Immune-dependent thrombocytopaenia in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. STANLEY ◽  
J. R. NGAIZA ◽  
E. ATIENO ◽  
G. JELL ◽  
K. FRANCKLOW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Platelet Number ◽  
Egg Stages

As has been shown previously, immunologically intact mice with patent Schistosoma mansoni infections has a significantly lower mean platelet number than intact uninfected mice (P<0·0001). However, platelet numbers in T-cell deprived mice with patent infections were not significantly different from those in uninfected T-cell deprived mice. Also, platelet counts in both the infected and uninfected T-cell deprived groups were not significantly different from those in intact uninfected mice. The S. mansoni-induced thrombocytopaenia in mice is thus seemingly immune dependent. Immunologically intact mice with chronic 12-week-old S. mansoni infections has IgG antibodies that were reactive in an ELISA-type assay wit whole fixed platelets of both mouse and human origin. In Western immunoblots the IgG antibodies from chronically-infected mice reacted in particular against mouse and human platelet antigens of 90, 37 and 30 kDa. Antisera raised from 2 rabbits, immunized respectively with mouse and human platelet antigens, cross-reacted with antigens of the larval, adult worm and egg stages of S. mansoni. These results support the hypothesis that an anti-platelet antibody response may be the cause of the thrombocytopaenia observed in mice with patent schistosome infections.

A Novel Approach to the Assessment of Variations in the Human Platelet Count

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
John James ◽  
Dianne Brown ◽  
Gordon Whyte ◽  
Mark Dean ◽  
Colin Chesterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
First Report ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Platelet Number ◽  
Genetically Determined

SummaryThis is the first report of a method to assess the significance of numerical changes in the platelet count based upon a result exceeding the normal intra-individual variation in platelet numbers. Serial platelet counts from 3,789 subjects were analysed to determine the intra-individual variation in platelet numbers. A platelet count difference of 98 × 109/L in males was found to represent a change that would occur by chance in less than 1 in 1,000 platelet count determinations. Tables to determine the significance of platelet number variations, given N previous observations, are provided at two probability levels. The repeatability of the platelet count was calculated as 0.871 (males) and 0.849 (females) indicating that the heritability of platelet count is high and that the platelet count is predominantly genetically determined. A seasonal variation in platelet count was found with a ‘winter’ versus ‘summer’ difference of 5.10 × 109/L (males) and 5.82 × 109/L (females).

Antibody Response to Schistosoma Mansoni Adult Worm Cysteine Proteinases in Infected Individuals

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Chappell ◽  
Marc H. Dresden ◽  
André M. Deelder ◽  
Bruno Gryseels
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases

scholarly journals Characterization of the humoral immune response to the EBV proteome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
Yomani D. Sarathkumara ◽  
John K. C. Chan ◽  
Yok-Lam Kwong ◽  
Tai Hing Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Associated Tumors

AbstractExtranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy that has been etiologically linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, with EBV gene transcripts identified in almost all cases. However, the humoral immune response to EBV in NKTCL patients has not been well characterized. We examined the antibody response to EBV in plasma samples from 51 NKTCL cases and 154 controls from Hong Kong and Taiwan who were part of the multi-center, hospital-based AsiaLymph case–control study. The EBV-directed serological response was characterized using a protein microarray that measured IgG and IgA antibodies against 202 protein sequences representing the entire EBV proteome. We analyzed 157 IgG antibodies and 127 IgA antibodies that fulfilled quality control requirements. Associations between EBV serology and NKTCL status were disproportionately observed for IgG rather than IgA antibodies. Nine anti-EBV IgG responses were significantly elevated in NKTCL cases compared with controls and had ORshighest vs. lowest tertile > 6.0 (Bonferroni-corrected P-values < 0.05). Among these nine elevated IgG responses in NKTCL patients, three IgG antibodies (all targeting EBNA3A) are novel and have not been observed for other EBV-associated tumors of B-cell or epithelial origin. IgG antibodies against EBNA1, which have consistently been elevated in other EBV-associated tumors, were not elevated in NKTCL cases. We characterize the antibody response against EBV for patients with NKTCL and identify IgG antibody responses against six distinct EBV proteins. Our findings suggest distinct serologic patterns of this NK/T-cell lymphoma compared with other EBV-associated tumors of B-cell or epithelial origin.

Schistosoma mansoni-specific rat T cell clones. II. Different effects of adult worm-specific T cell clones in immunocompetent and nude infected rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Pestel ◽  
Colette Dissous ◽  
Jacques Louis ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kusnierz ◽  
Martine Damonneville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
T Cell Clones ◽  
Cell Clones

The relationship between worm burden and levels of a circulating antigen (CAA) of five species of Schistosoma in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Agnew ◽  
A. J. C. Fulford ◽  
N. De Jonge ◽  
F. W. Krijger ◽  
M. Rodriguez-Chacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Robust Estimate ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThis study examines the ability of an assay which measures the amount of a schistosome specific antigen (CAA) in the host circulation to reliably reflect relative worm burden. Mice were infected with 5 species of schistosome with a range of infection dose. The levels of serum CAA increased during schistosome maturation. In all species tested CAA levels correlated well with adult worm burden once the parasites achieved sexual maturity and remained relatively stable during the establishment of egg production. The amount of CAA produced varied between species but within each species CAA levels were proportional to worm numbers: no density-dependent effects on CAA levels were observed even when mice carried worm burdens that were very large relative to host size. T-cell deprivation of the host had no effect on the CAA/worm burden relationship in either Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium infections and the CAA equilibrium was unaltered in intact mice when reduction of worm fecundity occurred. These data support the use of the CAA as an accurate and robust estimate of relative schistosome burden in man.

scholarly journals Genetic regulation of the antibody response to H-2Db alloantigens in mice. II. Tolerance to non-H-2 determinants abolishes the antibody response to H-2Db in B10.A(5R) mice.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Wernet ◽  
F Lilly
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Helper Function

B10.A(5R) mice (H-2i5), immunized with spleen cells from congenic B10 mice (H-2b), responded to alloantigens of the H-2Db region by producing antibodies of only IgM type. In contrast, they produced both IgM and IgG antibodies when immunized with noncongenic H-2b cells that carry other foreign cell surface antigens (non-H-2) in addition to H-2Db. A hypothesis was proposed comparing the H-2Db antigen on a congenic cell to a hapten on a nonimmunogenic carrier which fails to induce T-cell helper function responsible for the switch from IgM to IgG secretion in B cells. Data presented here confirmed this hypothesis. 5R mice rendered tolerant to the relevant non-H-2 antigens were unable to mount the anti-H-2Db IgG response in a noncongenic immunization. Tolerance induction did not lead to abrogation of the T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Platelet Mobilization Induced by PAF and Its Role in the Thrombocytosis Triggered by Adrenaline in Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto ◽  
Patricia T Bozza ◽  
Marco A Martins ◽  
Paulo M F L Dias ◽  
Patricia M R Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Platelet Number ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
Web 2086 ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

SummaryThe injection of PAP (6 μg/kg, i. v.) induced, in rats, haemoconcentration accompanied by an increase in the platelet number, as attested by the counts of platelets in blood samples diluted in formalin-free EDTA solution. This increase was significant at 15 min, peaked from 1 to 4 h and returned to basal levels 24 h after the lipid administration. The release of platelets induced by PAP was inhibited dose-dependently by specific PAP receptor antagonists such as WEB 2086 (0.5-2 mg/kg), BN 52021 and 48740 RP (5-25 mg/kg). Furthermore, platelet mobilization was clearly impaired in splenectomized animals stimulated by PAP, whereas thrombocytopenia and haemoconcentration by the same stimulus were intact. It was also noted that a second injection of PAP, 24 h after the initial stimulation with the lipid, failed to induce an increase in platelet counts, indicating autodesensitization. Desensitization to PAP or pretreatment with PAP antagonists clearly prevented the increase in the platelet counts after stimulation by adrenaline (15 μg/kg). These findings suggest that, in rats, PAP can induce release of platelets by a spleen-dependent mechanism and that this lipid may be relevant to the thrombocytosis triggered by adrenaline.

The Influence of Serotonin on Clot Retraction and the Thrombelastogram

1958 ◽  
Vol 02 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Deutsch ◽  
K Martiny
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Essential Value ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Free Plasma

Summary1. Normal platelets are necessary for induction of normal clot retraction.2. Serotonin does not induce retraction in human platelet-free plasma-clots or enhance clot firmness as measured in the coagulogram.3. Serotonin does not improve clot retraction or firmness in plasma clots with sub-optimal platelet counts.4. Methylserotonin inhibits clot retraction of platelet-rich plasma to a certain extent in moderate doses, whereas, high doses are ineffective. BOL 148 has a similar, but less significant action. There is a possibility that these effects are specific antiserotonin-effects.5. LSD 25 was ineffective in all concentrations used.6. Largactil and reserpin inhibit retraction in high doses. There seems to be a non specific effect caused by the high dose.7. Reserpine does not release a retraction-inducing agent from the platelets, which could be detected in the centrifuged platelet-free plasma used for the incubation.8. Serotonin does not replace the retraction-cofactor of Hartert, or the dialyzable factor of Lüscher in synthetic clotting substrates.9. Serotonin is of no essential value in inducing normal retraction of human plasma clots.

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