Spirocerca vulpissp. nov. (Spiruridae: Spirocercidae): description of a new nematode species of the red fox,Vulpes vulpes(Carnivora: Canidae)

AbstractPrevious studies have reported nematodes of the Spirocercidae family in the stomach nodules of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) described asSpirocercasp. orSpirocerca lupi(Rudolphi, 1819). We characterized spirurid worms collected from red foxes and compared them toS. lupifrom domestic dogs by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Nematodes from red foxes differed fromS. lupiby the presence of six triangular teeth-like buccal capsule structures, which are absent in the latter. Additionally, in female worms from red foxes, the distance of the vulva opening to the anterior end and the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus lengths were larger than those ofS. lupi(P< 0.006). In males, the lengths of the whole oesophagus and glandular part, the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus and the comparison of the oesophagus to the total body length were smaller inS. lupi(allP< 0.044). Phylogenetic analyses revealed thatS. lupiand the red foxes spirurid represent monophyletic sister groups with pairwise nucleotide distances of 9.2 and 0.2% in the cytochrome oxidase 1 and 18S genes, respectively. Based on these comparisons, the nematodes from red foxes were considered to belong to a separate species, for which the nameSpirocerca vulpissp. nov. is proposed.

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Description of Xiphinema hangzhouense sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the rhizosphere of Magnolia grandiflora in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 67-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruihang Cai ◽

Munawar Maria ◽

Eda Marie Barsalote ◽

Sergei A. Subbotin ◽

Jingwu Zheng

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Total Body Length ◽

28S Rrna ◽

New Taxon ◽

Magnolia Grandiflora ◽

Statistical Support ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Total Body ◽

High Statistical Support

Xiphinema hangzhouensesp. n. is described from the rhizosphere ofMagnolia grandiflorain Hangzhou, China. The new species is characterised by having a monodelphic reproductive system, slim body, total stylet = 186-192μm long and vulva located anteriorly at 27.6-31.2% of total body length. The new species has a gonad 400-450μm long with a simple uterus and no Z-organ. The female tail is elongated conoid with a rounded terminus. The species has four juvenile stages and no male was found. The polytomous identification codes ofX. hangzhouensesp. n. are A1, B4, C2, D23, E12, F2, G2, H2, I23, J2, K2, L1. The new species is morphologically similar toX. winotoi. Phylogenetic analyses of the 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, 18S rRNA and partialCOIgene sequences ofX. hangzhouensesp. n. and some closely relatedXiphinemaspecies revealed that the new taxon clustered with high statistical support withX. radicicolaandX. setariae.

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Lophyra flexuosa (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in desert countries: morphological variability in geographic aspect as potential beginning of speciation?

ARPHA Conference Abstracts ◽

10.3897/aca.2.e46569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Radomir Jaskuła ◽

Axel Schwerk ◽

Mateusz Płóciennik

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Western Europe ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Head Width ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Altitudinal Distribution ◽

Separate Species ◽

Body Sizes ◽

Total Body

Lophyra flexuosa is one of only several eurytopic tiger beetles species known from Palearctic realm. Its geographical distribution shows several populations that are spread from the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, across some regions of south-western Europe and northern Africa to Israel and Syria. The species is characterized by long phenological activity, wide altitudinal distribution, and occurs in the highest number of habitats among all Cicindelidae known from Maghreb region. In the present study the geographical variation in morphology and sexual dimorphism in north African populations of L. flexuosa was studied. In total 52 samples with over 700 specimens were collected including 20 samples in Morocco and 32 in Tunisia. To test the variation in morphometric traits measurements of eight body parameters were taken from all males (383) and females (352) including right mandible length, length of head, width of head, length of pronotum, maximum pronotum width, length of elytra, maximum elytra width, and total body length. We discovered significant sexual dimorphism expressed by larger body size of females and longer mandibles in males, what can be explained by different roles of particular sexes in courtship. Moreover, we recorded significant differences in body sizes between western and eastern Maghreb populations which can suggest genetic isolation between these populations. As the species is related to habitats placed close to water reservoirs, which in the desert countries are under significant human pressure (including climate change), we expect an reduction of habitats occupied by this taxon. Therefore, the geographic morphological variability that we observe today in the tiger beetle Lophyra flexuosa may lead to speciation and creation of separate species in the future.

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Is there a host sex bias in intestinal nematode parasitism of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) at Obedska bara pond, Serbia?

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2018-0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 247-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Čabrilo ◽

V. M. Jovanović ◽

O. Bjelić Čabrilo ◽

I. Budinski ◽

J. Blagojević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Sex Bias ◽

Parasite Abundance ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

Host Sex ◽

Infection Parameters ◽

Nematode Parasitism ◽

Total Body

Summary Fifty-one yellow-necked mice from the Obedska bara locality were analysed for the presence of intestinal nematode parasites in order to assert whether there was a host sex bias in infection. Previous research indicated that males would be the more infected sex, either due to the immunosuppressive effect of testosterone or their different allocation of resources towards immune defence. Quantitative infection parameters were compared between host sexes for all nematode species and nematodes in general. In addition, the influence of host sex, age, total body length, body mass and presence of other nematode species on parasite abundance was analysed. No statistically significant differences between males and females were noted for any of the studied quantitative parameters, leading to an absence of sex-biased parasitism in this study.

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Fat deposition and seasonal variation in body composition of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z98-234 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Roy K Winstanley ◽

William A Buttemer ◽

Glen Saunders

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Protein Content ◽

Body Fat ◽

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Male Body ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Body Protein ◽

Fat Reserves ◽

Total Body

We evaluated body composition of 165 adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) collected monthly from August 1995 to July 1996 in New South Wales, Australia. Total body fat content and estimated protein content were determined as a percentage of skinned body mass (SBM) using chemical analysis of homogenized samples. Mean percent body fat varied significantly over the year (P < 0.001) and differed significantly between the sexes in each month (P = 0.039). Male body fat reserves peaked at 13% of SBM in June, prior to breeding, and female body fat peaked at 16% of SBM in July during gestation. Body fat reserves declined rapidly in both sexes from September through November, reaching average values of 3-4% SBM by the time of weaning (November). Estimates of total body protein content varied significantly over the year (P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly between the sexes (P = 0.745). Protein content was lowest but stable at 21-22% of SBM from August to November and increased rapidly by December. Protein content then remained stable at 23-25% of SBM from January through July. The low body protein content in August through November corresponds to the decline in body fat reserves of foxes. These foxes appear to accumulate fat and protein reserves throughout the non-reproductive phase of their annual cycle and then deplete these stores during their reproductive period.

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Extraintestinal nematodes of the red foxVulpes vulpesin north-west Italy

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x1400025x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 506-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M. Magi ◽

L. Guardone ◽

M.C. Prati ◽

W. Mignone ◽

F. Macchioni

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Spirocerca Lupi ◽

North West ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

Wide Group ◽

Capillaria Boehmi ◽

Domestic Carnivores

AbstractExtraintestinal nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) are a wide group of parasites that infect wild and domestic carnivores and occasionally humans. Nematodes in the cardiopulmonary system, stomach, urinary apparatus and muscle tissue of 165 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from north-west Italy (Liguria and Piedmont) were investigated between 2009 and 2012. Of the cardiopulmonary nematodes, a high prevalence ofAngiostrongylus vasorumandEucoleus aerophilus(syn.Capillaria aerophila) was found, 78.2% and 41.8% respectively;Crenosoma vulpis(15.8%) andFilaroidesspp. (4.8%) were also found.Spirocerca lupi(23.5%),Aonchotheca putorii(syn.Capillaria putorii) (8.6%) andPhysalopteraspp. (2.5%) were detected in the stomach andPearsonema plica(syn.Capillaria plica) (56.8%) in the bladder.Eucoleus boehmi(syn.Capillaria boehmi)was also detected in the nasal cavities of one of the two foxes examined. A coprological examination revealed eggs ofE. aerophilus,A. putorii,S. lupi,Physalopteraspp. and eggs of intestinal parasites. Filarial worms were absent in all the 165 animals examined, nor was there evidence ofTrichinellaspp. in any of the foxes. The foxes were found to host a high prevalence of many species of extraintestinal nematodes. The prevalence ofA. vasorumin foxes found in the present study is among the highest in Europe. In addition, to the best of our knowledge,E. boehmiandFilaroidesspp. have never been reported before in this host in Italy.

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First report of an egg-predator nemertean worm in crabs from the south-eastern Pacific coast: Carcinonemertes camanchaco sp. nov

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98650-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Verónica Leiva ◽

Luis Ñacari ◽

Juan Antonio Baeza ◽

María Teresa González

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Southeastern Pacific ◽

Northeastern Pacific ◽

Males And Females ◽

Total Body ◽

Commercial Crabs

AbstractNemertean worms belonging to the genus Carcinonemertes have been tied to the collapse of crab fisheries in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. A new species is described from egg masses of two commercial crabs, Cancer porteri and Romaleon setosum, inhabiting the central-north Chilean coast. This is the first species of Carcinonemertes described from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Total body length of Carcinonemertes camanchaco sp. nov. ranged from 2.38 to 4.93 and from 4.29 to 8.92 mm, in males and females, respectively. Among others, traits that distinguish this new species from other previously described congeneric species include: presence of two gonad rows on each side of the intestine, a simple (not decorated) mucus sheath, and a relatively wide stylet basis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses distinguished this new species from all other species of Carcinonemertes with available cox1 sequences in GenBank. Prevalence and mean (± SD) intensity of C. camanchaco sp. nov. was 24% and 2.6 (± 2.07) worms per egg mass in C. porteri and 38.1% and 3.8 (± 2.4) worms per egg mass in R. setosum. The formal description of this new species represents the first step towards the understanding of this worm's impact on the health of crab fisheries in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.

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Morphological and molecular characterisation of Pratylenchus rwandae n. sp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) associated with maize in Rwanda

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 781-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh ◽

Alliance Nyiragatare ◽

Toon Janssen ◽

Marjolein Couvreur ◽

Wilfrida Decraemer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Variable Number ◽

The Body ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Lateral Lines ◽

Unidentified Species ◽

Total Body ◽

Tail Tip

Summary Pratylenchus rwandae n. sp., a root-lesion nematode associated with maize (Zea mays) from Rwanda, is described. This new species is characterised by females of medium to large size (469-600 μm) having an offset lip region with three annuli, stylet of 13-14.6 μm long with prominent rounded or anteriorly concave knobs, short to long pharyngeal gland overlap of 10.9-34.7 μm long, variable number of lateral lines (4-14) in different regions of the body, lateral field consisting of smooth bands, oval to slightly rounded spermatheca, vulva located at 75-80% of the total body length, post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 20.3-26.5 μm long, tail subcylindrical to conoid with variation in tail tip shape from rounded to truncate or indented with generally smooth tip, and male unknown. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S, partial 18S and ITS of rDNA and COI of mitochondrial DNA indicate that P. rwandae n. sp. is a species within the Penetrans group and appears as a sister species to a group comprising P. convallariae, P. dunensis, P. fallax, P. oleae, P. penetrans, P. pinguicaudatus, and three other unidentified species. A comparison of important morphological characters of the closely related Pratylenchus spp. is provided.

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Two remarkable pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitizing orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Sumatra (Indonesia) including Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n.sp.

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-008-0033-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 162-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. Foitová ◽

V. Baruš ◽

I. Hodová ◽

B. Koubková ◽

W. Nurcahyo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Body Length ◽

Anterior Extremity ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Pongo Abelii ◽

Total Body ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractTwo species of pinworms (Enterobiinae) were collected from fresh faeces of semi-wild orangutans Pongo abelii Lesson living in northern Sumatra (Indonesia). The female of Enterobius (Enterobius) buckleyi Sandosham, 1950 is redescribed. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi n. sp. is described on the basis of females (no males are available) and distinguished from L. (P.) nycticebi (Baylis, 1928) by cephalic and mouth morphology (head and teeth superstructures), body (9.85–15.46 mm) and tail (2.34–2.95 mm) length, smaller eggs (48–56 x 22–28 μm), longer vulva distance from anterior extremity (2.05–3.09 mm) and other features. Characteristic is the total body length/oesophagus length ratio (1: 15.3–22.0). Both nematode species were studied using scanning electron microscopy for the first time.

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Visceral Lesions in Wild Carnivores Naturally Infected with Spirocerca lupi

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098587801500306 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 322-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. B. Pence ◽

J. E. Stone

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽

Thoracic Vertebrae ◽

Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Spirocerca Lupi ◽

Felis Rufus ◽

West Texas ◽

Spondylosis Deformans ◽

Aortic Lesions

Aortic lesions pathognomonic for Spirocerca lupi were found in 123 of 150 (82%) coyotes. Canis latrans. 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats. Felis rufus, one of five gray foxes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus and one of two red foxes. Vulpes vulpes, examined in West Texas. Adult nematodes in the esophagus were recovered from 11 of 150 (7%) coyotes. In the aorta there was initially an acute inflammatory response followed by an eosinophilic granuloma surrounding larval nematodes. The principal lesion was scarring of the aorta with replacement of clastic tissue with collagen. There was blockage of the intervertebral arteries, pitting and formation of granulomatous nodules on the intimal surface and scarring with diverticula and aneurysms in affected animals. The response to adult nematodes in the esophagus was usually a small eosinophilic granuloma surrounding the worms. There was no evidence of esophageal sarcoma or spondylosis deformans of thoracic vertebrae as reported in the dog.

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Bursaphelenchus posterovulvus sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002772 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 403-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianfeng Gu ◽

Ning Wang ◽

Jie He ◽

Jiangling Wang ◽

Xianfeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Body Length ◽

Excretory Pore ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Precloacal Papilla ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Female Tail ◽

Total Body

Bursaphelenchus posterovulvussp. n., isolated in Ningbo, P.R. China, from non-coniferous packaging wood from Singapore is described. It is characterised by a slim body (a = 24-43), lip region strongly offset, stylet with prominent and strongly sclerotised basal swellings, lateral field with four lines, excretory pore located at level of median bulb, hemizonid 30-40 μm posterior to excretory pore, vulva at 82-86% of total body length, post-uterine branch extending forcatwo-thirds of vulva-anus distance, female tail conical and short (c′ = 2.3-3.0) with a pointed terminus, spicules short (11-16 μm) and slightly arcuate, rostrum blunt and relatively short, dorsal and ventral limbs conspicuous and their distal ends separated, three pairs of ventro-sublateral papillae and a single precloacal papilla. The new species is distinguished from otherBursaphelenchusspecies by morphology, ITS-RFLP patterns and phylogenetic analyses.

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