Schistosoma mansoni infection in a natural population of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. M. MÜLLER-GRAF ◽  
D. A. COLLINS ◽  
C. PACKER ◽  
M. E. J. WOOLHOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
National Park ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
High Infection

Infection with Schistosoma mansoni was studied in 5 troops of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. Three troops were infected with S. mansoni. An aggregated distribution of parasites was observed among hosts. Troop membership was found to be the most significant factor influencing parasite prevalence. Age and reproductive status had no significant effect, but there was a trend for males to acquire higher levels of infection. However, age–prevalence curves showed a high infection in young baboons declining in the older baboons. Behavioural components of exposure – as measured in water-contact pattern – may be related to parasite burden. A ‘peak shift’ between infection in different age-classes in the different troops was observed: troops with higher schistosome prevalences displayed an earlier peak in prevalence of infection. The baboon troop with the most contact with people showed highest prevalence of infection possibly due to longer exposure to the parasite than the other troops and/or higher host density.

Intestinal parasite burden in five troops of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. M. Müller-Graf ◽  
D. A. Collins ◽  
M. E. J. Woolhouse
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Predominant Factor

SUMMARYA cross-sectional parasitological study of a population of wild olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis), consisting of 5 troops, was conducted in Gombe Stream National Park. Baboons were individually recognizable. Information on age, sex, troop membership, reproductive status, social rank and life-history of each individual baboon could be related to parasite infection. Seven helminth taxa and 2 protozoan taxa were found. All baboons were parasitized by at least 1 taxon. Distributions of helminths were aggregated among hosts. There were significant differences among troops in the prevalence of all but 2 of the recorded helminths. Age had a significant impact on the prevalence and intensity of Strongyloides sp. No significant effect of sex on the prevalence of infection could be detected. There was some indication that female reproductive status was related to Trichuris egg output. In contrast to a previous study, no significant correlations between parasite infection and social rank could be found. Troop membership constituted the predominant factor contributing to heterogeneity of prevalence of infection. This suggests that spatial location and/or genetics may be important in determining levels of parasite infection.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasite analysis in organic sediments collected from a 16th-century Belgian archeological site

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Fernandes ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Françoise Bouchet ◽  
Carlos Henrique Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Free Living ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
The Village ◽  
Archeological Site ◽  
Organic Remains

Parasite eggs found in organic remains collected from medieval structures in Raversijde (medieval name: Walraversijde), a village on the northern coast of Belgium, are discussed. The eggs were identified as Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, both human parasites. Species identification allowed elucidating the origin of the organic sediments and the structures, in this case latrines used by humans. Capillaria sp. and free-living nematode larvae were also found in the latrine. Although neither parasite burden nor prevalence rates could be measured, the abundance of human intestinal parasite eggs indicated a high infection rate in the village residents, reflecting very poor sanitation.

scholarly journals Predicting frequency distribution and influence of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection and analysis of co-infection with intestinal parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla V.V. Rollemberg ◽  
Marília M.B.L. Silva ◽  
Karla C. Rollemberg ◽  
Fábio R. Amorim ◽  
Nayanna M.N. Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Kernel Estimation ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Untreated Water

Geospatial analysis was used to study the epidemiology of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>, intestinal parasites and co-infections in an area (Ilha das Flores) in Sergipe, Brazil. We collected individually georeferenced sociodemographic, behavioral and parasitological data from 500 subjects, analyzed them by conventional statistics, and produced risk maps by Kernel estimation. The prevalence rates found were: <em>S. mansoni</em> (24.0%), <em>Trichuris trichiura</em> (54.8%), <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> (49.2%), Hookworm (17.6%) and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> (7.0%). Only 59/500 (11.8%) individuals did not present any of these infections, whereas 279/500 (55.8%) were simultaneously infected by three or more parasites. We observed associations between <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and various variables such as male gender, being rice farmer or fisherman, low educational level, low income, water contact and drinking untreated water. The Kernel estimator indicated that high-risk areas coincide with the poorest regions of the villages as well as with the part of the villages without an adequate sewage system. We also noted associations between both <em>A. lumbricoides</em> and hookworm infections with low education and low income. <em>A. lumbricoides</em> infection and <em>T. trichiura</em> infection were both associated with drinking untreated water and residential open-air sewage. These findings call for an integrated approach to effectively control multiple parasitic infections.

scholarly journals The immunomodulatory activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides reduces the parasite burden and hepatic granulomatous inflammation in Schistosoma mansoni-infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 113287 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues ◽  
Paula Sibelly Veras Albuquerque ◽  
Johnny R Nascimento ◽  
Jaianna Andressa Viana Campos ◽  
Andressa S S Godinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides

scholarly journals Plasma levels of innate immune mediators are associated with liver fibrosis in low parasite burden Schistosoma mansoni- infected individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. e12642 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
M. M. Teixeira ◽  
J. R. Lambertucci ◽  
C. M. F. Antunes ◽  
M. Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Mediators

scholarly journals Biological implications of the phenotypic plasticity in the Schistosoma mansoni - Nectomys squamipes model

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Machado Martinez ◽  
Michele Costa-Silva ◽  
Renata Heisler Neves ◽  
Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Machado-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Biological Modification

The water-rat Nectomys squamipes is mostly important non-human host in schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Brazil, due to its susceptibility, high abundance and water-contact pattern. During experimental infection of N. squamipes with Schistosoma mansoni, adult worms show phenotypic plasticity. This finding led us to investigate whether biological behavior is also affected. This was assessed comparing the biological characteristics of four S. mansoni strains: BE (State of Belém do Pará), CE (State of Pernambuco), CMO (State of Rio Grande do Norte) and SJ (State of São Paulo) using laboratory-bred N. squamipes. The infection was monitored by determination of the pre-patent period, fecal egg output, egg viability, intestinal egg count and, infectivity rate. No biological modification was observed in these parameters. Overall results highlight that N. squamipes was susceptible to several S. mansoni strains, suggesting that it might contribute to the maintenance of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.

scholarly journals Community diversity reduces Schistosoma mansoni transmission, host pathology and human infection risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1662) ◽  
pp. 1657-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter T.J Johnson ◽  
Peder J Lund ◽  
Richard B Hartson ◽  
Timothy P Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Hosts

Global biodiversity loss and disease emergence are two of the most challenging issues confronting science and society. Recently, observed linkages between species-loss and vector-borne infections suggest that biodiversity may help reduce pathogenic infections in humans and wildlife, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its applicability to a broader range of pathogens have remained speculative. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of host community structure on transmission of the human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni , which alternates between snail intermediate hosts and vertebrate definitive hosts. By manipulating parasite exposure and community diversity, we show that heterospecific communities cause a 25–50 per cent reduction in infection among snail hosts ( Biomphalaria glabrata ). Infected snails raised alongside non-host snails ( Lymnaea or Helisoma sp.) also produced 60–80 per cent fewer cercariae, suggesting that diverse communities could reduce human infection risk. Because focal host density was held constant during experiments, decreases in transmission resulted entirely from diversity-mediated pathways. Finally, the decrease in infection in mixed-species communities led to an increase in reproductive output by hosts, representing a novel example of parasite-mediated facilitation. Our results underscore the significance of community structure on transmission of complex life-cycle pathogens, and we emphasize enhanced integration between ecological and parasitological research on the diversity–disease relationship.

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