Dissociation in victims of childhood abuse or neglect: a meta-analytic review

AbstractChildhood abuse and neglect are associated with dissociative symptoms in adulthood. However, empirical studies show heterogeneous results depending on the type of childhood abuse or neglect and other maltreatment characteristics. In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the relationship between childhood interpersonal maltreatment and dissociation in 65 studies with 7352 abused or neglected individuals using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). We extracted DES-scores for abused and non-abused populations as well as information about type of abuse/neglect, age of onset, duration of abuse, and relationship to the perpetrator. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis, and meta-regression was used to predict DES-scores in abused populations from maltreatment characteristics. The results revealed higher dissociation in victims of childhood abuse and neglect compared with non-abused or neglected subsamples sharing relevant population features (MAbuse = 23.5, MNeglect = 18.8, MControl = 13.8) with highest scores for sexual and physical abuse. An earlier age of onset, a longer duration of abuse, and parental abuse significantly predicted higher dissociation scores. This meta-analysis underlines the importance of childhood abuse/neglect in the etiology of dissociation. The identified moderators may inform risk assessment and early intervention to prevent the development of dissociative symptoms.

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Severity, frequency and age of onset of childhood abuse as factors in the development of dissociative symptoms

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e610072012-103 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Janet S. Kirby ◽

James A. Chu ◽

Diana L. Dill

Keyword(s):

Childhood Abuse ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Dissociative Symptoms

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open ◽

10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arjen L Sutterland ◽

David A Mounir ◽

Juul J Ribbens ◽

Bouke Kuiper ◽

Tom van Gool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Schizophrenia is associated with an increased prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii seropositivity), whereby the infection seems to precede the disorder. However, it remains unclear whether a T. gondii infection affects clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines examining the association between T. gondii seropositivity and severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms or age of onset in schizophrenia. PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo were systematically searched up to June 23, 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018087766). Random-effects models were used for analysis. Furthermore, the influence of potential moderators was analyzed. Indications for publication bias were examined. From a total of 934 reports, 13 studies were included. No overall effect on severity of total, positive, or negative symptoms was found. However, in patients with a shorter duration of illness T. gondii seropositivity was associated with more severe positive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32; P < .001). Similar but smaller effects were seen for total symptoms, while it was absent for negative symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher age of onset was found in those with T. gondii seropositivity (1.8 y, P = .015), although this last finding was probably influenced by publication bias and study quality. Taken together, these findings indicate that T. gondii infection has a modest effect on the severity of positive and total symptoms in schizophrenia among those in the early stages of the disorder. This supports the hypothesis that T. gondii infection is causally related to schizophrenia, although more research remains necessary.

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Corporate social responsibility and SME performance: a meta-analysis

Marketing Intelligence & Planning ◽

10.1108/mip-05-2021-0145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Oduro ◽

Kot David Adhal Nguar ◽

Alessandro De Nisco ◽

Rami Hashem E. Alharthi ◽

Guglielmo Maccario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Content Type ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to draw on instrumental and ethical theories to offer a quantitative review of the extant literature on the corporate social responsibility (CSR)–small-medium enterprises (SMEs) performance relationship through a meta-analysis.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical studies from 57 independent peer-reviewed articles, including 66,741 firms, were sampled and analysed. Both subgroup and meta-regression analyses (MARA) were used to test the hypotheses of the study.FindingsThe authors' results demonstrated that social-oriented, economic-oriented and environment-oriented CSR activities have a positive, significant influence on overall, financial and non-financial performance of SMEs; however, the effect of social-oriented CSR activities is the strongest. Moreover, the impact CSR dimensions have on non-financial performance is stronger than on financial performance. Additionally, findings showed that the association between CSR and SME performance is positively and significantly influenced by contextual factors (i.e. sector and region of study) and methodological factors (i.e. performance measurement, study type, theory usage, sampling size and operationalisation of constructs).Originality/valueThe study is the pioneering meta-analytic review on the CSR–SME performance relationship, thereby clarifying the anecdotal results, synthesising the fragmented empirical studies and exploring the contextual and methodological factors that may account for between-study variance. Following the study's findings, the authors delineate insightful suggestions for future scholarship and fine-grained managerial implications for practitioners.

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Enhancing Occupational Performance through Occupationally Embedded Exercise: A Meta-Analytic Review

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research ◽

10.1177/153944929701700102 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 25-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Keh-Chung Lin ◽

Ching-Yi Wu ◽

Linda Tickle-Degnen ◽

Wendy Coster

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Nelson Model ◽

Theoretical Inquiry ◽

Analytic Review ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Occupation or purposeful activity is the unique historical root of occupational therapy and is thought to enhance health and prevent disability. Nelson's (1988) recent conceptual framework of occupation consolidates the beliefs of occupational therapy. One focus for empirical research and theoretical inquiry is the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. This article critically analyzes this important part of the Nelson model and meta-analytically summarizes findings of the empirical studies that have examined this relationship. Results of the meta-analysis showed a substantial relationship of occupational form to occupational performance (weighted mean effect size r=0.50) in support of the proposition of the Nelson model that occupation can be analyzed in terms of the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. The impact of potential moderators on the study findings is explored. Implications for occupational therapy theory and practice are discussed.

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Childhood Maltreatment and Violent Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838018795269 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 754-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucy Fitton ◽

Rongqin Yu ◽

Seena Fazel

Keyword(s):

Prospective Studies ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Unpublished Studies ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Meta Regression

The risk of violence following childhood maltreatment is uncertain. This meta-analytic review identified prospective studies that have examined this association. We systematically searched three electronic databases (PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) and completed a targeted search on Google Scholar. These were supplemented with scanning reference lists and correspondence with authors. We considered non-English-language and unpublished studies. Studies were included if childhood maltreatment was measured before age 18 years and occurred before violent outcomes. We identified 18 eligible studies with data on 39,271 participants. We conducted meta-analysis to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. The overall OR of violent outcomes in childhood maltreatment was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [1.4, 2.3]) with substantial heterogeneity ( I2 = 92%). Meta-regression suggested that risk of violence following childhood maltreatment was more elevated in samples with higher percentage of females, in higher quality investigations, in studies with case-linkage methods compared to that followed-up participants over time using a prospective cohort design, when general population or matched controls were used rather than selected population controls, and when violent outcomes were ascertained in older individuals. In conclusion, the risk of later violence perpetration was modestly increased in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment. Preventative strategies and interventions for childhood maltreatment may have an important role in violence reduction. Methodological issues and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Laboratory aggression and personality traits: A meta-analytic review

10.31234/osf.io/ts9dc ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Courtland Hyatt ◽

Amos Zeichner ◽

Josh Miller

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Precise Measurement ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Future Research ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Methodological Rigor ◽

Analytic Review

Among operationalizations of aggression, laboratory paradigms are unique in that they permit precise measurement of aggression while controlling for many possible confounds (e.g., levels of provocation). In the current undertaking, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between laboratory aggression and trait-based personality constructs thought to be among the most robust and consistent predictors of lab aggression, including traits from the predominant model of general personality (Big Five/Five Factor Model [FFM]), as well as personality disorder constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Our search yielded 54 usable studies containing 123 effect sizes. Random-effects models suggest that psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and low FFM Agreeableness are significant predictors of laboratory aggression with small to moderate effect sizes. Impulsivity and FFM Openness also showed significant relations, though they were smaller in magnitude. Thus, traits related to aggression outside of the laboratory also appear to be related to aggression in the laboratory. Suggestions are made for future research in this area, including an emphasis on causal mechanisms and methodological rigor.

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Are Perfectionism Dimensions Vulnerability Factors for Depressive Symptoms after Controlling for Neuroticism? A Meta–analysis of 10 Longitudinal Studies

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 201-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Martin M. Smith ◽

Simon B. Sherry ◽

Katerina Rnic ◽

Donald H. Saklofske ◽

Murray Enns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Premorbid Personality ◽

Personal Standards ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽

Concern Over Mistakes

Extensive evidence suggests neuroticism is a higher–order personality trait that overlaps substantially with perfectionism dimensions and depressive symptoms. Such evidence raises an important question: Which perfectionism dimensions are vulnerability factors for depressive symptoms after controlling for neuroticism? To address this, a meta–analysis of research testing whether socially prescribed perfectionism, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, personal standards, perfectionistic attitudes, self–criticism and self–oriented perfectionism predict change in depressive symptoms, after controlling for baseline depression and neuroticism, was conducted. A literature search yielded 10 relevant studies (N = 1,758). Meta–analysis using random–effects models revealed that all seven perfectionism dimensions had small positive relationships with follow–up depressive symptoms beyond baseline depression and neuroticism. Perfectionism dimensions appear neither redundant with nor captured by neuroticism. Results lend credence and coherence to theoretical accounts and empirical studies suggesting perfectionism dimensions are part of the premorbid personality of people vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

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The Persuasiveness of Gain- and Loss-Framed Messages for Cancer Prevention and Detection: A Meta-Analytic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.27634 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abidan Abidan Ainiwaer ◽

Keyword(s):

Cancer Prevention ◽

Cancer Detection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Message Framing ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Jadad Scale ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Public Health Organizations ◽

People’S Attitudes ◽

Loss Framing

BACKGROUND With the increase in the cancer burden, public health organizations are increasingly emphasizing the importance of calling people to take long-term prevention and periodical detection. An important issue that how to construct behavioral recommendations and health outcomes in messages. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the message framing effect to persuade people of cancer prevention and detection. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed 3 electronic databases (from 2000 to 2020) were searched. Studies were appraised for quality using the Modified Jadad Scale. Data analyzed by random-effects models in meta-analysis. RESULTS 24 studies met the criteria for meta-analysis and represented data from the type of persuasiveness (attitude, intention, behavior) and conducted pre-planned subgroup analyses based on the type of cancer-related health behavior (prevention, detection). A loss-framed message is more likely than a gain-framed message to encourage cancer detection behaviors (OR=0.79, 95%CI 0.69 to 0.90, p=0.001), particularly breast cancer and cervical cancer, and the effects will be weak with time. No effect of framing was found when persuasion was assessed by attitudes/intentions or among studies encouraging cancer prevention and cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS Research has shown that it is impossible to change people's attitudes or intentions towards cancer prevention and detection with gain or loss-framed messages, but the loss framing does affect persuading people to adopt cancer detection behaviors.

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Overcoming Resistance Through Narratives: Findings from a Meta-Analytic Review

Human Communication Research ◽

10.1093/hcr/hqz017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 412-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chelsea L Ratcliff ◽

Ye Sun

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Empirical Work ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Future Research ◽

Narrative Persuasion ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Narrative Engagement ◽

The Relationship

Abstract To understand the mechanisms underlying narrative persuasion, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work suggests that narratives reduce audience resistance, possibly via narrative engagement. To synthesize this research, we performed a two-part meta-analysis using three-level random-effects models. Part I focused on experimental studies that directly compared narratives and non-narratives on resistance. Based on 15 effect sizes from nine experimental studies, the overall effect size was d = −.213 (equivalent r = −.107; p < .001), suggesting that narratives generated less resistance than non-narratives. Part II was a synthesis of studies of the relationship between narrative engagement and resistance, consisting of 63 effect sizes from 25 studies. Narrative engagement and resistance were negatively correlated (r = −.131; p < .001), and this relationship was moderated by narrative message characteristics, including genre, length, medium, and character unit. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.

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