Integrative description of Diosaccus koreanus sp. nov. (Hexanauplia, Harpacticoida, Miraciidae) and integrative information on further Korean species

A new species of Diosaccus Boeck, 1873 (Arthropoda, Hexanauplia, Harpacticoida) was recently discovered in Korean waters. The species was previously recognized as D. ezoensis Itô, 1974 in Korea but, here, is described as a new species, D. koreanussp. nov., based on the following features: 1) second inner seta on exopod of fifth thoracopod apparently longest in female, 2) outer margin of distal endopodal segment of second thoracopod ornamented with long setules in male, 3) caudal seta VII located halfway from base of rami (vs. on anterior extremity in D. ezoensis), and 4) sixth thoracopod with three setae in female (vs. 2 setae in D. ezoensis). In addition, there is also a mitochondrial COI sequence difference of more than 19.93% with D. ezoensis registered in NCBI. A key to Diosaccus species of the world is also provided, and new morphological features and DNA sequences are presented for two other harpacticoid species, Parathalestris verrucosa Itô, 1970 and Peltidium quinquesetosum Song & Yun, 1999. In order to clearly identify harpacticoids at the species level, both morphological and DNA sequence characteristics should be considered.

Studi Osifikasi dan Morfokinetik Berudu Katak Rana catesbeiana Shaw. dengan Alizarin Red

Tadpole is a phase of frog metamorphosis. The frog tadpoles live in water, before the anterior extremities and posterior extremities are formed. Posterior limb growth is accompanied by calcifications and the anterior extremity followed by shortening of the tadpole tail. The aim research was to determine the ossification and morphokinetics of tadpoles in the posterior extremities, anterior limbs and tadpole tail shrinkage. The frog tadpoles do not have legs and move using tails. The research method uses descriptive quantitative techniques. The tadpoles were used a 4-month-old metamorphosis result. The bones have happened ossification that are marked by a change in the color of the bone to purplish red. The frog tadpoles develop in two phases, including the embryonic phase and the larval phase. The formation of hind limbs occurs in stages of 26-30, followed by toe development in stages of 31-37. The anterior extremities are corroded: the humerus os, the radio –ulna os, the os metacarpal and the falangs os, the posterior limb: the femoral os, the tibio-fibular os, the tarsal os and the metatarsal os. Keywords: Tadpoles, Ossification, extremities ABSTRAK Berudu merupakan salah satu fase dari metamorfosis katak. Berudu katak hidup di air, sebelum ekstremitas anterior dan ekstremitas posterior terbentuk. Pertumbuhan ekstremitas posterior dibarengi dengan kalsifikasi dan ekstremitas anterior diikuti dengan memendeknya ekor berudu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui osifikasi dan morfokinetik berudu bagian ekstremitas posterior, ekstremitas anterior dan penyusutan ekor berudu. Berudu katak tidak memiliki kaki dan bergerak menggunakan ekor. Metoda penelitian menggunakan Teknik kuantitatif deskriptif. Berudu yang digunakan adalah hasil metamorfosis usia 4 bulan. Tulang yang telah mengalami osifikasi ditandai dengan adanya perubahan warna pada tulang menjadi merah keunguan. Berudu katak mengalami perkembangan dalam dua fase, meliputi fase embrio dan fase larva. Terbentuknya kaki belakang terjadi pada tahap 26-30, dilanjutkan dengan terbentuknya jari kaki (toe development) pada tahap 31-37. Ekstremitas anterior yang terosifikasi : os humerus, os radio-ulna, os metacarpal dan os falangs, ekstremitas posterior : os femur, os tibio-fibula, os tarsal dan os metatarsal. Kata Kunci : Berudu, Osifikasi, Ekstremitas

Analisis Struktur Skeleton Embrio Kadal (Mabouya multifasciata) dengan Pewarnaan Alizarin Red

The bone growth on any organisms have different patterns and equity. In the embryo of ossification lizards happened it during the eggs in the body of the parent before was born. The research aim is to find a bone structure of the embryo that was 48 days old. The method used qualitative with the technique of purposive sampling and alizarin red staining. Using the six embryos of lizards (mabouya multifasciata) and it was taken directly from the mother. The analysis used is counting the long of vertebrae and extremitie. The obtained results were the red colur on limb and vertebrae. Sections of the anterior extremity which undergoes ossification is the humerus, radius, the ulna, phalanges and claws. The posterior extremity which ossification is the femur, the fibula, the tibia, phalanges and claws. The vertebrae bone that it hapened ossification was cervical vertebrae , vertebrae thoracic, lumbar vertebrae , sacralis vertebrae and caudalis vertebrae. Whereas a bone in the part of the limb posterior ones which are not hapened ossification is the carpal and metacarpal. Keywords : lizard, alizarin red, bone structure ABSTRAK Struktur pertumbuhan tulang pada setiap masing-masing organisme mempunyai pola berbeda dan persamaan. Pada embrio kadal osifikasi terjadi semasa fase telur dalam tubuh induk sebelum dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui struktur tulang embrio berumur 48 hari. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan pewarnaan alizarin red. Menggunakan embrio kadal (Mabouya multifasciata) sebanyak enam ekor diambil langsung dari perut induknya. Analisis adalah menghitung panjang tulang vertebrae dan ekstremitas. Hasil yang telah didapat adalah tulang ekstremitas dan vertebrae yang telah berwarna merah. Bagian tulang ekstremitas anterior yang telah terosifikasi adalah humerus, radius, ulna, falang dan cakar. Pada tulang ekstremitas posterior yang sudah mengalami osifikasi adalah femur, fibula, tibia, falang dan cakar. Tulang vertebrae yang sudah mengalami osifikasi adalah vertebrae servikalis, vertebrae torakalis, vertebrae lumbalis, vertebrae sacralis dan vertebrae caudalis. Sedangkan tulang di bagian ekstremitas posterior yang belum mengalami osifikasi yaitu carpal dan metacarpal. Kata Kunci : kadal, alizarin red, struktur tulang

Ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of three Bucephalidae (Prosorhynchus longisaccatus, Rhipidocotyle khalili and Bucephalus margaritae) and phylogenetic implications

We describe here the mature spermatozoa of three species of bucephalids, namely Bucephalus margaritae, Rhipidocotyle khalili and Prosorhynchus longisaccatus. This study provides the first ultrastructural data on the genera Bucephalus and Rhipidocotyle and enabled us to confirm the model of the mature spermatozoon in the Bucephalinae. The spermatozoon exhibits two axonemes with the 9 + “1” pattern of the Trepaxonemata, one of which is very short, lateral expansion, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane located in the anterior extremity of the spermatozoon and associated with cortical microtubules, spine-like bodies, a mitochondrion, and a nucleus. The maximum number of cortical microtubules is located in the anterior part of the spermatozoon. However, more studies are needed to elucidate if spine-like bodies are present in all the Bucephalinae or not. In the Prosorhynchinae, the mature spermatozoon exhibits a similar ultrastructural pattern. Some differences are observed, particularly the axoneme lengths and the arrangement of the spine-like bodies. The posterior extremity of the spermatozoon in the Bucephalinae exhibits only the nucleus, but prosorhynchines have microtubules.

A new species of Suphisellus Crotch from Mexico (Coleoptera: Noteridae)

Suphisellus epleri sp. nov. is described from Veracruz, Mexico. The new species is characterized by (1) size; (2) elytra brownish-red, moderately punctate, each with three light-yellow spots; and (3) aedeagus with median lobe curved with width nearly uniform along its length. In appearance, S. epleri is very similar to S. neglectus Young 1979 with which it is here compared based on specimens collected from Colombia and Venezuela. Suphisellus epleri is distinguished by having a slightly broader anterior extremity of prosternal process and a slender median lobe that is not distinctly expanded at apex, as in S. neglectus. The first record of S. neglectus in Venezuela is also reported. Descriptions, images and illustrations of diagnostic characters, and differential diagnosis of S. epleri are provided.

Gross anatomical features of the sternum of green-winged macaw (Ara Chloroptera)

The present study was conducted on the sternum of an eight year old, male Green-winged Macaw. The sternum was quadrilateral with dorsal concave and ventral convex surfaces and four borders. The dorsal surface presented numerous pneumatic foramina. The ventral surface furnished a large, boat shaped keel. The anterior extremity showed two facets for coracoid. The anterior and posterior borders were convex. The lateral border on either side presented six costal facets. Two distinct oval foramina were seen near the posterior border. Craniolateral processes were short and stump-like. Caudolateral processes fused with the median trabecula on either side. The rostrum was distinct. The morphological features of the sternum of Green-winged Macaw conformed to that of flying group of birds. It was almost similar to that of goose in its anterior half and to that of pigeon in its posterior half.

Four new species of Iponematinae (Drilonematidae, Drilonematoidea, Cephalobomorpha) parasitic in earthworms: description and molecular affiliations

Three new species of Filiponema, Filiponema sp., and a new species of Iponema are described from earthworms. Filiponema champa sp. n., from the coelomic cavity of Pheretima sp. from Vietnam, is closest to F. cylindropharyngatum and F. javanicum but differs in having a wider body, longer spicules and more conspicuous excretory pore. Filiponema yaoense sp. n., from the coelomic cavity of Pheretima sp. from Vietnam, is differentiated from all valid species of Filiponema by its long, conspicuous excretory duct and a nerve ring situated more closely to the anterior extremity. It can be differentiated from F. champa sp. n. by a slimmer body, the more anterior position of amphids, circular vs transversely elliptical amphids and caudal organs, the wider tail tip, a shorter mail tail, longer eggs, smaller, straighter, spicules and a smaller gubernaculum. Filiponema suifunense sp. n., from the coelomic cavity of Drawida ghilarovi from Russia, is distinguished from all known species of the genus due to the presence of narrow, projecting lateral fields. Filiponema sp., from the coelomic cavity of Lumbricus friendi from France, is described but not named due to lack of material. Iponema visayanum sp. n., from the coelomic cavity of Megascolecidae gen. sp. from the Philippines, can be distinguished from I. tonkinense by its longer spicules and pharynx and its larger amphids situated further from the anterior extremity than in I. tonkinense. D2-D3 LSU sequences were obtained for I. visayanum sp. n. and F. suifunense sp. n. and compared with homologous sequences of other Drilonematoidea nematodes.

Subulura mackoi n. sp. (Nematoda: Subuluridae) and the zoogeography of subulurids parasitizing birds

A new nematode species, Subulura mackoi n. sp., is described based on specimens from the colon and caecum of the Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops (L.) (Aves: Strigiformes) from the Czech Republic, collected in 2011. Males are characterized by 10 pairs of caudal papillae, a single papilla on the upper lip of the cloaca, and small unequal spiculae; female distinguishing features are body length, distance of the vulva from the anterior extremity, tail length, and egg dimension.Analysis of the zoogeographical distribution and host specialization (in the bird orders) of 68 valid species from the genus Subulura Molin, 1860 shows significantly high species diversity in the tropical zones. Only one species, S. brumpti, is a cosmopolitan parasite of Gallus gallus f. domestica and other domesticated gallinaceous birds. Zoogeographical-host interactions may be utilized to support the identification of morphospecies of the genus Subulura.

Description of a new species, Myxobilatus anteronippus sp. n., and synopsis of Indian species of the genus Myxobilatus Davis, 1944 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Bivalvulida)

A new histozoic species of the genus Myxobilatus Davis, 1944 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Bivalvulida), Myxobilatus anteronippus sp. n., is described from pectoral, dorsal and tail fins and operculum of an estuarine fish Taenioides cirratus (Blyth). The present species is unique in having polar capsules with unequal dimensions with a nipple or knob like structure present at the anterior extremity of each polar capsule, the shell valves are devoid of any striations. A synopsis of Indian species of the genus Myxobilatus Davis, 1944 including a total of six species is also provided.

Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon of the tapeworm Parabothriocephalus gracilis (Bothriocephalidea): Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies

Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure of the tapeworm Parabothriocephalus gracilis were described using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spermiogenesis is characterized by the formation of a zone of differentiation with two centrioles associated with striated rootlets, and an intercentriolar body between them. The two flagella undergo a rotation of 90° until they become parallel to the median cytoplasmic extension with which they fuse. Electron-dense material is present in the apical region of the zone of differentiation in the early stages of spermiogenesis. This electron-dense material is characteristic for the orders Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea. The mature spermatozoon contains two axonemes of the 9 + ‘1’ trepaxonematan pattern, nucleus, parallel cortical microtubules and electron-dense granules of glycogen. The anterior extremity of the spermatozoon exhibits a single helical electron-dense crested body 130 nm thick. One of the most interesting features is the presence of a ring of cortical microtubules surrounding the axoneme. This character has been reported only for species of the order Bothriocephalidea and may be unique in this cestode group.