The 19th century Newfoundland seal fishery and the influence of Scottish whalemen

Polar Record ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (126) ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesley W. Sanger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origins of the contemporary Newfoundland Harp and Hooded Seal fisheries can be traced back to the 16th and 17th centuries when ‘Biscainers’ (Spanish Basques) hunted whales, walrus and seals in the Gulf of St Lawrence and along the southern coast of Labrador (Prowse, 1895, p 43; Barkham, 1978). Throughout the next 400 years, as the seal fishery developed—both the landsmen and vessel operations—it became a major influence on the spread and character of settlement over a large area of Newfoundland and Labrador. By the middle of the 19th century, the large off-shore vessel operation had assumed the dominant role, and its contribution to the overall economic growth was second only to the cod fishery.

THE TOWNSEND JOURNAL: ACCOUNTING FOR THE MARITIME TRADE IN 1840s BOSTON BASED ON B. F. FOSTER'S APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L Holley ◽  
Dale L. Flesher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACT: The 19th century brought on much economic growth and advancement in accounting in the United States. The teaching of accounting began to veer away from rules and instead sought the logical underpinnings of the system. It was a time when accounting evolved into accountancy through the development of theory, such as the proprietary theory and the theory of two-account series. The Townsend Journal (1840-1841), which chronicles the joint venture between two young men in the Boston maritime trade, is a case study of this progression in commerce and accounting during this pivotal time. B. F. Foster's contemporaneous Boston publications on bookkeeping provide the framework to understand this evolution in accountancy, as well as the recordings in the Townsend Journal. Through the examination of the Townsend Journal alongside B. F. Foster's texts, this paper preserves and illustrates a historical link in the evolution of the field.

Commodity Market Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Federico
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Commodity Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
The 19Th Century

The literature on market integration explores the development of the commodity market with data on prices, which is a useful complement to analysis of trade and the only feasible approach when data on trade are not available. Data on prices and quantity can help in understanding when markets developed, why, and the degree to which their development increased welfare and economic growth. Integration progressed slowly throughout the early modern period, with significant acceleration in the first half of the 19th century. Causes of integration include development of transportation infrastructure, changes in barriers to trade, and short-term shocks, such as wars. Literature on the effects of market integration is limited and strategies for estimating the effects of market integration are must be developed.

scholarly journals A contribution to Norway’s political geography: The Haugean parliamentarians in the Storting (Norwegian parliament) in the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Kjell Bjørn Minde
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Lasting Influence

During the modernization of the Norwegian economy in the 1800s, different national and international pietistic and puritan groups, such as the Haugeans in Norway, probably played an important role in promotion of economic growth. The importance they had on the modernization of society in Norway, however, is not limited to the modernization of the economy alone, but also to the expansion of civil and political rights.An important underlying question in the assessment of the role the Haugeans may have played in the modernization process in Norway is if they were numerous and strong enough in the Parliament and elsewhere to affect the community and leave a lasting influence on Norwegian history.This study is an attempt to contribute to such a clarification by trying to identify the number of Haugean-minded members in the Norwegian Parliament during the 1800s. Efforts to identify who they were and how many of the representatives that were Haugean-minded members of the Parliament, has been going on for a long time. Paradoxically, at present there is still no consensus. The estimates have ranged from 4 to 49.The survey indicates that the number may have been slightly higher than assumed. 73 were elected as representatives or deputy representatives, of which 60 took seats in the Storting during 1814–1910.The figure may have been higher than this as well, but only future research can determine how much higher.

scholarly journals The Role of British Legislations and the Working Class Movement in Bombay: A Historical Study of the Factory Acts of 1881 and 1891 in India.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Avkash Daulatrao Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Working Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

India has been a country to raise inquisitiveness from ancient times. The era of colonialism in India unfolds many dimensions of struggle by the natives and the attempts of travesty by the imperialist powers. This paper will focus on the two landmark legislation of the end of the 19th century specifically pertaining to the labour conditions in India. The changing paradigms of the urban and rural labour underwent a phenomenal change by the mid 19th century. The characteristic which distinguishes the modern period in world history from all past periods is the fact of economic growth.   

scholarly journals The Сonsumption Level in the Impoverished Center of Russia and the Causes of the Russian Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-843
Author(s):  
S. A. Nefedov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Large Area ◽  
General Dynamics ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Large Farms

The article shows that the general dynamics of consumption was oscillatory in nature and there were significant provincial differences. Two methods are used to identify these differences. The first method is based on a direct calculation of the grain remaining in the provinces by taking into account the crop, import and export. The second method is based on anthropometry data, on data on the growth of recruits in various provinces. This second method allows you to determine the dynamics of the standard of living in various provinces in the half-century before the revolution as well. Both methods indicate the existence of a large area of low consumption in the Central Black Earth region, and the standard of living in this area has a downward trend. These results are consistent with the findings of the 1901 Commission, which characterized the region as an “area of impoverishment”. Correlation analysis shows that “impoverishment” was due to the fact that in the first half of the 19th century this region had the largest percentage of serfs; it was an area of distribution of corvée latifundia. During the liberation, serfs received small allotments, which decreased with population growth. At the same time, the remaining large landowners exported their bread to other regions and outside the country. The combination of peasant low land and export-oriented large farms led to agrarian conflicts. Here was the epicenter of peasant uprisings in 1905 and 1917, and these provinces became Bolshevik “fortresses” during the Civil War.

Great Britain and France

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Matthew Kroenig
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Glorious Revolution ◽  
The 19Th Century

This chapter examines Great Britain’s rise to global ascendancy and its world-spanning rivalry with France. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Britain adopted a more democratic form of government and this contributed to economic growth, including the industrial revolution, and diplomatic and military success. Its path to the top was not easy, however, as Britain confronted the challenge from autocratic France on the European continent. It fought major wars against Louis XIV and Napoleon, but emerged victorious in the end, setting the stage for Britain’s global empire and the Pax Britannica of the 19th century.

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