The Cardinal Needs Schedule – a modified version of the MRC Needs for Care Assessment Schedule

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marshall ◽  
L. I. Hogg ◽  
D. H. Gath ◽  
A. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Needs For Care ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Modified Schedule ◽  
Assessment Of Need

SYNOPSISThis paper describes a modified version of the MRC Needs for Care Schedule (the Cardinal Needs Schedule), for measuring needs for psychiatric and social care amongst patients with severe psychiatric disorders. The modified schedule has three new features: (i) it is quick and easy to use; (ii) it takes systematic account of the views of patients and their carers; (iii) it defines and identifies need in a way that is concise and easy to interpret. The paper describes why the three new features were considered necessary, and then gives an overview of the structure of the Cardinal Needs Schedule, together with a description of how the three new features were developed. During a study of social services care management the practicality of the modified schedule was investigated and further data were obtained on the reliability and validity of the standardized approach to measuring need, in domains not previously investigated. Because of its speed and simplicity, the Cardinal Needs Schedule offers a new choice to researchers who wish to use a standardized and practical assessment of need in evaluative studies of community care. Examples of the usage of the modified schedule are given in an Appendix.

scholarly journals Social services departments: success or failure?

Social Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Terry Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Security Funds

Social Services departments, created after the 1970 Local Authority Social Services Act, survived for nearly half a century. Their ability to meet the vision set out in the Seebohm Report was compromised by curtailment of expansion after the financial crisis in 1975. Their reputation was damaged by a number of widely reported child deaths in which social work was seen as passive and ineffective. Severe criticism followed when they were viewed as over active as in Cleveland and Orkney. As a result social services were seen as toxic in deprived communities. Despite winning responsibility for community care in the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act, departments suffered, first, from the requirement to spend the bulk of transferred social security funds in the independent sector and secondly from the prolonged squeeze on local government spending. The potential of care management for innovation and empowering service users was never fully realised.

Further reliability and validity studies of a procedure to assess the needs for care of the chronically mentally ill

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van Haaster ◽  
A. D. Lesage ◽  
M. Cyr ◽  
J. Toupin
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Needs For Care ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Validity Studies

SynopsisThe Needs for Care Assessment Schedule (NFCAS; Brewin et al. 1987) is an itemized and systematic procedure that aims to evaluate the needs for care of long-term mentally ill patients. The present study pursues reliability and validity related issues with the NFCAS in a different cultural context applying the procedure to 98 severely mentally ill patients belonging to different patient groups: short-term, long-term, in-patient and out-patient.Inter-rater reliability was found to be excellent. The results suggest that a clinician with little practical experience and adequate training may effectively use the procedure. The assessment of clinical relevance suggested that the procedure is both applicable and pertinent to all the patients in the study. Additional guidelines were developed for its use with long-term in-patients.

Implementing Adult Protection Policies in Kent and East Sussex

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
HILARY BROWN ◽  
JUNE STEIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Vulnerable Adults ◽  
Professional Judgement ◽  
Adult Protection

This paper reports the extent and nature of adult protection cases dealt with by two Social Services Departments during a twelve month period in 1995–6, within the framework of newly revised generic policies on abuse of vulnerable adults. The two counties varied in the level of reporting documented and in the number of cases logged for individuals who fall within the main four groups of ‘vulnerable adults’ covered by the policies. Arguments for consistent reporting are set out and the tension which exists between formal and informal approaches to the subsequent investigation of abuse discussed with reference to American vulnerable adult statutes. Adult protection work inevitably overlaps with existing planning and regulation systems such as social care assessment, care planning, the care programme approach and inspection and registration of residential homes. The point at which these systems need to be augmented by specific adult protection procedures is a matter of professional judgement and negotiation within and between agencies. Continued monitoring of cases reported under the procedures will allow these authorities to reflect on progress to date and may provide one set of norms against which other authorities can evaluate their own practice.

Suicidality of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients in Long-Term Community Care

Crisis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kallert ◽  
Matthias Leisse ◽  
Peter Winiecki
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Needs For Care ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Summary: In the provision of mental health care for chronic schizophrenic patients, the specific problems and requirements of long-term community care of suicidal behavior is an area of research not yet fully explored. This study focuses on a 4 ½-year prospective assessment of normative and subjective needs for care related to this specific area for a cohort living in the Dresden region (Germany). One significant result of this study shows the constant high level of needs for care in the area of suicidal behavior imposed on community services by 30-40% of this diagnostic group. Furthermore, the study identified a special high-risk subgroup for suicides as well as specific needs for care. This subgroup is characterized by clinical reasons for the index hospitalization (suicidal risk or attempt) as well as by psychopathological features (suicidal thoughts and higher levels of anxiety/depression) 1 month after release from index hospitalization. Four items of care were rated as potentially effective for addressing suicidality in the community setting: clinical assessment, increased supervision or systematic recording of (suicidal) behavior, medication, and a sheltered environment. Because these care measures are provided, the percentage of unmet normative needs for the area of suicidal behavior was rather low. Due to limitations of the instrument used for assessment of normative needs, the Needs for Care Assessment (NFCAS), the care measures most frequently provided do not define a quality standard of community care for this problem. A subjective needs assessment differing from the normative approach has to be integrated in establishing guidelines for effective community care.

scholarly journals The NHS and Community Care Act 1990

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra I. Angunawela ◽  
Andrew Barker ◽  
Simon D. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Patient Costs ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Delayed Discharges ◽  
Discharge Profile

Aims and MethodThe Community Care Act came into effect in April 1993. In order to see what impact this would have on the discharge profile of dementia inpatients, prospective studies of inpatient discharges from a dementia assessment ward before the Act, and five and 41 months after the Act were conducted.ResultsThe proportion of patients discharged to their own homes and to residential/nursing homecare remained unaffected by the Act. Duration of hospital stay increased after the Act in 1993 and 1996 (P=O.02) largely due to delays in placement into care homes. Placement delay was increased both in 1993 and 1996, but by 1996 the difference was no longer statistically significant. Duration of hospital stay was unaffected by the Act for those patients discharged to their own homes.Clinical ImplicationsThe new care management process by social services was found to be associated with delayed discharges for people with dementia requiring residential/nursing home placements, thus causing pressures on beds and hig her in-patient costs.

scholarly journals The consultant psychiatrist and community care

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Muijen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Lead Agency ◽  
Consultant Psychiatrist ◽  
Health Centres

It cannot be ignored that community care is now a fact, and not merely an issue. Some mental hospitals have closed and the number of mental illness beds have been reduced overall by about 40% over the last decade and a range of hostels, multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams and community mental health centres have been launched. The move towards well integrated and well coordinated community care has been urged by a large number of reports, white papers and policies including the second Griffiths report, Working for Patients, Caring for People, The Health of the Nation, the Care Programme Approach and care management, with social services becoming the lead agency in community care.

Principles and practice of measuring needs in the long-term mentally ill: the MRC Needs for Care Assessment

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Brewin ◽  
J. K. Wing ◽  
S. P. Mangen ◽  
T. S. Brugha ◽  
B. MacCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Needs For Care ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Potential Applications

SynopsisWe report the development of a new procedure for assessing the needs for treatment and care of the long-term mentally ill. This procedure covers 21 areas of clinical and social functioning, and in each of these specifies appropriate interventions. Decision rules are described which permit problems in functioning to be primarily classified as a met need, an unmet need, or as involving no need, and which allow the identification of various secondary needs. We report preliminary data on the reliability and validity of this procedure and discuss its potential applications in the care of the long-term mentally ill.

scholarly journals Development of the ITHACA Toolkit for monitoring human rights and general health care in psychiatric and social care institutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randall ◽  
G. Thornicroft ◽  
L. Burti ◽  
H. Katschnig ◽  
O. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Services ◽  
General Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Care Assessment

Background.Human rights violations are commonly experienced by people in psychiatric and social care institutions. States and private organizations providing such health and social services must comply with international human rights law. Monitoring of such compliance is increasingly recognized as a vital component in ensuring that rights are respected and violations are brought out in the open, remedied and prevented.Aims.The Institutional Treatment, Human Rights and Care Assessment (ITHACA) project produced a method to document violations and good practice with the aim of preventing human rights violations and improving general health care practice in psychiatric and social care institutions (www.ithacastudy.eu).Methods.A methodological and implementation study conducted across 15 European countries developed and assessed the ITHACA Toolkit in monitoring visits to 87 mental health organizations.Results.The toolkit is available in 13 European languages and has demonstrated applicability in a range of contexts and conditions. The information gathered through monitoring visits can document both good practice and areas for improvement.Conclusions.The ITHACA Toolkit is an acceptable and feasible method for the systematic monitoring of human rights and general health care in psychiatric and social care institutions that explicitly calls for the participation of service users in the monitoring of human rights violations and general health care practice.

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