III. A Samaritan MS. of the Second or Third Century: A Palæographic Study

1918 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
M. Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good For ◽  
Prayer Books ◽  
Insight Into

All the elements are missing for even a moderate attempt at establishing definite rules for Samaritan Palæography. Of all the MSS. of the Pentateuch known in Europe only a few specimens have hitherto been published in facsimile, and, as far as I am aware, not one of them dated. The same holds good for all other Samaritan documents, prayer-books, letters, etc. There is therefore practically nothing to go upon, except personal experience, and the examination as far as possible of the materials available to as large an extent as circumstances allow. It is the course which I have endeavoured to pursue, but as will be seen the examination of MSS. hitherto known does not lead us further back than the eleventh or twelfth century. With all modesty I may claim to have seen most of the Samaritan MSS. in England and in Nablus. In the rest of Europe they are an almost negligible quantity: possibly the oldest dated fragment of a scroll of the Bible is in rny possession. I have seen all the scrolls in the Kinsha in Nablus, inclusive of the famous one ascribed to Abisha, grandson of Eliezar, the son of Ahron the priest, and I have obtained copies of the Tarikh, or as they call it of the Teshkul (pronounced Tesh'ul), i.e. the date of most of them. I have taken a photo of the scroll of 1140, and done my best to get an insight into Samaritan palæography, intimately bound up as it is with the history of the Bible. If anywhere, it is among the Samaritans that the ancient traditions have been fossilized, and their scribes betray a most touching anxiety to imitate the originals as closely as possible.

LITHIC POETICS: POSIDIPPUS AND HIS STONES

Ramus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaś Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Aesthetic Response ◽  
Standard View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

The 20 poems collected together as thelithikaof Posidippus, the first surviving poems on a papyrus roll only published in 2001 and dating from the third century BCE, offer a range of spectacular new evidence for a series of issues in Hellenistic history, art and literature. The standard view is that Posidippus was probably author of all the epigrams in the roll known as P. Mil. Vogl. VIII 309, although this has been contested and by no means need certainly be the case. For my purposes here, I do assume that the interconnected poetics of the poems in thelithikado imply a single poet who is quite likely to be Posidippus, since poem 15—independently anthologised in antiquity and known through a manuscript tradition—was attributed to Posidippus in the twelfth century by the Byzantine poet and grammarian John Tzetzes. Historically speaking, the fact that so many of these poems focus on gems from the east gives remarkable insight into the interchange between Hellenistic and Achaemenid cultures: specifically, they signal the prestige of treasures from the east in the Hellenistic courts. In the history of collections, they represent a very early example of exoticism in elite collecting, of the accumulation of valuables in what we may assume was a royal and non-sacredSchatzkammer, of the need for an aesthetic response (in this case through short poems) to ‘label’ and valorise the precious items in the collection. In the history of ancientWissenschaft, the poems’ use of late Classical gem-lore (exemplified in texts like theOn Stonesof Theophrastus) offers a vivid instance of the ways theoretical knowledge circulated at least in elite contexts around the royal circle.

The contribution of publications of the Yorkshire Geological Society to the understanding of the geological development of the Carboniferous Pennine Basin, northern England

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
C. N. Waters ◽  
D. W. Holliday ◽  
J. I. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Peak District

The Carboniferous rocks of the Pennine Basin form the topographical spine of the region between the Scottish Border and the Peak District. They provided many of the mineral resources that fuelled the Industrial Revolution and the growth of the great northern English cities. The description of these resources was very much a focus of early papers in the Proceedings, but they went beyond the assessment of their economic importance, providing striking early insights into our understanding of deep time when the Bible still had a strong control on scientific thinking. Over a 180 year history of publication, the Proceedings and Occasional Publications contain an unparalleled description of the rocks of the Pennine Basin of Carboniferous deposition, and they continue to provide great insight into what have been intensively studied successions but of which much still remains to be learned. This review considers the relevance of these publications to our understanding of the sedimentology of Carboniferous strata, the geometries of Carboniferous basins, how these basins constrained the formation of reefs and controlled the movement of rivers and deltas in the process of eventual infill of these basins, and how sea-level variations influenced the development of cyclical successions, the hallmark of much of the Carboniferous succession.

scholarly journals «Så godt det lar sig gjøre» – kommenterade krigstidsbrev adresserade till Arthur Nordén från norska kollegor 1940–1945 

Viking ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Goldhahn
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World ◽  
Insight Into

«As good as it can be done» – commented war letters from Norwegian colleagues to Arthur Nordén 1940–1945 This article is based on letters addressed to Arthur Nordén (1891–1965), from his Norwegian colleagues Anton Willhelm Brøgger (1884–1951) and Sverre Marstrander (1910–1986) during the Nazi occupation of Norway, which lasted from 9 April 1940 to 8 May 1945. The letters provide unique historical insights into Brøgger's and Marstrander's activities during the war and reveal how they were engaging with Swedish archaeological colleagues during the Nazi occupation of Norway. While there is no doubt the relationship between archaeology and Nazism during the Second World War is a complex issue, and one that has been addressed by a number of researchers (e.g. Nordenborg Myhre 1984, 2002; Hagen 2002), these letters reflect particular solidarity between Swedish and Norwegian colleagues. They act as aging photographs capturing unique insight into personal experience and agencies. The expressed solidarity in words and actions strengthened existing collegiality and friendships. The letters add to a more nuanced understanding of the history of our discipline. 

scholarly journals WILLIAM BLAKE- AN ENLIGHTENED VISIONARY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Manisha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
William Blake ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Regard ◽  
The Church

William Blake an English painter poet and printmaker is considered as a seminal figure in the history of poetry and visual arts of the Romantic age. In the realm of imaginative painting Blake stands quite alone, and to find any real parallel to this extraordinary man of genius one must go back to the illuminators and sculptors of the twelfth century. Born out of time, with no tradition of imaginative painting to guide him, the intense flame if his genius burns fitfully blazing with an unbearable brilliance. Blake, for his idiosyncratic views is held in high regard by critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterized as part of the Romantic movement are Pre-Romantic for its large appearance in the 18th C. Reverent of the bible but hostile to the Church of England, Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American Revolutions.

Joseph Kimhi's Sefer Ha-Berit: Pathbreaking Medieval Jewish Apologetics

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chazan
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jewish Intellectual ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Rich History

Christian anti-Jewish polemics have a long and rich history, stretching all the way back to the early stages of the new faith community. Anti-Jewish treatises dot the history of Christian literature from the third century onward. By contrast, Jews seem to have been much less concerned with combatting Christianity. It has been widely noted that the earliest Jewish compositions devoted to anti-Christian polemics stem from the twelfth century. While the twelfth-century provenance of the earliest Jewish anti-Christian tracts has long been recognized, little attention has been focused on the significance of this dating. The fact that sometime toward the end of the twelfth century, perhaps in the 1160s or 1170s, two anti-Christian works, the forerunners of a substantial body of Jewish anti-Christian polemical-apologetic works, were composed almost simultaneously begs interpetation. What changes gave rise to a new Jewish sensitivity, to a need to present Jewish readers with formulation and rebuttal of Christian claims? The answer clearly lies in the enhanced agressiveness of western Christendom toward the Jews, as well as other non-Christians, a development that has been recognized and discussed extensively in modern scholarly literature. In the face of an increasingly aggressive Christendom, Jewish intellectual and spiritual leadership had to reassure the Jewish flock of the rectitude of the Jewish vision and the nullity of the Christian faith. This is precisely what the first two anti-Christian treatises, the Milhamot ha-Shem of Jacob ben Reuven and the Sefer ha-Berit of Joseph Kimhi, undertook to achieve. Given the pioneering nature of these works, it is striking that insufficient scholarly attention has been accorded to these two efforts. They surely have much to tell both of perceived Christian thrusts and of meaningful Jewish rebuttal of these challenges.

Parisian Theologians and The Jews: Peter Lombard and Peter Cantor

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Jack Watt
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glossa Ordinaria ◽  
Distinguished Contribution

To honour the scholar whose distinguished contribution to medieval intellectual history has included examination of the early history of Parisian scholarship, I have chosen to examine an aspect of the work of two major teachers and authors in that ‘monde scolaire qui préfigure déjà le monde universitaire de demain’, the school of Notre Dame. The work of Peter Lombard and Peter Cantor makes clear that in the second half of the twelfth century, Judaism was being placed firmly and permanently on the Parisian theological agenda. Peter Lombard (d. 1160) lectured on the Psalms and the Letters of St Paul. His commentaries on these books came quickly to be received as the standard teaching texts in Paris, the magna glossatura replacing, for those books, the glossa ordinaria of Anselm of Laon and his associates. Medieval exegetes held these particular books of the Bible in esteem. For Aquinas, articulating common opinion, they contained ‘almost the whole of theological doctrine’. And thus, it might well be claimed, almost the whole of theological doctrine about Judaism.

Gallery Four Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-204
Author(s):  
Holly Morse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Within popular Western interpretative traditions, as well as the majority of modern works on the reception history of Adam and Eve, the first woman’s role as a mother has ultimately been eclipsed by her action in the garden. Nonetheless, Eve is, according to the Bible, the first female to give birth to a child and begin the cycle of human procreation, thus representing a potent symbol of female creative power. Furthermore, some of the most poignant aspects of Eve’s story are bound up in her maternity; she is mother to all living but her children will know mortality because of her actions; she will suffer pain and anguish in order to bring about new life; and she will experience the death of her second son Abel at the hands of her firstborn, Cain. In this chapter, I explore the ways in which Eve’s motherhood is represented by a number of different trajectories growing out from the Hebrew Bible and early Jewish and Christian interpretations, visual art, and the work of pre-twentieth-century women writers. Each of these categories of interpretation offers their own unique insight into mother Eve, while also sharing considerable imagery and themes between them.

The Samaritan Hebrew Sources of the Arabic Book of Joshua

1930 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Political Liberty ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In 1848 Juynboll published the Arabic text with a Latin translation and elaborate introduction of a Samaritan work, which he called the Samaritan Chronicle. He printed it from a MS. in the Leyden library deposited there by Scaliger; this MS. belonged to the fourteenth century. It was written by two hands, the second part being of a somewhat later date. Juynboll was quite justified in callingit a chronicle, although the largest part of the MS. consists of the book of Joshua. It is a paraphrase of the book of Joshua of the Jewish Bible, containing chiefly the first chapters to which various legendary stories had been added. But the MS. contains much more. It starts with the appointment of Joshua as successor to Moses, in the latter's lifetime, then the history of Bileam, slightly differing from the record in the Bible, then also two different recensions of the death of Moses are given, after which, with a special heading, the book of Joshua begins. At the end of it the history is continued; it is very fragmentary. Within a very brief space the story of the Exile, under Bokht Nasar—the Arabic form for Nebuchadnezzer—is told, and then it is continued in the same brief form down to the time of Baba Rabba—second or third century—the great hero of Samaritan history. The Samaritans considered him as the one who had been able to throw off the yoke of the foreign rulers and to obtain for them a certain amount of political liberty.

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