Interactions Among Ethephon, Nitrate, and After-Ripening in the Release of Dormancy of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hargurdeep S. Saini ◽  
Pawan K. Bassi ◽  
Mary S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Germination of dormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO3, or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C. Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive. Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C, with a gradual decrease in reponse as temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon also occurred during storage of mature seed at 3 to 32 C. The rate and extent of this dormancy loss increased with an increase in storage temperature. Regardless of the temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO3treatments. Suitable combinations of after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO3induced over 90% germination of seed that was dormant at maturity. Experimental evidence has been obtained that suggests that this percentage may represent the total number of viable seed in the population. While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings. It appears that strategies could be developed to combine the use of ethephon and nitrate with the natural process of after-ripening to enhance and synchronize wild oat germination.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Studies of A Cereal Crop Oryza sativa L. with Zinc Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-313
Author(s):  
Sasmita Kumari Behura ◽  
Mamata Mohapatra ◽  
B.K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Plants exposed to zinc stress at high concentration inhibit seed germination, seedling growth and development. The germination data showed that there is a negative impact of concentration of zinc sulphate on the germination of seeds. Root and shoot growth of seedlings was worse affected when exposed to higher concentration on ZnSO4. Shoots were more affected than roots. Morphologically they look different from normal roots by their shape and size. Zn toxicity inhibits the chlorophyll formation and with the increase in concentration of the toxicant the exposed seedlings showed a decline in chl-a (chlorophyll-a), chl-b (chlorophyll – b) and total chlorophyll pigment content. Conclusively, our result shows that zinc sulphate at higher concentration decreases seed germination, chl-a, chl-b and total chlorophyll content and also decreases root and shoot growth of plants.

EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF TRIFLURALIN TO WILD OATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Experiments were conducted in the field and in controlled environment chambers at Beaverlodge, Alberta to determine the influence of soil temperature on the phytotoxicity of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) to wild oats (Avena fatua L.). In the field trifluralin reduced wild oat emergence the most in early May when soil temperatures were lowest. As soil temperatures increased in May, the effectiveness of trifluralin in reducing wild oat emergence declined. In controlled environment studies, the effectiveness of trifluralin in reducing wild oat shoot growth was greatest at 4 °C. At 7.5 °C, the effectiveness of trifluralin in reducing wild oat shoot growth declined. However, at both 10 and 20 °C, small increases in trifluralin phytotoxicity occurred. Exposure of wild oat shoots to trifluralin vapors at 7.5 and 20 °C indicated decreased shoot growth of wild oats at 7.5 °C but increased volatilization of trifluralin at 20 °C. Thus, the lack of any major differences in the effectiveness of trifluralin in reducing wild oat shoot growth at temperatures from 7.5 to 20 °C may be due to the counteraction of these two phenomena.

The influence of diffused light and temperature on seed germination of three genetically nondormant lines of wild oats (Avena fatua) and its adaptive significance

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1910-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramma Sawhney ◽  
Andrew I. Hsiao ◽  
William A. Quick
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Diffused Light

Freshly harvested seeds of three genetically nondormant populations of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) germinated readily in the dark at optimum temperatures. Direct or diffused light caused germination inhibition in seeds of all these populations. This light-induced germination inhibition was intensity dependent; the higher the light intensity, the greater the inhibition. Germination inhibition by light was accentuated by higher incubation temperatures, indicating an interaction between these two factors on the induction of secondary seed dormancy in genetically nondormant populations. This interaction may be of adaptive significance to the survival of nondormant populations, and reconciles some apparently conflicting reports in the literature.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed Environment and Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol N. Somody ◽  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
Petri Dishes

Experiments were conducted in the field and laboratory from 1978 to 1981 to determine the effect of crop residues, manure, and inorganic nitrogen on wild oat (Avena fatua L. ♯3 AVEFA) seed (seed as used here represents an intact floret) dormancy. Turkey manure usually stimulated wild oat seed germination more than crop residue, cow manure, or inorganic nitrogen. Seed germination of different wild oat accessions varied in response to turkey manure. Germination of dormant seed in water was stimulated after 8 weeks or after overwintering in the presence of turkey manure in the field and after 10 days in the presence of turkey manure in petri dishes in the laboratory. Turkey manure caused growth of wild oat shoots in petri dishes, but usually roots were absent. A nonmicrobial, water-soluble component of turkey manure was responsible for stimulating wild oat seed germination. Turkey manure treatment of dormant wild oat seed increased the percentage of seed that would not germinate in gibberellic acid. Germination of nondormant wild oat seed of Accession 77 was reduced, but Accession 64 was unaffected by turkey manure. Germination of wild oat was low when the seeds overwintered on the soil surface, regardless of seed age or length of overwintering.

EFFECT OF FALL AND SPRING TILLAGE ON WILD OAT GERMINATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
D. K. McBKATH ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat

In field experiments repeated over a 3-yr period fall tillage was superior to spring tillage for stimulating germination of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). A cultivator was the most effective implement for stimulating seed germination. A double disc was less effective than a cultivator; harrows were relatively ineffective.Key words: Tillage, wild oat, germination, fall, spring

Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Srivastava ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shrawan K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Municipal sludge (MS), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. Seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus. Among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the lowest. Aqueous MS leachates had lower amounts of metals than pure MS. Seed germination was inhibited significantly in all three plants. The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum. Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants, but the maximum depletion was observed in T. aestivum exposed to 10% leachate. Symptoms such as necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling were also observed after exposure to 10% leachate, and plant weight was reduced significantly. It is evident that MS from Lucknow city exerted phytotoxic effects on all three test plant species.

Coating Sodium Azide Granules to Enhance Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Fay ◽  
R. S. Gorecki ◽  
P. M. Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Wild Oat

Research was conducted on the leachability and dissipation of sodium azide applied to soil as a solution or as granules with various coatings. The sodium azide leached readily from all formulations, leaving sections of the soil profile with insufficient concentrations to stimulate germination of dormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) seed. Sodium azide-impregnated clay granules coated with 5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol increased germination of wild oat seed two-fold over uncoated granules at a rate of 5.6 kg sodium azide/ha in field experiments. The polyethylene glycol coating reduced the rate of sodium azide dissipation from the soil in growth chamber experiments. Formulation of sodium azide has potential for increasing wild oat germination stimulation under field conditions.

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