scholarly journals An integrative approach assesses the intraspecific variations of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, a common parasite in Neotropical freshwater fishes, and the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1752-1764
Author(s):  
Lorena G. Ailán-Choke ◽  
Luiz E.R. Tavares ◽  
José L. Luque ◽  
Felipe B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
First Time

AbstractIntegrative taxonomy was used to evaluate two component populations of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus in Brazil and the phylogeny Camallanidae. Parasite populations were collected in the characiform Anostomoides passionis from River Xingu (Amazon basin) and Megaleporinus elongatus from River Miranda (Paraguay basin). Morphology was analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Genetic characterization was based on partial sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA, and COI mtDNA. Phylogenies were based on 18S and COI due to data availability. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Poisson Tree Process (PTP) and *BEAST were used for species delimitation and validation. SEM revealed for the first time the presence of minute denticles and pore-like structures surrounding the oral opening, phasmids in females and confirmed other important morphological aspects. Statistical comparison between the two-component populations indicated morphometric variations, especially among males. The different component population of P. (S.) inopinatus showed variable morphometry, but uniform morphology and were validated as conspecific by the GMYC, PTP and *BEAST. Some camallanid sequences in GenBank have incorrect taxonomic labelling. Host, environment and geographic aspects seem to be related to some lineages within Camallanidae; however, their real phylogenetic meanings are still unclear.

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

A Review of the Aroid Tribe Caladieae with the Description of Three New Species of Caladium and Seven New Species of Syngonium (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-64
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Croat ◽  
Xavier Delannay ◽  
Orlando O. Ortiz ◽  
Pedro Diaz Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

A review of the aroid tribe Caladieae is presented, and three new species of Caladium Vent. and seven new species of Syngonium Schott are described and illustrated. Two species, C. picturatum K. Koch & C. D. Bouché and C. steudnerifolium Engl., previously considered to be synonymous with C. bicolor (Aiton) Vent., are fully redescribed. New species of Caladium are C. cortesae Croat & E. G. Gonç., C. palaciosii Croat & L. P. Hannon, and C. stevensonii Croat & Delannay. New species of Syngonium are S. adsettiorum Croat, O. Ortiz & J. S. Harrison, S. bastimentoense O. Ortiz & Croat, S. brewsterense Croat & Delannay, S. churchillii Croat & O. Ortiz, S. litense Croat, S. purpureospathum Croat & Raz, and S. tacotalpense Díaz-Jiménez & Croat. Syngonium yurimaguense Engl. is also reported for the first time outside the Amazon Basin.

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of the Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae): Linking Species with Molecular Barcodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh ◽  
Gerrit Karssen ◽  
Marjolein Couvreur ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Wim Bert
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
New Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pin nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus are obligate ectoparasites of a wide variety of plants that are distributed worldwide. In this study, individual morphologically vouchered nematode specimens of fourteen Paratylenchus species, including P. aculentus, P. elachistus, P. goodeyi, P. holdemani, P. idalimus, P. microdorus, P. nanus, P. neoamblycephalus, P. straeleni and P. veruculatus, are unequivocally linked to the D2-D3 of 28S, ITS, 18S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Combined with scanning electron microscopy and a molecular analysis of an additional nine known and thirteen unknown species originating from diverse geographic regions, a total of 92 D2-D3 of 28S, 41 ITS, 57 18S rRNA and 111 COI new gene sequences are presented. Paratylenchus elachistus, P. holdemani and P. neoamblycephalus are recorded for the first time in Belgium and P. idalimus for the first time in Europe. Paratylenchus is an excellent example of an incredibly diverse yet morphologically minimalistic plant-parasitic genus, and this study provides an integrated analysis of all available data, including coalescence-based molecular species delimitation, resulting in an updated Paratylenchus phylogeny and the corrective reassignment of 18 D2-D3 of 28S, 3 ITS, 3 18S rRNA and 25 COI gene sequences that were previously unidentified or incorrectly classified.

scholarly journals Colouration, chaetotaxy and molecular data provide species-level resolution in a species complex of Dicranocentrus (Collembola : Entomobryidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Daoyuan Yu ◽  
Mark I. Stevens ◽  
Yinhuan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Colour Patterns

Integrative taxonomic approaches are increasingly providing species-level resolution to ‘cryptic’ diversity. In the absence of an integrative taxonomic approach, formal species validation is often lacking because of inadequate morphological diagnoses. Colouration and chaetotaxy are the most commonly used characters in collembolan taxonomy but can cause confusion in species diagnoses because these characters often have large intraspecific variation. Here, we take an integrative approach to the genus Dicranocentrus in China where four species have been previously recognised, but several members of the genus have been morphologically grouped as a species complex based on having paired outer teeth on unguis and seven colour patterns. Molecular delimitations based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered four candidate lineages from three gene markers and revealed that speciation events likely occurred during the late Neogene (4–13million years ago). Comparison of intact dorsal chaetotaxy, whose homologies were erected on the basis of first instar larva, further validated these candidates as formal species: D. gaoligongensis, sp. nov., D. similis, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov. and D. varicolor, sp. nov., and increase the number of Dicranocentrus species from China to eight. Our study further highlights the importance of adequate taxonomy in linking morphological and molecular characters within integrative taxonomy.

scholarly journals NEUROPTERA OF THE AMAZON BASIN Part 9. Albardiinae

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 697-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Penny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Single Species ◽  
First Time

Summary The Albardiinae Weele, 1908 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) with a single species, Albardia furcata, is recorded for the first time from the Amazon Basin.

Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Offerman ◽  
Virginia H. Dale ◽  
Scott M. Pearson ◽  
Robert V. O'Neill ◽  
Richard O. Bierregaard Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data ◽  
Biological Dynamics

Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.

Counter differential rigid-rotation equilibrium of electrically non-neutral two-fluid plasma with finite pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakajima ◽  
H. Himura ◽  
A. Sanpei
Keyword(s):  
Ion Plasma ◽  
Counter Rotation ◽  
Fluid Velocities ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Plasma ◽  
Ion Cloud ◽  
Diamagnetic Drift ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Fluid ◽  
Two Fluid Plasma

We derive the two-dimensional counter-differential rotation equilibria of two-component plasmas, composed of both ion and electron ( $e^-$ ) clouds with finite temperatures, for the first time. In the equilibrium found in this study, as the density of the $e^{-}$ cloud is always larger than that of the ion cloud, the entire system is a type of non-neutral plasma. Consequently, a bell-shaped negative potential well is formed in the two-component plasma. The self-electric field is also non-uniform along the $r$ -axis. Moreover, the radii of the ion and $e^{-}$ plasmas are different. Nonetheless, the pure ion as well as $e^{-}$ plasmas exhibit corresponding rigid rotations around the plasma axis with different fluid velocities, as in a two-fluid plasma. Furthermore, the $e^{-}$ plasma rotates in the same direction as that of $\boldsymbol {E \times B}$ , whereas the ion plasma counter-rotates overall. This counter-rotation is attributed to the contribution of the diamagnetic drift of the ion plasma because of its finite pressure.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to delimiting species borders in the genus Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with description of two new species

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Nedeljković ◽  
Jelena Ačanski ◽  
Mihajla Đan ◽  
Dragana Obreht-Vidaković ◽  
Antonio Ricarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
A New Species

Integrative taxonomy tests the validity of taxa using methods additional to traditional morphology. The existence of two different morphotypes in specimens identified as Chrysotoxum vernale Loew (Diptera: Syrphidae) prompted their taxonomic study using an integrative approach that included morphology, wing and male-surstylus geometric morphometrics, genetic and ecological analyses. As a result, a new species is recognised, Chrysotoxum montanum Nedeljković & Vujić sp. nov., and C. vernale is re-defined. A lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for C. vernale to stabilize this concept. An additional species, Chrysotoxum orthostylum Vujić sp. nov., with distinctive male genitalia is also described. The three species share an antenna with the basoflagellomere shorter than the scape plus pedicel and terga with yellow fasciae not reaching the lateral margins. This study confirms the value of integrative approach for resolving species boundaries.

Manipulus Guttiferarum, II. First record of Clusia ucamira (Clusiaceae) from Venezuelan Guayana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
JOSÉ RAMÓN GRANDE ALLENDE
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
First Time

As part of a review in progress on the genus Clusia Linnaeus in Venezuela, Clusia ucamira J.E. Nascim. & Bittrich is reported for the first time for that country. Clusia ucamira is quickly distinguished from similar species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus (Planchon & Triana) Pipoly by its hemiepiphitic habit, strongly coriaceous and conspicuously revolute leaves, with a very prominent midvein in the abaxial surface. With this range extension, Clusia ucamira is known, besides from the Amazon basin, from terra firme forest in the Amazonas state of Venezuela, where it grows in oligotrophic soils derived from materials from the Guayana Shield. In Venezuela, this species is to be considered Least Concerned (LC), according to the IUCN Red List categories.

Identification of genes required for different stages of dendritic swarming in Bacillus subtilis, with a novel role for phrC

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassem Hamze ◽  
Daria Julkowska ◽  
Sabine Autret ◽  
Krzysztof Hinc ◽  
Krzysztofa Nagorska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Global Regulators ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Surfactin Production ◽  
First Time

Highly branched dendritic swarming of B. subtilis on synthetic B-medium involves a developmental-like process that is absolutely dependent on flagella and surfactin secretion. In order to identify new swarming genes, we targeted the two-component ComPA signalling pathway and associated global regulators. In liquid cultures, the histidine kinase ComP, and the response regulator ComA, respond to secreted pheromones ComX and CSF (encoded by phrC) in order to control production of surfactin synthases and ComS (competence regulator). In this study, for what is believed to be the first time, we established that distinct early stages of dendritic swarming can be clearly defined, and that they are amenable to genetic analysis. In a mutational analysis producing several mutants with distinctive phenotypes, we were able to assign the genes sfp (activation of surfactin synthases), comA, abrB and codY (global regulators), hag (flagellin), mecA and yvzB (hag-like), and swrB (motility), to the different swarming stages. Surprisingly, mutations in genes comPX, comQ, comS, rapC and oppD, which are normally indispensable for import of CSF, had only modest effects, if any, on swarming and surfactin production. Therefore, during dendritic swarming, surfactin synthesis is apparently subject to novel regulation that is largely independent of the ComXP pathway; we discuss possible alternative mechanisms for driving srfABCD transcription. We showed that the phrC mutant, largely independent of any effect on surfactin production, was also, nevertheless, blocked early in swarming, forming stunted dendrites, with abnormal dendrite initiation morphology. In a mixed swarm co-inoculated with phrC sfp+ and phrC+ sfp (GFP), an apparently normal swarm was produced. In fact, while initiation of all dendrites was of the abnormal phrC type, these were predominantly populated by sfp cells, which migrated faster than the phrC cells. This and other results indicated a specific migration defect in the phrC mutant that could not be trans-complemented by CSF in a mixed swarm. CSF is the C-terminal pentapeptide of the surface-exposed PhrC pre-peptide and we propose that the residual PhrC 35 aa residue peptide anchored in the exterior of the cytoplasmic membrane has an apparently novel extracellular role in swarming.

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