Effect of temperature onWolbachiadensity and impact on cytoplasmic incompatibility

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MOUTON ◽  
H. HENRI ◽  
M. BOULETREAU ◽  
F. VAVRE
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Host Development ◽  
Single Insect

The outcome and the evolution of host-symbiont associations depend on environmental constraints, but responses are difficult to predict since they arise from a complex interaction between the host, the parasite and the environment. The situation can be even more complex when multiple parasite genotypes, with potentially different responses to environmental changes, coexist within a single host. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the temperature (from 14 to 26 °C) during the host development on the density of 3 strains of the intracellular bacteriumWolbachiathat coexist within the waspLeptopilina heterotoma. In this species,Wolbachiainduces cytoplasmic incompatibility, a sperm-egg incompatibility that allows it to spread and persist in host populations. Using real-time quantitative PCR we found that (i)Wolbachiadensity is temperature-specific and highest at 26 °C; (ii) the order of the abundance of the 3Wolbachiastrains does not vary with temperature changes; (iii) the response of bacterial density to temperature occurs within a single insect generation, during the egg-to-adult developmental period; (iv) in this species, temperature-related changes inWolbachiadensity do not influence cytoplasmic incompatibility.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature changes and K supply on the reproduction and growth of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Christoph Bachofen ◽  
Yanjing Lou ◽  
Zhi Ding ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
K Concentration

Abstract Aims Climate warming and agricultural non-point source pollution both resulting from anthropogenic activities have been projected to affect plant reproduction and growth in wetlands worldwide. In order to predict and mitigate impacts of these anthropogenic activities, it is important to investigate how marsh plants respond to such environmental changes. Methods In this study, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, a tuberous sedge with a wide distribution range in Eurasia, was selected to examine the effect of air temperature changes (15, 20 and 25 °C over 24 h; 20/10 and 30/15 °C, day/night) and K supply (0, 1, 3, 9 and 18 mM) on its reproductive and growth traits in climate chambers. Important Findings We found that high constant temperatures (20 and 25 °C) were more beneficial for tuberization of B. planiculmis than high alternating temperatures (30/15 °C), whereas aboveground biomass and shoot height were generally largest at high temperatures (30/15 and 25 °C). Both reproductive and growth traits of B. planiculmis showed hump-shaped relationships with K supply, with an optimum K concentration of around 1–3 mM. The combination of high constant temperatures and optimal K concentrations promoted reproductive traits the most, whereas the combination of higher temperatures (30/15 and 25 °C) and K concentrations up to 9 mM increased growth traits only. We therefore conclude that population abundance of B. planiculmis might benefit from global warming and the additional K supply.

Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
K. M. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Physical Laws

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

The Effect of Temperature on Development and Diapause of the Horn Fly, Siphona irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Depner
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Single Host

Siphona irritans (L.), commonly known as the horn fly, is a serious pest of cattle. In southern Alberta, ten thousand flies have been counted on a single host animal. Properly conducted control studies require the establishment of a permanent laboratory colony. Previous attempts to establish such a colony had not been successful (McLintock and Depner, 1957) as more information about the biology of the fly was needed. The results presented in this paper will help provide this information.

scholarly journals Modeling the effect of temperature variability on malaria control strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Salisu M. Garba ◽  
Usman A. Danbaba
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Local Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

In this study, a non-autonomous (temperature dependent) and autonomous (temperature independent) models for the transmission dynamics of malaria in a population are designed and rigorously analysed. The models are used to assess the impact of temperature changes on various control strategies. The autonomous model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where an asymptotically-stable disease-free equilibrium (DFE) co-exists with an asymptotically-stable endemic equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon is shown to arise due to the presence of imperfect vaccines and disease-induced mortality rate. Threshold quantities (such as the basic offspring number, vaccination and host type reproduction numbers) and their interpretations for the models are presented. Conditions for local asymptotic stability of the disease-free solutions are computed. Sensitivity analysis using temperature data obtained from Kwazulu Natal Province of South Africa [K. Okuneye and A.B. Gumel. Mathematical Biosciences 287 (2017) 72–92] is used to assess the parameters that have the most influence on malaria transmission. The effect of various control strategies (bed nets, adulticides and vaccination) were assessed via numerical simulations.

Effect of temperature on the P4501A response in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) after oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375
Author(s):  
Even H Jørgensen ◽  
Johannes Wolkers
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In this study, the time-dependent P450 response to oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure at 1 and 10°C was investigated in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). In both seasons, a strong induction of CYP1A activities and protein levels (measured only in the winter experiment) were seen at both 1 and 10°C. At 1°C, the responses were delayed and more long-lasting than at 10°C. No within-season difference between 1 and 10°C in the magnitude of the induction response was found, but due to elevated baseline CYP1A activities, the induction response was seven times lower in winter- as compared with the response in summer-acclimated Arctic char. The results show that the CYP1A enzymes of the Arctic char respond to temperature changes in a compensatory way, and they are promising with respect to the applicability of the P450 enzyme system of the Arctic char as a biomarker for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in high-latitude environments. More studies are needed, however, to reveal seasonal differences in the biomarker response to pollutants.

Global Climate Change, Sustainability, and Some Challenges for Grape and Wine Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Grape Varieties

AbstractGrapevines are cultivated on six out of seven continents, between latitudes 4° and 51° in the Northern Hemisphere and between latitudes 6° and 45° in the Southern Hemisphere across a large diversity of climates (oceanic, warm oceanic, transition temperate, continental, cold continental, Mediterranean, subtropical, attenuated tropical, and arid climates). Accordingly, the range and magnitude of environmental factors differ considerably from region to region and so do the principal environmental constraints for grape production. The type, number, and magnitude of environmental constraints are currently undergoing changes due to shifts in climate patterns already observed for the past and predicted for the future. These changes are already affecting grape composition with observed changes in sugar and acidity concentrations. As with other components such as polyphenols or aroma compounds, their relationships to environmental changes are more difficult to quantify. In general, one can divide the expected climatic changes during the grape-ripening period into two scenarios: warmer and dryer and warmer and moister, with different responses for red and white grape varieties. The production challenges within this broad separation are vastly different, and the strategies to ensure a sustainable product need to be adapted accordingly. The economic impact of these changes is difficult to assess. An in-depth analysis is necessary to construct relevant scenarios and risk analysis for individual regions and to quantify the costs and/or benefits of regional climate developments. (JEL Classifications: Q1, Q54)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document