СЪДЪРЖАНИЕТО НА КН. 1 ЗА 2021 Г. НА СПИСАНИЕ „БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК“ / ISSUE 1/2021 OF BALGARSKI EZIK

Issue 1/2021 of Balgarski ezik features three papers dealing with research presented at the Scientific Forum on Research Approaches in Bulgarian Lan¬guage Teaching (2019) organised by the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the last five years. Katya Charalozova’s paper titled The Category of Verb Aspect. Metho-do¬logical Perspectives in Teaching Aspect in Bulgarian Schools Abroad discusses methodological aspects of teaching the category of aspect to students in Bul¬ga¬rian schools abroad from the standpoint of interpreting verb aspect as a semantic category. The author addresses the consistent representation of knowledge and the ways of introducing perfective and imperfective verbs and their forms in the different tenses. Luchia Antonova-Vasileva discusses The Need for Selection and Adaptation of Texts for People Studying Bulgarian Literature Abroad and presents success¬sful examples of adapted editions of works of literature for the purposes of lan¬guage teaching. The author proposes a model for text adaptation for the purpo¬ses of teaching Bulgarian language and literature to Bulgarians living abroad and illustrates it with an excerpt from Ivan Vazov’s novel Under the Yoke. The paper by Reni Manova and Elena Hadzhieva is dedicated to Intercul¬tural Communication and Equality between the Participants in the Dialogue in Bulgarian. On the basis of analysis of the peculiarities of intercultural commu¬nication as an exchange of culturally conditioned information between people from different cultures, the authors conclude that the significant stock of know¬ledge about the foreign culture and the skills to apply specific communicative behaviours adapted to the host culture are of crucial importance. Mariyana Tsibranska’s paper The World of Nuns according to Lexical Data compares data on female monasticism in two types of sources – hagiographic works and canon law – in order to bring monastic everyday life in the focus of cultural conceptology and the study of the diachronic linguistic picture of the world. Everyday life at the monastery is presented by means of specific ranges of concepts (mental constructs) and the respective linguistic nominations. The paper Is there a Pomak Dialect in Bulgaria? by Georgi Mitrinov pre¬sents a critical look at a study by Emel Balakchi titled The Rhodope Dialects. Their Richness and Magic. By adducing compelling linguistic arguments, the author disproves Balakchi’s attempt at representing the Rhodope dialects as Po¬mak dialects. Using numerous examples, Georgi Mitrinov demonstrates the lack of scientific competence and objectivity of the study under consideration in presenting the characteristic features of the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. In her article The General Designations for a Female Relative in the Bulga¬rian Language Presented as Heteronymic Rows Tsvetelina Georgieva presents in a structured way the designations for female relatives excerpted from the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Bulgarian Family and Kinship Lexis. Using an onomasiological approach, the author argues convincingly that the names for female relatives in Bulgarian are heteronyms and not synonyms.

КАТЕГОРИЯТА ВИД НА ГЛАГОЛА И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТИ НА ПРЕПОДАВАНЕТО Ѝ В БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ УЧИЛИЩА ЗАД ГРАНИЦА / THE CATEGORY OF VERB ASPECT. METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN TEACHING ASPECT IN BULGARIAN SCHOOLS ABROAD

The article views aspect as a semantic category where members of the aspects pairs represent not word forms but distinct lexemes. Following the theoretical account, the author discusses methodological aspects of teaching the category of aspect to students in Bulgarian schools abroad with a view to the consistent representation of knowledge and the ways of introducing the perfective and imperfective verbs and their forms in the different tenses.

Verbs of emotional state in counter-optative utterances

The paper is focused on infinitive utterances (IU) expressing the meaning of undesirability, or counter-optative IU (Ne spuskat’sya by k dvorniku), with verbs of the lexical-semantic group (LSG) of emotional state (according to the classification by L. G. Babenko). Special attention is paid to the verb aspect, the temporal vector of the IU, and the presence of the potential seme of a negative evaluation of the denoted situation in the meaning of the verb. The selectivity of the syntactic model under consideration towards verbs of the LSG of emotional state is investigated. The following prerequisites for a verb of emotional state to be used in a counter-optative IU were determined: the presence of the potential seme of a negative evaluation of the denoted situation in the meaning of the verb, the imperfect aspect of the latter, and the future temporal perspective of the whole utterance. Also, counter-optative infinitive utterances were found to demonstrate quite a high degree of selectivity in using the words of LSG of emotional state. The results show that when selecting verbs to be the main component of counter-optative infinitive utterances, preference is given to imperfective verbs of emotional state. The future temporal perspective (the prospective and prospective-consequent temporal vector) is a condition that enables selecting the verbs of emotional state in counteroptative infinitive utterances. The factors contributing to the use of verbs of the LSG of emotional state in counter-optative infinitive utterances, or conversely, preventing their use, are to be studied further.

Features of teaching Russian as a foreign language to bilingual students (using the example of the Russian verb aspect study)

The paper discusses the features of learning Russian by foreign students who speak English at a basic level. A difficult aspect for foreign students is grammar, which is accompanied by an innumerable set of rules and the same number of exceptions. One of the most difficult grammatical topics is Imperfect and Perfect Verbs, since in other languages the grammatical category of the verb aspect does not exist. In this regard, there are difficulties for foreign bilingual students in determining the meaning, methods of education, use and application of imperfect and perfect verbs in speech situations. The explanation of the material is based on the principles of consistency and systematicity, i.e. from the disclosure of the semantics of verbs, their functions in specific communicative situations, further to the methods of forming of aspect pairs of the verb using common prefixes, suffixes, as well as exceptions to the rules, alternating adjacent consonants and vowels in the root, and special cases of formation of aspect pairs of the verb that need to be remembered. The paper presents methods of teaching the grammatical category of the verb aspect in the Russian language to foreign students, successive stages of work on the formation and correct using of perfect and imperfect verbs in order to remove the language barrier in intercultural communication.

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

A REFERENCE BOOK ON THE ASPECT OF BULGARIAN VERBS

The present paper aims at presenting the scientific work “A Reference Book on the Aspect of Bulgarian Verbs” published in 2019. The reference book is intended for foreign students studying Bulgarian but it may as well be a precious guide and a practical handbook for all who are interested in learning and teaching Bulgarian.The idea for writing and publishing this reference book was motivated by the strife of the author to facilitate the acquisition of the language.The reference book begins with brief theoretical comments on the Bulgarian verb. They are presented in a concise and adapted manner with a minimum use of linguistic terminology (with a view to the practical aim of the handbook and the specificity of the audience to which it is directed at).The presence of tables and schemes in the reference book is deliberate since the purpose of the handbook is to provide a quick reference and to make the memorizing of key concepts and verb forms easier.The reference book includes the most common and traditional concepts as well as the most contemporary ideas of the Bulgarian linguistics. Reference to the literature used is included.A list of more than 150 pairs of verbs in the perfective and imperfective aspect arranged in an alphabetical order in a table is included in “A Reference Book on the Aspect of Bulgarian Verbs”. The verbs in these pairs are used quite frequently in Bulgarian speech. The selection is consistent with Bulgarian language learning by foreign students in their first year of studies from the specialties in Medicine, Dental Medicine and Pharmacy and corresponds to A1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Verbs are not translated into another language but there is an additional blank column in which each foreign student can write a translation equivalent. The illustrative manner of grammar knowledge with appropriate verb forms arranged in tables was quite consciously chosen. The basic pairs of antonyms in the groups of the conjugated verbs are presented with the aim of optimizing the process of mastery of the verbs. The tense system of the Bulgarian language is presented through the nine tenses in it illustrated with examples from the three conjugations.The reference book presents some of the specificities of the Bulgarian verb in a more comprehensible manner and most of all the category verb aspect which is difficult and complex to teach and explain. For the first time the aspect’s functioning is illustrated with examples which are included simultaneously for the two verb aspects. Practical advice for the determination of the verb aspect is supplied and key words and expressions for “identifying” the perfective and imperfective aspect are derived. The connection between the aspect and the verb tense is also presented.“A Reference Book on the Aspect of Bulgarian Verbs” is a valuable tool for all who are interested in studying and teaching the Bulgarian language.

What’s Done is Done: Verb Aspect and Verbatim Memory

Grammatical verb aspect uses morphosyntactic cues (‘-ed’, ‘-ing’) to convey whether an action is, for example, complete (“walked”) or on-going (“was walking”) and has shown notable comprehension ramifications for a reader’s event model. Additionally, research suggests that the reader quickly forgets verbatim surface-form information, such as morphosyntactic cues, while the event model remains intact. The current study used three different memory tests to probe readers’ event models of the texts, testing readers’ event model at retrieval. More importantly, we explored whether participants could have biased memory for the perfective aspect consistent with events unfolding in the narrative world. We show that verbs in the perfective aspect were remembered more accurately than those in the imperfective aspect. Moreover, imperfective verbs had a stronger tendency to be misremembered as being in the perfective aspect. That is, readers’ memory seems to be affected by the passage of narrative time, rather than maintaining fidelity to the temporal status of the verb at original presentation.