and reduce the disease burden in livestock and humans by adopting common regional preventive and control policies.

Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)

2010 ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Armando E. Gonzalez ◽  
Pedro L. Moro ◽  
Hector H. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Cystic Hydatid
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