Facets of Conscientiousness and risk of dementia

BackgroundMultiple studies have found Conscientiousness to be protective against dementia. The purpose of this study is to identify which specific aspects, or facets, of Conscientiousness are most protective against cognitive impairment and whether these associations are moderated by demographic factors and/or genetic risk.MethodsHealth and Retirement Study participants were selected for analysis if they completed the facets of Conscientiousness measure, scored in the range of normal cognitive functioning at the baseline personality assessment, and had at least one follow-up assessment of cognition over the up to 6-year follow-up (N = 11 181). Cox regression was used to test for risk of incident dementia and risk of incident cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND).ResultsOver the follow-up, 278 participants developed dementia and 2186 participants developed CIND. The facet of responsibility had the strongest and most consistent association with dementia risk: every standard deviation increase in this facet was associated with a nearly 35% decreased risk of dementia; self-control and industriousness were also protective. Associations were generally similar when controlling for clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors. These three facets were also independent predictors of decreased risk of CIND.ConclusionsThe present research indicates that individuals who see themselves as responsible, able to control their behavior, and hard workers are less likely to develop CIND or dementia and that these associations persist after accounting for some common clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors.

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Genetic Risk Factors For Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Critical Illness

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a6718 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Max L. Gunther ◽

James C. Jackson ◽

Pratik Pandharipande ◽

Alessandro Morandi ◽

Maureen Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Factors

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Genetic risk factors for cancer-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Acta Oncologica ◽

10.1080/0284186x.2019.1578410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 537-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cecilie D. R. Buskbjerg ◽

Ali Amidi ◽

Ditte Demontis ◽

Eva R. Nissen ◽

Robert Zachariae

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Factors

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Diet, Lifestyle, and Genetic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study 2, and Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study

Current Nutrition Reports ◽

10.1007/s13668-014-0103-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 345-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Andres V. Ardisson Korat ◽

Walter C. Willett ◽

Frank B. Hu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Health Study ◽

Follow Up Study

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AWARE: Randomized study of an EMR-based intervention targeting hereditary cancer (CA) risk awareness in peri-op CA patients (pts).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e13119-e13119

Author(s):

Michael J. Hall ◽

Elizabeth Handorf ◽

Yana Chertock ◽

Cindy A Keleher ◽

Mark Siemon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Information Needs ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Risk Awareness ◽

The Impact

e13119 Background: Pts having CA surgery have high information needs related to diagnosis, stage, and what caused their CA. Direct EMR access via web portals has grown, and offers a novel means to integrate supplemental health information into the e-chart, such as relevant genetic risk of CA. The AWARE trial (Advancing Web-based Medical Record Access and Risk Evaluation for Cancer Patients) studied the impact of providing personalized pathology (pPATH) and pers/fam history (PFHx) summaries enhanced with information about genetic CA risk and risk assessment. Methods: Peri-op CA pts completed baseline and 3-mo follow-up surveys. Pts randomized to enhanced (E) arm received pPATH & PFHx summaries with embedded tailored info about genetic CA risk and relevant high-risk features. Unenhanced (U) arm got pPATH & PFHx only. Use of summaries and 2 “Genetic risk: Learn more” links was tracked. Outcomes-Primary: awareness, knowledge (of genetic CA risk); Secondary: perceived risk, use of “Learn more” links, intentions/actions toward risk assessment--were stratified by genetic risk factors reported at baseline (0-1, 2+) & use of “Learn more” links. Results: 171 pts consented; men (p = 0.003) & non-White (p = 0.02) were more likely to decline the study. Overall 149 (87%) were randomized & eligible to use AWARE: 109 (73%) logged in, 120 (81%) completed follow-up. Predictors of AWARE use: White race (p < 0.05), sib w/CA (p < 0.05), and use intention (p = 0.005). Reporting 2+ genetic risk factors at baseline predicted use of pPATH, PFHx, and “Learn more” (all p < 0.001). Awareness increased overall (p < 0.002), but between arm changes in primary outcomes were not significant. E arm (vs U) was borderline more likely to seek risk assessment (32% v 18%, p = 0.09), with impact stronger in pts reporting baseline 0-1 (p = 0.035) vs 2+ risk factors (p = 0.7). Among E arm pts who used “Learn more” links, intentions (p = 0.054) & behaviors (p = 0.035) to seek risk assessment increased. Conclusions: AWARE increased genetic risk awareness overall, but primary outcomes were not met. Usage data and secondary outcomes highlight potential for EMR-based interventions to positively impact preventive behaviors toward genetic risk assessment.

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Identifying sequence variants contributing to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative breast and ovarian cancer patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55515-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabeth Jarhelle ◽

Hilde Monica Frostad Riise Stensland ◽

Geir Åsmund Myge Hansen ◽

Siri Skarsfjord ◽

Christoffer Jonsrud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Sequence Variants ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Brca1 And Brca2 ◽

Pathogenic Variants

AbstractFamilies with breast and ovarian cancer are often tested for disease associated sequence variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Pathogenic sequence variants (PVs) in these two genes are known to increase breast and ovarian cancer risks in females. However, in most families no PVs are detected in these two genes. Currently, several studies have identified other genes involved in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). To identify genetic risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer in a Norwegian HBOC cohort, 101 breast and/or ovarian cancer patients negative for PVs and variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) in BRCA1/2 were screened for PVs in 94 genes using next-generation sequencing. Sixteen genes were closely scrutinized. Nine different deleterious germline PVs/likely pathogenic variants (LPVs) were identified in seven genes in 12 patients: three in ATM, and one in CHEK2, ERCC5, FANCM, RAD51C, TP53 and WRN. Additionally, 32 different VUSs were identified and these require further characterization. For carriers of PV/LPV in many of these genes, there are no national clinical management programs in Norway. The diversity of genetic risk factors possibly involved in cancer development show the necessity for more knowledge to improve the clinical follow-up of this genetically diverse patient group.

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Are large simple trials for dementia prevention possible?

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

William N Whiteley ◽

Sonia Anand ◽

Shrikant I Bangdiwala ◽

Jackie Bosch ◽

Michelle Canavan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Patient Organisations ◽

Dementia Prevention ◽

Prevention Trials

Abstract New trials of dementia prevention are needed to test novel strategies and agents. Large, simple, cardiovascular trials have successfully discovered treatments with moderate but worthwhile effects to prevent heart attack and stroke. The design of these trials may hold lessons for the dementia prevention. Here we outline suitable populations, interventions and outcomes for large simple trials in dementia prevention. We consider what features are needed to maximise efficiency. Populations could be selected by age, clinical or genetic risk factors or clinical presentation. Patients and their families prioritise functional and clinical outcomes over cognitive scores and levels of biomarkers. Loss of particular functions or dementia diagnoses therefore are most meaningful to participants and potential patients and can be measured in large trials. The size of the population and duration of follow-up needed for dementia prevention trials will be a major challenge and will need collaboration between many clinical investigators, funders and patient organisations.

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Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of cardiovascular events in the absence of risk factors in Chinese

Journal of Human Hypertension ◽

10.1038/s41371-021-00598-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chunpeng Ji ◽

Na Wang ◽

Jihong Shi ◽

Zhe Huang ◽

Shuohua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Study Participants

AbstractThe risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at currently defined normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in individuals without CVD risk factors is not well examined. We evaluated whether higher systolic blood pressure within the range considered normal is associated with a higher CVD risk in Chinese without traditional CVD risk factors. The community-based study included 25,529 individuals (mean age:47.3 ± 12.3 years;range:18–95 years) with a baseline SBP of 90–129 mmHg, who were free of CVD and traditional CVD risk factors, and who were re-examined in biennial intervals. During a mean follow-up of 10.6 ± 1.49 years (maximum. 11.5 years), 847 CVD events occurred. CVD incidence per 1000 person-years increased with higher baseline SBP levels (SBP,90–99 mmHg:1.45;100–109 mmHg:2.15;110–119 mmHg:3.06; and 120–129 mmHg:3.80). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, the categorical Cox regression suggested that the CVD risk was not statistically significant for study participants with a baseline SBP level of 100–109 mmHg, 110–119 mmHg, and 120–129 mmHg compared with those with a baseline SBP level of 90–99 mmHg. If CVD risk factors including blood pressure categories which developed during follow-up were included in a time-dependent Cox regression analysis, the normal baseline SBP was still not associated with incident CVDs. A SBP between 90 and 129 mmHg was not associated with an increased CVD risk in a healthy population.

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