Haemogregarines of freshwater turtles from Southeast Asia with a description ofHaemogregarina sacaliaesp. n. and a redescription ofHaemogregarina pellegriniLaveran and Pettit, 1910

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
NELA DVOŘÁKOVÁ ◽  
JANA KVIČEROVÁ ◽  
MARTIN HOSTOVSKÝ ◽  
PAVEL ŠIROKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Morphological Species

SUMMARYThe uniform morphology of the developmental stages ofHaemogregarinaspecies and the insufficient information supplied by the simplistic descriptions of previous authors complicates their differential diagnosis and proper species identification. In this study, we detectedHaemogregarinaspp. in 6 out of 22 (27·2%) examined turtles originating from Southeast Asia,Malayemys subtrijuga(n= 4),Sacalia quadriocellata(n= 1) andPlatysternon megacephalum(n= 1), and compared them with the available literature data. Microscopic analysis of our isolates distinguished 2 morphological species,Haemogregarina pellegriniand one new species, being described in this paper asHaemogregarina sacaliaesp. n. Phylogenetic analyses based on 1210 bp long fragment of 18S rDNA sequences placed both haemogregarines firmly within the monophyleticHaemogregarinaclade. Isolates ofH. pellegrinifrom 2 distantly related turtle hosts,M. subtrijugaandP. megacephalum, were genetically identical. Despite the fact that numerousHaemogregarinaspecies of turtles have been described, the incompleteness of the morphological data and relatively low host specificity provides the space for large synonymy within this taxon. Therefore, a complex approach combining microscopic analyses together with molecular-genetic methods should represent the basic standard for all taxonomic studies.

Generic classification of some more hyphomycetes with solitary conidia borne on phialides

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1570-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gams ◽  
K O'Donnell ◽  
H -J Schroers ◽  
M Christensen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Morphological Species

Unlike most phialide-producing fungi that liberate a multiplicity of conidia from each conidiogenous cell, only single conidia are formed on phialide-like conidiogenous cells in Aphanocladium, Verticimonosporium, and some species of Sibirina. A group of isolates obtained from soil of native Artemisia tridentata (sagebrush) grassland in Wyoming and from desert soil in Iraq is compared with these genera and classified as a fourth genus, Stanjemonium, honouring Stanley J. Hughes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial nuclear small- (18S) and large-subunit (28S) rDNA sequences indicate that Stanjemonium spp. form a monophyletic group with Emericellopsis. Sequences from the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA were too conserved to resolve morphological species of Stanjemonium; however, phylogenetic analysis of b-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1a gene exons and introns resolved all species distinguished morphologically. Numerous conidiogenous cells or denticles are scattered along the cells of aerial hyphae in Aphanocladium and Stanjemonium spp., very rapidly collapsing into denticles in the former, somewhat more persistent and leaving broad scars in the latter. In Cladobotryum-Sibirina and Verticimonosporium spp., conidiogenous cells are discrete in terminal and intercalary whorls; phialides of the latter taxon are particularly swollen. The taxonomy of Aphanocladium is not yet resolved. Two species are recognized in Verticimonosporium. Three new species of Stanjemonium are described, and one new combination from Aphanocladium is proposed, along with one new species of Cladobotryum.Key words: Aphanocladium, Cladobotryum, conidiogenesis, hyphomycetes, molecular phylogeny, phialide, Stanjemonium, systematics, Verticimonosporium.

Haemogregarines from western Palaearctic freshwater turtles (generaEmys, Mauremys) are conspecific withHaemogregarina stepanowiDanilewsky, 1885

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
NELA DVOŘÁKOVÁ ◽  
JANA KVIČEROVÁ ◽  
IVO PAPOUŠEK ◽  
HOSSEIN JAVANBAKHT ◽  
GHOULEM TIAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Western Palaearctic

SUMMARYThe majority ofHaemogregarinaspecies have been based on the morphology of their erythrocytic stages and supposed strict host specificity. The quantity of species with a limited number of overlapping diagnostic traits has led to a considerable mess in haemogregarine taxonomy and significant synonymy. We analysed host specificity, intra- and interspecific variability, evolutionary relationships, and the distribution of the type species of the genusHaemogregarina–H. stepanowi.The morphology of blood stages and 18S rDNA sequences of this haemogregarine from four western Palaearctic hard-shelled freshwater turtles (Emys orbicularis, Mauremys caspica, Mauremys leprosaandMauremys rivulata) were compared withHaemogregarina balli. Additional sequences of 18S rDNA ofHaemogregarina-like isolates collected from three species of African hinged terrapins (genusPelusios) were used to enlarge the dataset for phylogenetic analyses. Thirteen sequences (1085 bp) ofHaemogregarinarepresenting all four western Palaearctic turtle species were identical, corresponding toH. stepanowi, which is closely related to the Nearctic speciesH. balli. In our analyses,Haemogregarinaspp. constituted a monophyletic clade sister to the genusHepatozoon. Haemogregarina stepanowipossesses a wide distribution range from the Maghreb, through Europe, Turkey and the Middle East to Iran. We consider that the genusHaemogregarinahas a low host specificity crossing the family level of its vertebrate hosts and that its distribution is likely to be linked to the vector and definitive host – the leech.

Phylogenetic relationships of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA sequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Wiegmann ◽  
Kenneth P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractCyclorrhaphan Diptera are an extremely successful clade of ecologically and phylogenenetically important flies. Despite their significance the relationships among lower cyclorrhaphans ('Aschiza') remain controversial in spite of several morphologically based phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of 28S rDNA for taxa representing all lower cyclorrhaphan families (except Ironomyiidae), four schizophoran families, and seven empidoid out-group taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of these data strongly supports a monophyletic Cyclorrhapha (including the enigmatic taxon Opetia nigra) that is divided into two clades - a well-supported Eumuscomorpha (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae + Schizophora), and a weakly-supported Platypezoidea (all non-Eumuscomorpha). Consequently, the former grouping known as Aschiza, which included syrphids and pipunculids, is not a valid monophyletic clade. Within Platypezoidea, most of our analyses place Lonchopteridae as sister group to Opetiidae, and strongly support the monophyly of Sciadoceridae + Phoridae. Among the Eumuscomorpha we do not recover the monophyly of Syrphoidea (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae). Instead, all analyses place Pipunculidae as the sister group to Schizophora. This novel finding has never been proposed based on morphological data and will require more data (both molecular and morphological) and taxa to confirm.

Exploring species diversity of lissorchiid trematodes (Digenea: Lissorchiidae) associated with the gravel snail, Lithoglyphus naticoides, in European freshwaters

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Petkevičiūtė ◽  
G. Stanevičiūtė ◽  
V. Stunžėnas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Lithoglyphus Naticoides

Abstract Comparative analysis using complete ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA sequence data revealed that cercariaeum developing in rediae in Lithoglyphus naticoides represent two different lissorchiid species. One morphotype of cercariaeum is conspecific with adult Palaeorchis incognitus from European roach, Rutilus rutilus. The other cercariaeum is attributable to the genus Asymphylodora, but the species identity is not yet determined. We also generate the first rDNA sequences for Asymphylodora progenetica based on new collections from Bithynia tentaculata from Lithuania. Phylogenetic analyses of the newly generated sequences, together with information for other lissorchiids available on GenBank, showed that all representatives of Lissorchiidae form a strongly supported clade. Three monophyletic lineages, Asymphylodora, Palaeorchis and Lissorchis, were recognized at the generic level. Karyological analysis of the chromosome set of larval P. incognitus revealed a diploid number of 2n = 20. Its karyotype with subtelocentric chromosomes prevailing can be regarded as comparatively ‘primitive’, which is consistent with the basal position of P. incognitus in the 28S tree relative to the representatives of the genus Asymphylodora. The present study adds significant new information for establishing species-specific markers for the confident characterization of different developmental stages of lissorchiid species and clarification of their life cycles.

Additions to the lizard diversity of the Horn of Africa: Two new species in the Agama spinosa group

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Wagner ◽  
Adam Leaché ◽  
Tomáš Mazuch ◽  
Wolfgang Böhme
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Two New Species

The Horn of Africa is a center of diversity for African agamid lizards. Among the nine species of Agama occurring in the Horn of Africa, Agama spinosa is the most widely distributed. The A. spinosa group (sensu stricto, morphologically defined by possessing six clusters of spinose scales around the ear) contains two species: A. spinosa occurs from Egypt to Ethiopia and Somalia where it is replaced by the morphologically distinct and therefore sensu lato A. bottegi. Both species are only represented in museum collections by a small number of specimens from Ethiopia and Somalia, presumably the result of constant civil war that has plagued the region for decades and impeded field surveys. In this study, we examine species limits in the A. spinosa group using molecular genetic data (503 characters; mitochondrial 16S rRNA) and morphological data (67 characters). Deep divisions among populations of A. spinosa are supported by phylogenetic analyses and by multivariate analyses of morphometric data. Two new species from northern Somalia that differ from A. spinosa and A. bottegi are described. Furthermore, A. smithi, currently recognized as a synonym of A. agama, is re-assessed and recognized as a species of uncertain taxonomic position (i.e., incertae sedis). The results of this study improve our understanding of the evolution of agamid lizard diversity in the Horn of Africa, a significant biodiversity hotspot in Africa.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic reassessment of the widespread agamid lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) (Squamata, Agamidae) across South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 669-696
Author(s):  
Gaurang Gowande ◽  
Saunak Pal ◽  
Daniel Jablonski ◽  
Rafaqat Masroor ◽  
Pushkar U. Phansalkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
Multiple Species

Abstract The genus Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Agamidae: Draconinae) is highly diverse, with species occurring in South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Most species of the subfamily except C. versicolor have narrow geographic distributions. Calotes versicolor is distributed from western Iran in the west to south China and Indonesia in the east and has been introduced to parts of Africa and North America. The species has had a complicated taxonomic history; multiple species and subspecies related to C. versicolor were described from India and adjoining regions, which were synonymized in subsequent revisions. However, a study of Burmese C. versicolor yielded two new species, C. htunwini and C. irawadi, indicating that C. versicolor is a species complex. Such integrative taxonomic studies have not been carried out in India, the supposed type locality of C. versicolor. Hence, we studied C. versicolor sensu lato from the Indian subcontinent and generated sequences of mitochondrial 16S and COI fragments from tissues sampled from multiple localities in the region, including the type localities of its synonyms. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four well-supported, deeply-divergent lineages, supported by morphological data. These lineages represent (i) C. versicolor sensu stricto, from South India and parts of the east coast, (ii) C. irawadi sensu lato from northeast India and Southeast Asia, (iii) a synonym from the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains which we resurrect here, and (iv) a subspecies from Pakistan which we elevate to species level. We provide re-descriptions for the resurrected or elevated species, and a diagnostic key to the species of the C. versicolor complex. The study shows that C. versicolor sensu stricto is endemic to parts of southern and eastern India, and not widely distributed, though it may have been introduced to other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Morphological, Morphometrical and Molecular Characterization of Oscheius siddiqii Tabassum and Shahina, 2010 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India with Its Taxonomic Consequences for the Subgenus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Swati Gautum ◽  
Aasha Rana ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

An insect parasitic nematode belonging to the genus Oscheius was recovered from the agricultural soils from the Hapur district in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Morphological studies on this species exhibited its high resemblance with two Pakistani species: Oscheius siddiqii and O. niazii. No molecular data are available for these taxa but, morphologically, both species do not differ significantly from our strains and each other. Hence, these nematodes can be considered conspecific, and the correct name for this taxon is O. siddiqii, the first described species. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-, 18S-, and the 28S rDNA sequences showed that O. siddiqii is a sister taxon to the group formed by Oscheius microvilli, O. myriophilus, O. safricanus, and several unidentified Oscheius species. Additionally, our analyses show that based on molecular and morphological data, the species Oscheius rugaoensis and O. microvilli cannot be distinguished from O. chongmingensis and O. myriophilus, respectively, and are thus considered junior synonyms of these taxa. Furthermore, the available data are not sufficient to evaluate the status of Oscheius basothovii and O. safricanus, which are, in consequence, considered species inquirendae. These findings highlight the necessity of the proper morphological and molecular characterisation of the described Oscheius species.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial markers COI, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA for six species of Iranian scorpions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Soltan-Alinejad ◽  
Javad Rafinejad ◽  
Farrokh Dabiri ◽  
Piero Onorati ◽  
Olle Terenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
12S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Abstract Objectives Annually, 1.2 million humans are stung by scorpions and severely affected by their venom. Some of the scorpion species of medical importance have a similar morphology to species with low toxicity. To establish diagnostic tools for surveying scorpions, the current study was conducted to generate three mitochondrial markers, Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI gene), 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA for six species of medically important Iranian scorpions: Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta saulcyi, Mesobuthus caucasicus, M. eupeus, Odontobuthus doriae, and Scorpio maurus. Results Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained sequences corroborated the morphological identification. For the first time, 12S rDNA sequences are reported from Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta saulcyi, Mesobuthus caucasicus and M. eupeus and also the 16S rDNA sequence from Hottentotta saulcyi. We conclude that the mitochondrial markers are useful for species determination among these medically important species of scorpions.

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

scholarly journals Cloning, Characterization, and RNA Interference Effect of the UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Pyrophosphorylase Gene in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Yuan-Jin Zhou ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Shang-Wei Li ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Jia-Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Key Enzyme

The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a major pest of rice and is difficult to control. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) is a key enzyme in the chitin synthesis pathway in insects. In this study, the UAP gene from C. medinalis (CmUAP) was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of CmUAP is 1788 bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 1464 nucleotides that encodes 487 amino acids. Homology and phylogenetic analyses of the predicted protein indicated that CmUAP shared 91.79%, 87.89%, and 82.75% identities with UAPs of Glyphodes pyloalis, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Heortia vitessoides, respectively. Expression pattern analyses by droplet digital PCR demonstrated that CmUAP was expressed at all developmental stages and in 12 tissues of C. medinalis adults. Silencing of CmUAP by injection of double-stranded RNA specific to CmUAP caused death, slow growth, reduced feeding and excretion, and weight loss in C. medinalis larvae; meanwhile, severe developmental disorders were observed. The findings suggest that CmUAP is essential for the growth and development of C. medinalis, and that targeting the CmUAP gene through RNAi technology can be used for biological control of this insect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document