scholarly journals Biological implications of the phenotypic plasticity in the Schistosoma mansoni - Nectomys squamipes model

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Machado Martinez ◽  
Michele Costa-Silva ◽  
Renata Heisler Neves ◽  
Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Machado-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Biological Modification

The water-rat Nectomys squamipes is mostly important non-human host in schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Brazil, due to its susceptibility, high abundance and water-contact pattern. During experimental infection of N. squamipes with Schistosoma mansoni, adult worms show phenotypic plasticity. This finding led us to investigate whether biological behavior is also affected. This was assessed comparing the biological characteristics of four S. mansoni strains: BE (State of Belém do Pará), CE (State of Pernambuco), CMO (State of Rio Grande do Norte) and SJ (State of São Paulo) using laboratory-bred N. squamipes. The infection was monitored by determination of the pre-patent period, fecal egg output, egg viability, intestinal egg count and, infectivity rate. No biological modification was observed in these parameters. Overall results highlight that N. squamipes was susceptible to several S. mansoni strains, suggesting that it might contribute to the maintenance of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.

Adult resistance to schistosomiasis mansoni: age-dependence of reinfection remains constant in communities with diverse exposure patterns

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. KABATEREINE ◽  
B. J. VENNERVALD ◽  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
J. KEMIJUMBI ◽  
A. E. BUTTERWORTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Exposure Patterns ◽  
Stark Contrast

In a fishing community on Lake Albert in Uganda the pattern of intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection 6 months after treatment with praziquantel was found to be very similar to reinfection patterns seen in previously studied endemic communities: the profile peaks sharply at around the age of 10 years falling away rapidly to much lower levels in adults. This is in stark contrast to the patterns of water contact, which differ greatly between fishing and non-fishing communities. On Lake Albert, adults appear to be more heavily exposed than children. From these observations we conclude that adults are physiologically (perhaps immunologically) more resistant to infection after treatment than children.

The development of schistosomiasis mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population in Masongaleni, Kenya

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
A. J. C. FULFORD ◽  
H. C. KARIUKI ◽  
G. KIMANI ◽  
R. F. STURROCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Time Required

The relocation of several thousand members of the Kamba tribe from the Kyulu Hills to the Thange valley near Masongaleni in Kenya provides an excellent opportunity to study the development of the immune response to schistosomiasis mansoni in a population with little or no previous experience of the infection. An adjacent, well-established Kamba community with similar patterns of water contact provides a suitable endemic control population. The immigrants were, uniquely, examined shortly after their arrival in the endemic area, while the prevalence of infection was still low. At this time faecal egg counts peaked atypically around 30 years of age. Over the next 12–18 months infection increased rapidly, especially among teenagers, producing a pattern of infection more typical of endemic communities. This substantially narrows estimates of the time required to develop the important determinants of the age–intensity profile, supporting the notion that changes related to age per se, rather than duration of infection, dominate. Age-dependent factors might include behaviour or physiology, including immune response. This paper provides the background for continuing longitudinal studies on the development of immunological responses to this parasite.

Energy constraint exerted by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni on the locomotion of its snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Energy Constraint

The consequences of the constraint caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni on the locomotory activity of its snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata, were studied during the patent period. Rates of locomotion were determined 6 times per 24-h period for juvenile and adult snails with single-miracidium infections, then compared with those of healthy snails of the same age. The locomotory activity of infected snails was the same during the day and at night, whereas control snails moved less at night than during the day. The locomotion of snails infected when immature was similar to that of the controls during the day and superior at night. The locomotion of snails infected when mature decreased regularly during patency and clearly decreased in comparison with that of healthy snails. The results are interpreted in terms of energy constraint on the mode of resource allocation of the host due to the parasite.

scholarly journals Predicting frequency distribution and influence of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection and analysis of co-infection with intestinal parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla V.V. Rollemberg ◽  
Marília M.B.L. Silva ◽  
Karla C. Rollemberg ◽  
Fábio R. Amorim ◽  
Nayanna M.N. Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Kernel Estimation ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Untreated Water

Geospatial analysis was used to study the epidemiology of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>, intestinal parasites and co-infections in an area (Ilha das Flores) in Sergipe, Brazil. We collected individually georeferenced sociodemographic, behavioral and parasitological data from 500 subjects, analyzed them by conventional statistics, and produced risk maps by Kernel estimation. The prevalence rates found were: <em>S. mansoni</em> (24.0%), <em>Trichuris trichiura</em> (54.8%), <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> (49.2%), Hookworm (17.6%) and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> (7.0%). Only 59/500 (11.8%) individuals did not present any of these infections, whereas 279/500 (55.8%) were simultaneously infected by three or more parasites. We observed associations between <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and various variables such as male gender, being rice farmer or fisherman, low educational level, low income, water contact and drinking untreated water. The Kernel estimator indicated that high-risk areas coincide with the poorest regions of the villages as well as with the part of the villages without an adequate sewage system. We also noted associations between both <em>A. lumbricoides</em> and hookworm infections with low education and low income. <em>A. lumbricoides</em> infection and <em>T. trichiura</em> infection were both associated with drinking untreated water and residential open-air sewage. These findings call for an integrated approach to effectively control multiple parasitic infections.

L-Fuzzy Concept Analysis as a Decision-Making Tool in the Development of Bio-Based Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsaso Leceta ◽  
Cristina Alcalde ◽  
Marta Urdanpilleta ◽  
Pedro Guerrero ◽  
Koro de la Caba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Abstract The use of L-fuzzy concept analysis for the determination of the formulations of gelatin-based films that fulfillspecifc functional properties is reported. The requirements of water contact angle (CA), water vapourtransmission rate (WVTR), L* and b* colour values, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and glossvalues were specified for both fatty food packaging and wound healing applications. Once the requiredformulations were estimated by L-fuzzy concepts, the experimental results showed a high accordance with thepredicted values of the nal properties, as well as with the requirements. The errors were lower than 20% in allcases, except in colour (for food packaging) and gloss and elongation at break (for wound healing), in whichthe nal properties were even better that the estimations. This analysis allowed nding the requiredformulations in a highly cost-effective way.

On the Way to Efficient Analytical Measurements: The Future of Robot-Based Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Heidi Fleischer ◽  
Kerstin Thurow
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Analytical Measurements

The demand for efficient and qualified measurements is high. The measurements of physical parameters in industrial environments usually are automatically executed using process measurement technologies. The close coupling of the measurement system and process equipment enables in-process data acquisition (inline or online). In contrast, compound-oriented measurements for the qualitative identification and quantitative determination of chemical elements and chemical compounds, or the determination of biological behavior, are still challenging in measurement processes. Today, biological assays as well as high-content and high-throughput screening procedures are well automated. It appears quite differently if the efficiency of analytical measurements should be improved. Due to the characteristics of the samples and processes, inline or online coupling is often not possible. Therefore, atline or offline couplings are gaining in importance. In combination with robotic systems, efficient automation of analytical measurements can be reached. The book Automation Solutions for Analytical Measurements: Concepts and Applications presents and discusses suitable automation concepts and a variety of realized robot-based analytical measurement systems. In this commentary, the main findings are highlighted and discussed.

scholarly journals Spirostanol Saponins from Asparagus sprengeri and Their Molluscicidal Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Spirostanol Saponins ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity ◽  
C Nmr

Two new spirostane saponins namely (25 R)-6α-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-spirostan-3β-yl β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and (25 R)-6α-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-27-hydroxy-5α-spirostan-3β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with three known metabolites (25 S)-5β-spirostan-3-β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (25 R)-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4) and (25 R)-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)- O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glactopyranoside (5) were identified from the leaves of Asparagus sprengeri Regel (Asparagaceae). Determination of the structures was based on chemical and spectroscopic data (HRESI-MS/MSn, 1H, DEPT 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC). The dry powder, the 1-butanol extract of the leaves, and the isolated compounds (3–5) exhibited molluscicidal properties against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails (the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni) [LC90 = 150, 40, 7, 10 and 13 ppm, respectively], while compounds 1 and 2 were molluscicidally inactive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-Schistosoma mansoni igG antibodies in patients with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni before and after specific treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Maria V. VENDRAME ◽  
Márcia Dias T. CARVALHO ◽  
Célia Regina F. YAMAMOTO ◽  
Maria Cristina NAKHLE ◽  
Silvino Alves CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Egg Antigen ◽  
Adult Worm Antigen

The circumoval precipitin test (COPT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblotting anti-adult worm antigen (AWA) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) tests were applied to 17 chronically schistosome-infected patients for the detection of anti-Schistosoma mansoni antibodies before and on four occasions after oxamniquine administration over a period of six months. Compared to a control group, schistosomiasis patients showed high levels of IgG antibodies in AWA and SEA-ELISA. A decrease in IgG levels was observed six months after treatment, although negative reactions were not obtained. Significant decreases in IgG1, IgG3 and, mainly, IgG4, but not anti-SEA IgG2 levels were observed six months after treatment, again without negativity. Analysis of anti-AWA IgG antibodies by immunoblotting before treatment showed a 31 kDa strand in 14 patients (82%) which disappeared in three cases up to six months after treatment; furthermore, anti-SEA IgG antibodies showed the same band in nine patients (53%) before treatment, which disappeared in only four cases up to six months after treatment.

scholarly journals Radicular dysfunction preponderance at early phase clinical evaluation in myelitis by Schistosoma mansoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2a) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Henrique Fernandes Vidal ◽  
Joacil Carlos da Silva ◽  
Jefferson Jane Oliveira Souza ◽  
Sara Pimentel Belleza Bernardino ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Urinary Dysfunctions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Classical Triad ◽  
Early Diagnostic

In neuroschistosomiasis, the spinal cord is the most common place of the disease. In high prevalent areas for schistosomiasis mansoni, the clinical alertness is important for an early diagnostic, in order to decrease the final neurological damage. This study provides some useful neurologic information about a series of patients with schistosomal myelitis. METHOD: The sample consisted of 13 schistosomiasis mansoni carriers examined at the moment of the diagnosis of myelitis. RESULTS: The classical triad (lumbago, weakness at the lower limbs and urinary dysfunctions) was documented in 11 (86.61%) patients. The distribution of the clinical forms was: myeloradicular in six patients (46.15%), radicular in four (30.76%) and myelitic in three (23.07%). CONCLUSION: The radicular dysfunction and their clinical associated forms were the most prominent pattern during the early phase of this disease.

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