The Impact of In-House Software Development Practices on System Usability in the Social Security Funds in Tanzania

In-house software development is a critical phenomenon for the production of efficient and effective software in generating requisite job output. A few studies have devoted efforts towards establishing the impact of in-house software development on software. Therefore, this paper is an effort towards establishing the impact of in-house software development practices on system usability. In pursuit of this paper, a sample of a sample size of 169, at 95% confidence level, with margin error of 5% was drawn from bold software users, i.e. 300 employees who used the all software including those dealing with the main stream activities. A total of 102 respondents actually responded to the questionnaires. The Online Sample Calculator was used to draw the sample. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and processed using the SPSS. Descriptive statistics were applied in the analysis. Findings of the study indicate that software development practices, specifically usability test and user involvement in software designing and development had an impact on determining software usability for in-house software. The paper concludes that software development practices shape the design of the software; hence influence usability of the software produced. Recommended is therefore that software usability test and user involvement in software designing and development be promoted for effective software production.

Construction of Social Security Fund Cloud Audit Platform Based on Fuzzy Data Mining Algorithm

Guided by the theories of system theory, synergetic theory, and other disciplines and based on fuzzy data mining algorithm, this article constructs a three-tier social security fund cloud audit platform. Firstly, the article systematically expounds the current situation of social security fund and social security fund audit, such as the technical basis of cloud computing and data mining. Combined with the actual work, the necessity and feasibility of building a cloud audit platform for social security funds are analyzed. This article focuses on the construction of the cloud audit platform for social security funds. The general idea of using fuzzy data mining algorithm to build the social security fund audit cloud platform is to compress the knowledge contained in a large number of data into the weights between nodes and optimize the weights through the learning of the neural network system. Through the optimization function, the information contained in the neural network is stored in a few weights as far as possible. The main information is further highlighted by network clipping and removing weights that have little impact on the output.

Sozialpolitik zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie. Niederösterreichische Positionen bei der Errichtung gesamtstaatlicher Sozialversicherungen

Social Policy between the Centre and the Periphery. Lower Austrian Positions and the Establishment of State Social Security. In the 1880s, the Cisleithanian half of the Habsburg Monarchy began to develop a state social policy. The laws on accident insurance (1887) and health insurance (1888) established a material safeguard against typical risks of working life on the national level. The parliamentary negotiations were situated in the context of the debate over the relationship between the state and its lands, between the centre and the periphery of the empire. Lower Austrian actors positioned themselves in these negotiations primarily as representatives of the imperial center and called for centralized implementation of social insurance. Contrary to these demands, social security funds had federal elements and opened up possibilities for new political links between the centre and the periphery.

North-west Nigerian insecurity faces new escalation

Significance The claim that one of Boko Haram’s factions sponsored the Kankara attack reinforces fears that jihadist outreach to bandit groups is succeeding and that violence will grow in coming months. Impacts Precautionary school closures will displace thousands of schoolchildren, and further disrupt educational access in one of the poorest zones. North-western governors will pressure Buhari for new targeted security funds, much of which will likely fall victim to fraud and corruption. Abuja’s opaqueness about security issues, coupled with worsening violence in the north-west, could undermine the ruling party in 2023 polls.

Potential Mechanism Development of Local Health Security Funds and Graduate Volunteers on Health Management

Thailand has been faced the challenge to solve alcohol, tobacco, and drugs for decades. Many government sectors, especially ministry of public health, and nongovernment organizations, have critical roles in control and prevention. However, the other mechanisms are graduate volunteers and local health insurance funds that have not been yet cleared for their roles in these management. This study aimed to explore and develop the capacity of both mechanisms in generating plans and projects for fixing these health risk problems in community level. The study was conducted during June 2017-December 2018by a participatory action approach in 27 pilot provinces of 12 health regions, Thailand. The 578 participants consisting of100 graduate volunteers, 306local health security fund committee and 172 provincial coaching teams that were trained to create plans and projects through a specific website. The findings revealed that both mechanisms actioned in developing 843 plans for alcohol, tobacco, and drugs equally 276, 276, and 291, respectively. The 1,053 projects were approved to be done inside the community for alcohol, tobacco, and the drugs that were 325, 386, and 342, respectively. The strategic approaches in those plans and projected were categorized into8items:(1) New case prevention (2) Reducing an access (3) Quitting services (4) Alternative rehabilitation (5) Increasing social measures (6) Health protection for all (7) Increasing health risk communication (8) Personal role models and learning centers. These indicated that both mechanisms could be used for health risk solutions at the community level in all parts of Thailand.

Social services departments: success or failure?

Social Services departments, created after the 1970 Local Authority Social Services Act, survived for nearly half a century. Their ability to meet the vision set out in the Seebohm Report was compromised by curtailment of expansion after the financial crisis in 1975. Their reputation was damaged by a number of widely reported child deaths in which social work was seen as passive and ineffective. Severe criticism followed when they were viewed as over active as in Cleveland and Orkney. As a result social services were seen as toxic in deprived communities. Despite winning responsibility for community care in the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act, departments suffered, first, from the requirement to spend the bulk of transferred social security funds in the independent sector and secondly from the prolonged squeeze on local government spending. The potential of care management for innovation and empowering service users was never fully realised.

Transformation of Social Insurance as an Instrument of Social Security

he development of social insurance is a highly researched issue. However, its place and role in the system of social protection remains understudied, as well as its current transformations under the changing socio-economic conditions. The research objective was to analyze the development of social insurance as an instrument of social security in Russia and in the Siberian Federal District. The study featured the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of social insurance in the changing system of social security. The research was based on a systematic approach to social security and social insurance as one of its most important mechanisms. The article introduces a review of domestic and foreign researches. It also focuses on an analysis of related regulations and statistic data. The methods and materials made it possible to conduct a thorough analysis of the development of the compulsory social insurance in Russia as a governmental instrument. The authors also described the legal framework in the field of social insurance. The government supports the Social Security Funds. In the Siberian Federal District, the budget of the Social Security Funds increased due to the growing number of insurance premiums, e.g. taxes and penalties, as well as due to the state participation. The research revealed some changes processes in the sphere of social security in the Russian Federation. The changes proved to affect social insurance and the whole insurance industry.

Theoretical background and solutions for Social security model in Vietnam

Through analyzing statistical data, this research attempts to present the situation of the social security model in Vietnam in recent years, thereby pointing out the limitations in the issuance and implementation of relevant policies. The results show that: (i) although the participants in the social security have been expanded, the coverage is yet to meet the target; (ii) Vietnam is adopting the socialization model with the principle of "payment-benefit" where large numbers of participants join to share risks and funds are pooled to pay for the insured. However, there is still a difference between the payment-benefit level between participants and; (iii) the monopoly of the State in providing the service, managing and using the social security funds has revealed many shortcomings. Through analyzing the current practice, the authors propose some solutions to improve Vietnam's social security model in the coming period, including (i) expanding the coverage to ensure the benefits for the participants and increase the revenue; (ii) specifying the principles of insurance, in particular, the premium obligations and funding of the State for each target group so as to reduce the burden for the insurance funds; (iii) encouraging the participation of the private sector in the provision of services to avoid the overloading to the current insurance funds and offer more options for the participants and; (iv) improving the management and using of the funds.