scholarly journals Common mental disorders in young adults born late-preterm

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Heinonen ◽  
E. Kajantie ◽  
A.-K. Pesonen ◽  
M. Lahti ◽  
S. Pirkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Childhood Care

BackgroundResults of adulthood mental health of those born late-preterm (34 + 0–36 + 6 weeks + days of gestation) are mixed and based on national registers. We examined if late-preterm birth was associated with a higher risk for common mental disorders in young adulthood when using a diagnostic interview, and if this risk decreased as gestational age increased.MethodA total of 800 young adults (mean = 25.3, s.d. = 0.62 years), born 1985–1986, participated in a follow-up of the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study. Common mental disorders (mood, anxiety and substance use disorders) during the past 12 months were defined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (Munich version). Gestational age was extracted from hospital birth records and categorized into early-preterm (<34 + 0, n = 37), late-preterm (34 + 0–36 + 6, n = 106), term (37 + 0–41 + 6, n = 617) and post-term (⩾42 + 0, n = 40).ResultsThose born late-preterm and at term were at a similar risk for any common mental disorder [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–1.84], for mood (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.54–2.25), anxiety (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.40–2.50) and substance use (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.74–2.32) disorders, and co-morbidity of these disorders (p = 0.38). While the mental disorder risk decreased significantly as gestational age increased, the trend was driven by a higher risk in those born early-preterm.ConclusionsUsing a cohort born during the advanced neonatal and early childhood care, we found that not all individuals born preterm are at risk for common mental disorders in young adulthood – those born late-preterm are not, while those born early-preterm are at a higher risk. Available resources for prevention and intervention should be targeted towards the preterm group born the earliest.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders in elderly people: The European MentDis_ICF65+ study

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylke Andreas ◽  
Holger Schulz ◽  
Jana Volkert ◽  
Maria Dehoust ◽  
Susanne Sehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Substance Related Disorders ◽  
Older Men And Women

BackgroundExcept for dementia and depression, little is known about common mental disorders in elderly people.AimsTo estimate current, 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in different European and associated countries using a standardised diagnostic interview adapted to measure the cognitive needs of elderly people.MethodThe MentDis_ICF65+ study is based on an age-stratified, random sample of 3142 older men and women (65–84 years) living in selected catchment community areas of participating countries.ResultsOne in two individuals had experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime, one in three within the past year and nearly one in four currently had a mental disorder. The most prevalent disorders were anxiety disorders, followed by affective and substance-related disorders.ConclusionsCompared with previous studies we found substantially higher prevalence rates for most mental disorders. These findings underscore the need for improving diagnostic assessments adapted to the cognitive capacity of elderly people. There is a need to raise awareness of psychosocial problems in elderly people and to deliver high-quality mental health services to these individuals.

scholarly journals Lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders in Japan: results from the final dataset of World Mental Health Japan Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
N. Kawakami ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.The aim of this study is to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in Japan based on the final data set of the World Mental Health Japan Survey conducted in 2002–2006.Methods.Face-to-face household interviews of 4130 respondents who were randomly selected from Japanese-speaking residents aged 20 years or older were conducted from 2002 to 2006 in 11 community populations in Japan (overall response rate, 56%). The World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay administered psychiatric diagnostic interview, was used for diagnostic assessment.Results.Lifetime/12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV common mental disorders in Japan was estimated to be 20.3/7.6%. Rank-order of four classes of mental disorders was anxiety disorders (8.1/4.9%), substance disorders (7.4/1.0%), mood disorders (6.5/2.3%) and impulse control disorders (2.0/0.7%). The most common individual disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (7.3/0.9%), major depressive disorder (6.1/2.2%), specific phobia (3.4/2.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2.6/1.3%). While the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was greater for males and the middle-aged, the persistence (proportion of 12-month cases among lifetime cases) of any mental disorder was greater for females and younger respondents. Among those with any 12-month disorder, 15.3% were classified as severe, 44.1% moderate and 40.6% mild. Although a strong association between severity and service use was found, only 21.9% of respondents with any 12-month disorder sought treatment within the last 12 months; only 37.0% of severe cases received medical care. The mental health specialty sector was the most common resource used in Japan. Although the prevalence of mental disorders were quite low, mental disorders were the second most prevalent cause of severe role impairment among chronic physical and mental disorders.Conclusions.These results suggest lower prevalence of mental disorders in Japan than that in Western countries, although the general pattern of disorders, risk factors and unmet need for treatment were similar to those in other countries. Greater lifetime prevalence for males and greater persistence for females seems a unique feature of Japan, suggesting a cultural difference in gender-related etiology and course of disorders. The treatment rate in Japan was lower than that in most other high-income countries in WMH surveys.

scholarly journals Adolescent mental health and behavioural predictors of being NEET: a prospective study of young adults not in employment, education, or training

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rodwell ◽  
H. Romaniuk ◽  
W. Nilsen ◽  
J. B. Carlin ◽  
K. J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Employment Education

BackgroundYoung adults who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET) are at risk of long-term economic disadvantage and social exclusion. Knowledge about risk factors for being NEET largely comes from cross-sectional studies of vulnerable individuals. Using data collected over a 10-year period, we examined adolescent predictors of being NEET in young adulthood.MethodsWe used data on 1938 participants from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, a community-based longitudinal study of adolescents in Victoria, Australia. Associations between common mental disorders, disruptive behaviour, cannabis use and drinking behaviour in adolescence, and NEET status at two waves of follow-up in young adulthood (mean ages of 20.7 and 24.1 years) were investigated using logistic regression, with generalised estimating equations used to account for the repeated outcome measure.ResultsOverall, 8.5% of the participants were NEET at age 20.7 years and 8.2% at 24.1 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found evidence of increased risk of being NEET among frequent adolescent cannabis users [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–2.75] and those who reported repeated disruptive behaviours (ORadj= 1.71; 95% CI 1.15–2.55) or persistent common mental disorders in adolescence (ORadj= 1.60; 95% CI 1.07–2.40). Similar associations were present when participants with children were included in the same category as those in employment, education, or training.ConclusionsYoung people with an early onset of mental health and behavioural problems are at risk of failing to make the transition from school to employment. This finding reinforces the importance of integrated employment and mental health support programmes.

Mental Disorders Among Maori Attending Their General Practitioner

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Bushnell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Specific Factors

Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and material deprivation. Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. Results: Rates of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori. Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone. Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly take those factors into account.

scholarly journals Pre-Discharge Predictors of 1-Year Rehospitalization in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Mental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
Daniele Cavaleri ◽  
Federico Moretti ◽  
Bianca Bachi ◽  
Angela Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder

Background and objectives: Readmissions of youths hospitalized for a severe mental disorder are common events and bear a remarkable human, social, and economic burden. The current study aimed at evaluating predictors of 1-year rehospitalization in a sample of adolescents and young adults with severe mental disorders. Materials and Methods: Data for ≤25-year-old inpatients with a severe mental disorder and consecutively admitted between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2019 were collected. Subjects were retrospectively assessed over a follow-up period of one year after the index discharge to track readmissions—i.e., the primary outcome variable. Standard descriptive statistics were used. The association between variables and 1-year rehospitalization was estimated using the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. We then carried out a multivariable Cox regression model, also estimating the covariate-adjusted survivor function. Hazard ratios (HRs) with related 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were provided. Results: The final sample included 125 individuals. The multivariable Cox regression model estimated that co-occurring substance use disorders (HR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.26; p = 0.029) and being admitted for a suicide attempt (HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.13 to 5.49; p = 0.024) were both significant predictors of 1-year rehospitalization. Conclusions: Our study showed that comorbid substance use disorders and being admitted for a suicide attempt were predictors of early readmission in youths with severe mental disorders. Although their generalizability is limited, our findings could contribute to improve the quality of young patients’ mental health care by identifying vulnerable subjects who may benefit from tailored interventions to prevent rehospitalizations.

Late preterm birth, post-term birth, and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lahti ◽  
J. G. Eriksson ◽  
K. Heinonen ◽  
E. Kajantie ◽  
J. Lahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Late Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk

Background.Late preterm births constitute the majority of preterm births. However, most evidence suggesting that preterm birth predicts the risk of mental disorders comes from studies on earlier preterm births. We examined if late preterm birth predicts the risks of severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood. We also studied whether adulthood mental disorders are associated with post-term birth or with being born small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age, which have been previously associated with psychopathology risk in younger ages.Method.Of 12 597 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants, born 1934–1944, 664 were born late preterm, 1221 post-term, 287 SGA, and 301 LGA. The diagnoses of mental disorders were identified from national hospital discharge and cause of death registers from 1969 to 2010. In total, 1660 (13.2%) participants had severe mental disorders.Results.Individuals born late preterm did not differ from term-born individuals in their risk of any severe mental disorder. However, men born late preterm had a significantly increased risk of suicide. Post-term birth predicted significantly increased risks of any mental disorder in general and particularly of substance use and anxiety disorders. Individuals born SGA had significantly increased risks of any mental and substance use disorders. Women born LGA had an increased risk of psychotic disorders.Conclusions.Although men born late preterm had an increased suicide risk, late preterm birth did not exert widespread effects on adult psychopathology. In contrast, the risks of severe mental disorders across adulthood were increased among individuals born SGA and individuals born post-term.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
N Thakur ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents. Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students. Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use. Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.

scholarly journals Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: a comparison of five screening questionnaires

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patel ◽  
R. Araya ◽  
N. Chowdhary ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Distress Scale

BackgroundScreening of patients for common mental disorders (CMDs) is needed in primary-care management programmes. This study aimed to compare the screening properties of five widely used questionnaires.MethodAdult attenders in five primary-care settings in India were recruited through systematic sampling. Four questionnaires were administered, in pairs, in random order to participants: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items); the Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ, nine items); the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 items), and from which we could extract the score of the shorter 6-item K6; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ, 20 items). All participants were interviewed with a structured lay diagnostic interview, the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultsComplete data were available for 598 participants (participation rate 99.3%). All five questionnaires showed moderate to high discriminating ability; the GHQ and SRQ showed the best results. All five showed moderate to high degrees of correlation with one another, the poorest being between the two shortest questionnaires, K6 and PHQ. All five had relatively good internal consistency. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the questionnaires compared with the diagnostic interview ranged from 51% to 77% at the optimal cut-off scores.ConclusionsThere is little difference in the ability of these questionnaires to identify cases accurately, but none showed high PPVs without a considerable compromise on sensitivity. Hence, the choice of an optimum cut-off score that yields the best balance between sensitivity and PPV may need to be tailored to individual settings, with a higher cut-off being recommended in resource-limited primary-care settings.

scholarly journals Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Fone ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Ann John ◽  
Keith Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Community Settings

BackgroundThe relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known.AimsTo investigate associations between the small-area MINI score and common mental disorder at individual level.MethodMental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF-36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards.ResultsThe MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled.ConclusionsThe MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.

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