Natural occurrence of lethal aspergillosis in the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari:Ixodidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MIRANDA-MIRANDA ◽  
R. COSSIO-BAYUGAR ◽  
F. MARTÍNEZ-IBAÑEZ ◽  
R. CASASANERO-ORDUÑA ◽  
J. FOLCH-MALLOL
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to describe an unreported entomopathogenic fungus that naturally infects the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari: Ixodidae). Engorged female ticks, showed symptoms of fungal infection after controlled tick infestation of cattle. Infected ticks developed a distinctive dark colour, a pale mould grew over the cuticle and the ticks eventually died covered with fungal conidiophores. The responsible fungus was isolated and cultured on mycological medium and submitted to microscopic morphology, biochemical phenotyping and 18S rRNA ribotyping analyses, which identified it as aflatoxin-producingAspergillus flavus. Spores from the cultured fungus were experimentally sprayed over healthy engorged female ticks, obtaining an 80% prevalence of experimental infection of healthy ticks and their egg masses, the larval progeny after incubation under laboratory conditions was also infected. These results demonstrate thatA. flavusis the causative agent of the natural fungal disease of the cattle tickR. microplusdescribed here.

The spelling of pasture in cattle tick control

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

When two comparable herds of cattle were kept continuously in adjoining paddocks, frequent acaricidal treatment was necessary to control ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ). Thereafter, one of the two herds was grazed alternately in its own and an adjacent paddock, the intervals between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unoccupied paddock had died. Tick infestations on this herd were greatly reduced, and less frequent use of acaricides was necessary. The herd remaining in the continuously stocked pasture continued to need acaricidal treatment for recurring tick infestation. In a field trial with 350–400 cattle moved a t intervals to each of three formerly heavily infested paddocks, tick infestations remained very light, although the herd was dipped only In January, September, and the following January. A control herd on continuously stocked pasture, treated at the owner's discretion, required eight dippings in this period. This procedure of "pasture spelling" seems likely to be widely applicable in central Queensland.

scholarly journals Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) I. Food Intake and Body Weight Growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck ◽  
PH Springell ◽  
JC O'kelly
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Host Metabolism

This experiment was designed to measure the effects of infestation by B. microplus on cattle and to separate the effects of reduced food intake ("anorectic effect") from those due to the remaining factors of tick infestation ("specific effect"). Hereford cattle kept on a high-quality diet were studied over a treatment period of 11 weeks with the tick-infested animals being infested regularly with equal larval doses for each animal.

scholarly journals Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) II. Changes in Blood Composition

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'kelly ◽  
RM Seebeck ◽  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Host Metabolism

Changes in the blood composition of Hereford steers kept on a high. quality diet and infested with B. microplus were studied. The experiment was designed so that the effects on blood composition due to reduced feed intake ("anorectic effect") and those due to the remaining factors of tick infestation ("specific effect") could be independently estimated.

Observations on infestations of undipped cattle of British breeds with the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini).

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Tick Resistance

A small herd of cattle infested with the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was kept in a previously unstocked paddock for 11 months without treatment for tick infestation. Frequent examinations showed that widely differing numbers of ticks developed on the cattle. The "tick resistance" of one animal, which showed no adult ticks during the summer months, could only be accounted for by mortality of the larvae and nymphs on the animal, since as many larvae were seen on selected small areas of this animal as on some animals carrying many adult ticks. The animals grazed together and thus would encounter similar numbers of tick larvae. The degree of susceptibility to adult tick infestation showed negligible correlation with skin thickness measurements and was not related to coat length. Larvae reappeared on the cattle 6 weeks after the first stocking of the paddock in March. The animals became almost free of ticks for 2 weeks in August. Although larvae were most numerous in November-December, they gave rise to fewer adults than the earlier wave of larvae in September- October. Some of the cattle suffered from "tick-worry'' in October, but thereafter their condition improved without treatment.

A comparison of cattle tick control by "conventional" acaricidal treatment, planned dipping, and pasture spelling

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLS Harley ◽  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tick Burden ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Three comparable herds of cattle were grazed in a wet tropical area of north Queensland for the comparison of control measures against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. The cattle tick infestation of one herd was controlled by simulated "conventional" methods, the cattle receiving acaricidal treatment when the count of "standard" ticks (0.5 cm or more in length) on the right side averaged 20 or more per animal. The tick infestation of the second herd was controlled by dipping in acaricide at 21-day intervals, so that few of the tick larvae attaching to the cattle between dippings reached maturity. This was continued until the larval population in the pasture was greatly depleted. The procedure, for which the term planned dipping has been proposed, was repeated when the count of standard ticks on the right side averaged more than 20 per animal. The tick infestation of the third herd was controlled by grazing alternately in two adjacent paddocks, the interval between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unstocked paddock had died. Acaricidal treatment was applied at times of paddock changes and also at other times if the tick count was more than 20 per animal. This procedure is known as pasture spelling. Over the 2 years of the experiment, planned dipping and pasture spelling resulted in increased efficiency in tick control. In comparison with the herd given conventional tick control, planned dipping resulted in no reduction in the number of acaricidal treatments, but the tick burden was reduced by 79%. Pasture spelling resulted in the number of acaricidal treatments being reduced by 60% and the tick burden by 64%.

Ecology of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in subtropical Australia. II. Resistance of different breeds of cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Sutherst ◽  
GF Maywald ◽  
AS Bourne ◽  
ID Sutherland ◽  
DA Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Subtropical Australia

The resistance to the cattle tick, Boophilus mircoplus, of four herds of cattle with different Bos indicus (zebu) content, grazed at each of two locations in the subtropics of Queensland, Australia, was measured using artificial tick infestations at intervals of either 2 or 6 months over periods of up to 4 years. The factors affecting resistance of crossbred herds at each location in order of decreasing importance were the proportion of R. indicus genes, lactation, age interacting with nutritional conditions, a seasonal cycle which differed in timing at the two locations, and rainfall during the week of tick infestation. These variables accounted for 62% of the observed variation and the statistical model explained concurrent changes in resistance of other herds equally well. These findings are combined with data on the survival of freeliving stages of the ticks in a later paper to explain the observed variation in populations of cattle ticks on the untreated herds when grazing in separate pastures.

scholarly journals 126 Detection of fecal chemistry changes in cattle infested with the Southern Cattle Tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Brian T Rich ◽  
Pete D Teel ◽  
Donald B Thomas ◽  
Jay Angerer ◽  
Douglas R Tolleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Cattle Fever Ticks

Abstract Bovine babesiosis, a highly fatal tick-borne disease of cattle, was eliminated from the United States in the last century through tick eradication programs against 2 species of cattle fever ticks. The threat to the U.S. cattle industry continues through tick introductions from Mexico. The standard method of detecting Cattle Fever Ticks [Rhipicephalus (B.) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus] in the state-federal tick eradication program is physical examination of restrained cattle to find attached ticks. New methods of detecting tick-infested cattle could improve reliability and reduce animal stress. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in fecal chemistry induced by tick infestation was detectable using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Fecal samples were collected daily from 6 stanchioned Bos taurus yearling heifers (initial mean weight 163.3 kg +/- 4.7 kg) at the USDA Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Edinburg, TX, before, during, and after an infestation of 5000 R. (B.) microplus larvae. Cluster analyses were conducted using GRAMS IQ for NIR spectra in the 576–1126 nm range to test for fecal chemistry changes different from pre-infestation condition, and coincident with the biological phases of the tick infestation. The first three factors of spectral variation accounted for 87.87% of spectral variation among all samples. Factors 1, 2, and 3 had F-Ratios for the Reduced Eigenvalues of 941.59, 387.44, and 221.79, respectively. Three-dimensional analysis for these 3 factors shows shifts in sample clusters away from pre-infestation and coincident with progressive tick blood-feeding and post-infestation recovery. We conclude that fecal NIRS may provide a tool for detection of tick-infested cattle; however, further testing is needed to determine the sensitivity of detection on cattle with varying levels of tick burden, and a protocol developed and evaluated for fecal sampling under field conditions

scholarly journals PERSISTÊNCIA NO SOLO DE INÓCULO DE Beauveria bassiana EMPREGADO PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus EM PLANTIO DE Ilex paraguariensis

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Rolim Borges ◽  
Sônia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
Lívia Cardoso Bueno de Camargo ◽  
Lílian Mattos Kalinoski
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Wood Borer

O controle da broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus, limita-se ao emprego de práticas silviculturais e catação manual dos insetos adultos, não sendo permitido o uso de inseticidas químicos na cultura. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos verificar a presença natural de Beauveria bassiana no solo de plantio em monocultura de erva-mate, determinar a persistência de B. bassiana no solo após duas e três aplicações do fungo e averiguar a influência de fatores abióticos na estabilidade do fungo no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em um erval no município de Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brasil, onde foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas áreas, para avaliação da presença natural de inóculos do fungo B. bassiana, procedendo-se à contagem, isolamento e identificação.Não foi detectada a ocorrência natural do fungo no solo em nenhuma das duas áreas. Após essa confirmação, foram realizadas pulverizações com B. bassiana em ambas as áreas, sendo que em uma ocorreram duas e na outra três aplicações. Após a última pulverização, realizada em fevereiro/2006, verificou-se que os inóculos do fungo persistiram por 90 dias na área com duas aplicações e 120 dias na área com três aplicações. A temperatura afetou a persistência do fungo no solo em ambas as áreas, mas a umidade relativa não mostrou influência sobre os inóculos em campo.Palavras-chave: Broca-da-erva-mate; controle biológico; epizootia; fungo entomopatogênico. AbstractPersistence in soil of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana used to control Hedypathes betulinus in yerba maté plantation, Ilex paraguariensis. Control measures of Hedypathes betulinus are restricted to agricultural practices and hand picking of adult insects. No chemical control is allowed in yerba maté cultivation areas. The objectives of this research were to verify the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the soil of yerba maté in monoculture; to determine the persistence of inoculums in the soil after applications of the fungus; and to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on fungus stability in the soil. The soil samples were taken from two experimental areas in a yerba maté plantation in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in order to count, isolate and identify inoculums of B. bassiana and other fungi. After the confirmation that B. bassiana was not present in the soil, a suspension of the fungus was applied, twice in one of the areas and three times in the other. After the last application in February/2006, the inoculum persisted for 90 and 120 days, in the area with two and three applications, respectively. The temperature affected the persistence of B. bassiana in soil; however, the relative humidity did not.Keywords: Biological control; epizooty; entomopathogenic fungus; wood borer. 

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