Emperor penguin colony at Cape Washington, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (157) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Kooyman ◽  
Donald Croll ◽  
Sheridan Stone ◽  
Steven Smith
Keyword(s):  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Hydrurga Leptonyx ◽  
History Of ◽  
Penguin Colony ◽  
Ice Edge

AbstractThis article describes the natural history of a large colony of emperor penguins Aptenodytes for steri, its size, dispersal pattern of chicks, and associations with other bird and mammal species. A mid-season count of 19,364 chicks indicated that about 20–25,000 breeding pairs had been present in June and July. The colony was fragmented into several sub-groups which showed different mean sizes of chicks and survival to fledging. Other species observed included leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx, the only major predators, which preyed heavily on both adults and fledging chicks. Fledgelings left the colony over a period of about 10 days; departure was an active process in which the chicks walked to the ice edge and dispersed in groups, swimming consistently southward. At this time they were still in about 60% down and weighed about 10 kg, having lost some 30% of the heaviest mass achieved during parental feeding.

Population estimates of emperor penguins at Amanda Bay, Ingrid Christensen Coast, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wienecke ◽  
Peter Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Penguin Colony ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTIn 2008, the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colony at Amanda Bay, East Antarctica, was designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area by the 31st Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is only the third emperor penguin colony in the Australian Antarctic Territory to receive this status. The colony has been known to exist since 1956 and numerous visits have been made to it, especially by personnel from Australia's Davis station. On a number of occasions, attempts were made to estimate the number of birds in the colony in order to obtain an insight into the size of the breeding population. Here we report on the history of visitation to the colony since the 1950s and examine the quality of information collected with regard to the usefulness of this information in terms of population analyses. We also report the results of the first visit to the Amanda Bay colony made in winter with the specific purpose of estimating the number of birds present and of highlighting the need for long term monitoring programmes to assess the viability of emperor penguins in future.

The history of the discovery of emperor penguin colonies, 1902–2004

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wienecke
Keyword(s):  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Aptenodytes Forsteri ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThis article summarises the history of the discovery of emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colonies. Emperor penguins were probably first seen on James Cook's second voyage (1773–1775) but were not recorded as a separate species until 1844. The first breeding colony of these birds was found in 1902 and a further 32 were sighted over the next century. The total number of colonies is still unknown but today satellite technology is aiding the process of discovery.

Chick production at the largest emperor penguin colony decreases by 50% from 2008–10

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Kooyman ◽  
P.J. Ponganis
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Previous Estimate ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Recent Estimate ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Penguin Colony

AbstractThe emperor penguin colony at Coulman Island is reputedly the largest known. This reputation is based on intermittent ground and aerial surveys performed since 1958. From an aerial survey obtained on 28 October 2010 we discovered that the total number of chicks was 56% of the lowest previous estimate of 2006 and only 41% of the most recent estimate in 2008. All of the counts tallied since 1983 were determined either by ground counts or from aerial film or digital photographs, or estimates from adult counts. We also determined the sea ice conditions in autumn, which is close to the time the adults arrive to breed. We present three hypotheses of what might have happened from 2008–10 to cause the step change in chick production, the small recovery of chick numbers in 2011, and the complete recovery of number of adults from 2010–11. We conclude that local circumstances may have strongly influenced the breeding behaviour of the emperor penguins in 2010 and to a lesser degree in 2011 when many adults elected not to breed.

First North African record of a melanistic common genet (Genetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758)

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Ahmim ◽  
Hafid Aroudj ◽  
Farouk Aroudj ◽  
Saaid Saidi ◽  
Samir Aroudj
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
North African ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Genetta Genetta ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
True Occurrence

Abstract The common genet (Genetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758) is a rare and protected mammal species in Algeria. We report the first melanistic individual of this species ever recorded in North Africa. Such animals have only been recorded in Spain and Portugal so far. It is unclear why melanistic common genets seem to be so rare in its African range. More research is needed to determine the true occurrence of melanistic individuals, and what the evolutionary history of melanism is in common genets.

scholarly journals An overview of the mammals of the Gila region, New Mexico

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Jones ◽  
Schuyler W. Liphardt ◽  
Jonathan L. Dunnum
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sky Islands ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Landscape Complexity ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
History Of

A study of the mammals of the Gila region of New Mexico was conducted from 2012 through 2020, with 2,919 voucher specimens collected through fieldwork and collaborations with commercial trappers, in addition to data from camera traps, review of major holdings at 46 museums (n = 12,505 georeferenced specimens), and literature review.  Specimens cover a 170-year span, dating back to 1850 and were unevenly distributed spatially and temporally across the Gila region.  Most areas were very poorly represented and when summed across all mammal species, ranged from 0.02 to 3.7 specimens per km2.  The survey documented 108 species (104 now extant) for the region.  High species richness, greater than that reported for 38 states in the United States, is likely due to the juxtaposition of multiple biomes in the Gila, including the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Great Basin deserts, the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental, and nearby “sky islands’’ of the Southwest.  Two species, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Zapus luteus, are documented for the first time from the study area.  Expansions of the known range of these species, and Sciurus arizonensis are described from specimen and camera data.  Preliminary phylogeographic studies of four species (Notiosorex crawfordi, Neotoma albigula, Perognathus flavus, and Thomomys bottae) using the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene reveal the dynamic biogeographic history of the region and reinforce how landscape complexity and climate change have jointly contributed to diversification and thus high mammalian diversity in the region.

Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pinshow ◽  
MA Fedak ◽  
DR Battles ◽  
K Schmidt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Emperor Penguins

During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea, huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass, 23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees C. Between 20 and -10 degrees C the metabolic rate (standard metabolic rate (SMR)) remained neraly constant, about 42.9 W. Below -10 degrees C metabolic rate increased lineraly with decreasing ambient temperature and at -47 degrees C it was 70% above the SMR. Mean thermal conductance below -10 degrees C was 1.57 W m-2 degrees C-1. Metabolic rate during treadmill walking increased linearly with increasing speed. Our data suggest that walking 200 km (from the sea to the rookery and back) requires less than 15% of the energy reserves of a breeding male emperor penguin initially weighing 35 kg. The high energy requirement for thermoregulation (about 85%) would, in the absence of huddling, probably exceed the total energy reserves.

scholarly journals The evolutionary history of a mammal species with a highly fragmented range: the phylogeography of the European snow vole

2009 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Castiglia ◽  
F. Annesi ◽  
B. Kryštufek ◽  
M. G. Filippucci ◽  
G. Amori
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
History Of

The diet of the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, in Amanda Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Gales ◽  
N.T.W. Klages ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
E.J. Woehler
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Pleuragramma Antarcticum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Aptenodytes Forsteri ◽  
Local Topography

The diet of the emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri (Gray) in Amanda Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica, was studied by analysis of adult stomach contents during part of the chick-rearing period from August to October 1986. The penguins consumed almost entirely fish, mainly Pleuragramma antarcticum (Boulenger) (78% by number and 78% by mass). Other fish species, cephalopods and crustaceans were minor components. These results and those of the only other two, geographically distinct, quantitative studies of the diet of emperor penguins suggest that the diet of this species varies through the effects of local topography and hydrology on prey availability.

Predation of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) by leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rogers ◽  
M. M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Prydz Bay ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Hydrurga Leptonyx ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Adélie Penguins

The behaviour of leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx, feeding on Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, was investigated between November 1993 and January 1994 in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The seals were distributed along the fast-ice edge in locations where departing penguins congregated. Five different hunting techniques were observed, four of which were used through most of the summer. Individual leopard seals favoured specific hunting techniques. Hitherto, penguin hunting was believed to be carried out primarily by a few male seals; in this study, however, the predation observed involved many different individuals of both sexes. It is estimated that six leopard seals feeding in this area over a period of 120 days would consume 2.7% of the adult penguin population.

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