Effects of properties of metal-contaminated soils on bacterial bioluminescence activity, seed germination, and root and shoot growth

Plants exposed to zinc stress at high concentration inhibit seed germination, seedling growth and development. The germination data showed that there is a negative impact of concentration of zinc sulphate on the germination of seeds. Root and shoot growth of seedlings was worse affected when exposed to higher concentration on ZnSO4. Shoots were more affected than roots. Morphologically they look different from normal roots by their shape and size. Zn toxicity inhibits the chlorophyll formation and with the increase in concentration of the toxicant the exposed seedlings showed a decline in chl-a (chlorophyll-a), chl-b (chlorophyll – b) and total chlorophyll pigment content. Conclusively, our result shows that zinc sulphate at higher concentration decreases seed germination, chl-a, chl-b and total chlorophyll content and also decreases root and shoot growth of plants.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Particle Sizes of Silver Nanoparticles on Various Biological Systems

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21228465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 8465

Author(s):

In Chul Kong ◽

Kyung-Seok Ko ◽

Dong-Chan Koh

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Biosynthetic Activity ◽

Bacterial Bioluminescence ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Biological Methods

Seven biological methods were adopted (three bacterial activities of bioluminescence, enzyme, enzyme biosynthetic, algal growth, seed germination, and root and shoot growth) to compare the toxic effects of two different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs showed a different sensitivity in each bioassay. Overall, the order of inhibitory effects was roughly observed as follows; bacterial bioluminescence activity ≈ root growth > biosynthetic activity of enzymes ≈ algal growth > seed germination ≈ enzymatic activity > shoot growth. For all bacterial activities (bioluminescence, enzyme, and enzyme biosynthesis), the small AgNPs showed statistically significantly higher toxicity than the large ones (p < 0.0036), while no significant differences were observed among other biological activities. The overall effects on the biological activities (except shoot growth) of the small AgNPs were shown to have about 4.3 times lower EC50 (high toxicity) value than the large AgNPs. These results also indicated that the bacterial bioluminescence activity appeared to be an appropriate method among the tested ones in terms of both sensitivity and the discernment of particle sizes of AgNPs.

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Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119290503300513 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 501-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richa Srivastava ◽

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Shrawan K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Brassica Campestris ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Test Plant ◽

Municipal Sludge ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Phytotoxic Effects ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Municipal sludge (MS), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. Seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus. Among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the lowest. Aqueous MS leachates had lower amounts of metals than pure MS. Seed germination was inhibited significantly in all three plants. The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum. Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants, but the maximum depletion was observed in T. aestivum exposed to 10% leachate. Symptoms such as necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling were also observed after exposure to 10% leachate, and plant weight was reduced significantly. It is evident that MS from Lucknow city exerted phytotoxic effects on all three test plant species.

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Interactions Among Ethephon, Nitrate, and After-Ripening in the Release of Dormancy of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500026424 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hargurdeep S. Saini ◽

Pawan K. Bassi ◽

Mary S. Spencer

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Natural Process ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Viable Seed ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Stimulation Of

Germination of dormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO3, or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C. Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive. Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C, with a gradual decrease in reponse as temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon also occurred during storage of mature seed at 3 to 32 C. The rate and extent of this dormancy loss increased with an increase in storage temperature. Regardless of the temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO3treatments. Suitable combinations of after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO3induced over 90% germination of seed that was dormant at maturity. Experimental evidence has been obtained that suggests that this percentage may represent the total number of viable seed in the population. While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings. It appears that strategies could be developed to combine the use of ethephon and nitrate with the natural process of after-ripening to enhance and synchronize wild oat germination.

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Effect of X-ray irradiation on growth physiology of Arachis Hypogaea (Var. Kampala)

10.31221/osf.io/xz9nu ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Chromosomal Aberration ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

X Ray ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Small Doses ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Plant Germination

Small doses of X-ray may stimulate cellular activities and growth while higher doses may cause higher aberrations. Seeds of Arachis hypogaea cv Kampala were exposed singly to X-ray radiations (6 mA-77 mA) X-ray significantly decreased seed germination above 6 mA, reduced root and shoot growth as X-ray exposure increased. X-ray radiation causes chromosomal aberration. Therefore, higher X-ray radiation affects the plant germination negatively by retarding the growth.

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Comparative Effects of Particle Sizes of Cobalt Nanoparticles to Nine Biological Activities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21186767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6767 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

In Chul Kong ◽

Kyung-Seok Ko ◽

Dong-Chan Koh ◽

Chul-Min Chon

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gene Mutation ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Physical Factor ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Bacterial Gene ◽

Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Bioluminescence

The differences in the toxicity of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co-NPs) of two different sizes were evaluated in the contexts of the activities of bacterial bioluminescence, xyl-lux gene, enzyme function and biosynthesis of β-galactosidase, bacterial gene mutation, algal growth, and plant seed germination and root/shoot growth. Each size of Co-NP exhibited a different level of toxicity (sensitivity) in each biological activity. No revertant mutagenic ratio (greater than 2.0) of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was observed under the test conditions in the case of gene-mutation experiments. Overall, the inhibitory effects on all five bacterial bioassays were greater than those on algal growth, seed germination, and root growth. However, in all cases, the small Co-NPs showed statistically greater (total average about two times) toxicity than the large Co-NPs, except in shoot growth, which showed no observable inhibition. These findings demonstrate that particle size may be an important physical factor determining the fate of Co-NPs in the environment. Moreover, combinations of results based on various biological activities and physicochemical properties, rather than only a single activity and property, would better facilitate accurate assessment of NPs’ toxicity in ecosystems.

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Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5179

Author(s):

Ilahi Shaik* ◽

P. Janakiram ◽

Sujatha L. ◽

Sushma Chandra

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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