scholarly journals Reconstruction of 130-kyr Relative Geomagnetic Intensities from 10Be in Two Chinese Loess Sections

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijian Zhou ◽  
Feng Xian ◽  
J Warren Beck ◽  
A J Timothy Jull ◽  
Zhisheng An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Geomagnetic Excursion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Geomagnetic Intensity

Efforts to extract weak geomagnetic excursion signals from Chinese loess-paleosol 10Be have generally been unsuccessful due to the complexities of its accumulation, because the geomagnetic and climate (precipitation and dust) signals contained in loess-paleosol sequence are tightly overprinted. Here, we present a reconstruction of geomagnetic relative paleointensities for the past 130 kyr from 10Be records in 2 Chinese loess-paleosol sections using a correction based on the correlation of 10Be with magnetic susceptibility (SUS) to remove the climatic contamination. Both these records reveal the Laschamp and Blake events, which lie in the loess and paleosol (L1SS1 and S1SS3) horizons corresponding to mid-MIS 3 and 5e, respectively. The good agreement between our results and other geomagnetic intensities reconstructions from Atlantic and Pacific sediments indicates that our method is robust. Our study suggests the potential application of loess-paleosol 10Be for reconstructing geomagnetic intensity variations spanning the whole Quaternary.

Remanence Characteristics of Different Magnetic Grain Size Categories at Xifeng, Central Chinese Loess Plateau

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Liu ◽  
Tim Rolph ◽  
Jan Bloemendal ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Tungsheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Grain Size Fractions

AbstractUtilizing the thermal unblocking of low-temperature remanent magnetization in superparamagnetic (SP) ferrimagnets and the low-temperature demagnetization of multidomain (MD) magnetite remanences, the relative proportions of SP, MD, and singledomain (SD and SD-like) ferrimagnets are estimated in the topmost part of a loess section at Xifeng, China, which covers about the past 130,000 yr. SP ferrimagnets are commonly regarded as pedogenic (authigenic) products while the MD component is believed to have a detrital origin. These measurements, therefore, provide new data which improve our understanding of the characteristics and distribution of the different magnetic grain-size fractions present in loess and soils. In particular, our measurements indicate a larger MD fraction in soil than in loess, a result which indicates that although enhancement of the SP ferrimagnet fraction dominates the increased low-field magnetic susceptibility of paleosols, an enhancement of the MD fraction, probably through leaching, also plays an important role during pedogenesis.

scholarly journals Potential application of gold nanoparticles in food packaging: a mini review

Gold Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Paidari ◽  
Salam Adnan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry Applications

AbstractIn the past few decades, there have been remarkable advances in our knowledge of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and synthesizing methods. AuNPs have become increasingly important in biomedical and industrial applications. As a newly implemented method, AuNPs are being used in nanopackaging industries for their therapeutic and antibacterial characteristics as well as their inert and nontoxic nature. As with other NPs, AuNPs have privileges and disadvantages when utilized in the food sector, yet a significant body of research has shown that, due to the specific nontoxic characteristics, AuNPs could be used to address other NP flaws. In this mini review, we present synthesizing methods, food industry applications, and mechanisms of action of gold nanoparticles. Regarding the investigations, gold nanoparticles can play a major role to reduce microbial load in foodstuff and therefore can be implemented in food packaging as an effective approach.

Hydroclimatic variability in loess δDwax records from the central Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 250 ka

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Zhisheng An ◽  
Zhonghui Liu ◽  
Xiaoke Qiang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hydroclimatic Variability

Drought variation trends in different subregions of the Chinese Loess Plateau over the past four decades

2012 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqing Zhang ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Yubao Wang ◽  
Jiawen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
The Past ◽  
Variation Trends ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

Reconsidering the paleoclimate implications of magnetic susceptibility records of Holocene loessic soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Jordanova ◽  
Neli Jordanova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Paleoclimate Proxy

<p>Mass specific magnetic susceptibility variations with depth along soil profiles developed on loess parent material is one of the most frequently used physical parameters in local, regional and global correlations of loess deposits. It is also utilized as a paleo-precipitation proxy, defined either as absolute difference between susceptibilities of the enhanced B-horizon and parent loess, or as relative enhancement using ratios of magnetic parameters. These different approaches in the application of magnetic susceptibility as paleoclimate proxy lead us to perform a comparative study on a number of Holocene soil profiles developed on loess from European loess area and the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). We made a compilation of data including 20 profiles from North Bulgaria, 28 profiles from Eastern and Central Europe; and 26 profiles from the CLP. Minimum magnetic susceptibilities of the last glacial loess (X<sub>min</sub>) from the compiled data base for European and Chinese profiles show climate related variability, revealing multi linear relationship with both present day MAP and MAT values for the corresponding locations. Strong deviations of X<sub>min</sub> from this dependence display sites located at low elevation river terraces, Black sea coast and possessing large content of coarse silt and sand fractions. Pedogenic magnetic susceptibility (X<sub>pedo</sub>) defined as (X<sub>max</sub> - X<sub>min</sub>) with  X<sub>max</sub> determined from the youngest part (last 1500 – 2000 years B.P.) of the Holocene magnetic susceptibility records of Chinese sections and absolute X<sub>max</sub> of the European sites show systematic dependence on modern MAP and MAT values. This dependence is uniform for all sites with steppe vegetation, while higher scatter and steeper regression trends are observed for sites under mixed (steppe – forest) and forest vegetation. The study is financially supported by project No KP-06-N34/2 funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund.</p>

Analysis of Magnetic Anomaly Characteristics of Underground Non-Coplanar Cross-buried Iron Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Pan Wu ◽  
Minghui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Anomaly ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
Magnetic Inclination ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Geomagnetic Intensity

The non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are a common way of pipeline wiring. In order to investigate the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines and guide the site operation, the influences of a series of factors on the magnetic anomaly of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are analyzed. Based on the principle of magnetic dipole construction, a forward model is established for the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the subsurface non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines. The basic characteristics of magnetic anomaly for the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are defined. The influences of geomagnetic parameters (geomagnetic intensity, geomagnetic inclination, and geomagnetic declination), pipeline parameters (thickness, magnetic susceptibility), and cross angle of pipelines on the characteristics of magnetic anomalies are analyzed. The results show that the shape of the total magnetic anomaly is mainly affected by the magnetic inclination, and the curve of magnetic anomaly at ± I site shows some symmetry. The amplitude is approximately linearly affected by the total geomagnetic field, magnetic declination, pipeline thickness, material magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. There is a periodic change of the amplitude with the increase of geomagnetic inclination (−90°–>90°). The crest-trough distance is mainly affected by geomagnetic inclination, magnetic declination, thickness, magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. A more accurate measurement can be achieved if the direction of the pipelines is roughly measured and then the number of measurement points is augmented near the intersection of pipelines and the measurement lines. Present work obtains the equivalent magnetic dipole units by segmenting pipelines. The magnetic anomaly characteristics of non-coplanar crossed iron pipelines are successfully simulated. The numerical results are in accordance with the experimental analysis.

Human Rights Obligations of Armed Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-462
Author(s):  
Andreas Th Müller
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Actors

One of the asymmetries faced by military missions in areas of limited statehood are diverging legal obligations of state and non-state actors, in particular in relation to human rights duties. From a perspective of states bound by human rights treaties, there is a certain danger that armed groups opposing them might abuse the obligations incumbent upon state actors. Against this perception, the potential application of human rights law to armed groups is not only relevant as a tool for protecting civilians but also from a reciprocity perspective in view of the fluidity of armed conflicts and with a view to convergence of standards. The chapter assesses how international law and international legal practice in relation to armed groups have evolved over the past decade. It takes stock of recent developments and analyses the degree to which human rights obligations apply to armed groups.

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