Kajian Budidaya Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

The objective of this research was to study of cultivation techniques palm oil independent farmers and social aspects to palm oil production. This research has conducted in In The Districk of Returning Knives from January 2021 until March 2021. The research was conducted using survey and the sampling used for this research purposive sampling. Consist of 60 sample, based on 10% level of representation. 30 sample drawn from Pangkoh Village and 30 sample drawn from Mandomai Village. The parameters studied were, land clearing, the origin of the seeds, size of planting holes, seed age, plant spacing, pruning, control of weeds and fertilization. The results show that the average production palm oil of farmers are still very low at less than 50% when compared to the average production of palm oil of PPKS Palangka Raya on mineral lands in general. The low production of palm oil cultivation techniques of farmers due to conducted as seed origin, plant spacing, pattern spacing, the size of the planting hole, transplanting seedlings into the ground, fertilizing, are still quite low level of the appropriate palm oil cultivation techniques application in the field.

Conditional Seed Dormancy Helps Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signor. Overcome Stressful Mediterranean Summer Conditions

Investigations on seed biology and ecology are of major importance for the conservation of threatened plants, both providing baseline information and suggesting practical approaches. In our study, we focused on the germination behavior of Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signor., a narrow endemic species to Panarea and Alicudi (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy), as well as one of the 50 most threatened Mediterranean island plants. Specifically, the effects of temperature, light, seed age, seed source, and collection year were evaluated; in addition, threshold temperatures and thermal–time parameters were estimated. The thermal range for fresh seed germination resulted between 5 and 15 °C, reaching up to 20 and 25 °C at increasing seed age, with 30 °C being clearly beyond the ceiling temperature. This behavior indicates that fresh seeds exhibit the Type 1 non-deep physiological dormancy, and that germination is regulated by conditional dormancy. This dormancy syndrome emerged as a highly efficient adaptation strategy for this species and, together with thermo-inhibition, would allow seeds to counteract or take advantage of Mediterranean environmental conditions. The comparison between the wild Panarea population and the corresponding ex situ cultivated progeny has enabled the identification of the latter as a suitable seed source for sustainable in situ reinforcement actions, at least in the short-term; indeed, plant cultivation for a single generation did not produce significant modifications in the germination behavior of the offspring.

Generative propagation and fertilisation of Stipeae species – wild grasses with ornamental potential

The wild grasses are of increasing interest among landscape architects. The appropriate plant selection is crucial for the subsequent survival and growth of plants in grassy gardens. The aim of the experiment was to assess the influence of seed age (1–3-year old seeds) on the germination of three Stipeae species: Eriocoma occidentalis subsp. californica, Stipa pulcherrima and Hesperostipa curtiseta. The seed weight and germination percentage showed a decline over a period of seed storage. There was 31–84% (depending on species) loss in germinability of 3-year old seeds in comparison to 1-year old seeds. After germination, plants were repotted and treated with Osmocote (a slow-release fertiliser, N15 + P10 + K12). The results indicated that fertilisation significantly increased the number of roots, stems, leaf length, leaf dry weight, chlorophylls and proline content. None of the tested species flowered in the year of sowing but in the next growing season. Plants fertilised in the previous year formed more and of better quality inflorescence stems.

PENETASAN TELUR IKAN GURAMI SECARA TRADISIONAL DAN TERKONTROL TERHADAP HASIL PEMIJAHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) DI KELOMPOK PEMBENIH IKAN GURAMI

Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy) hatchery technology in an effort to increase the income of fishery actors aims to analyze the traditional and controlled gouramy spawning system. Ibm is carried out in the group of gouramy breeders Want Maju and Gurami Putih Nagari Mungo, Luak District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The results of science and technology for this community indicate that in the traditional system each fecundity is obtained 1424 ± 235 eggs/kg of brood weight, the degree of fertilization of eggs is 73.86 ± 2.97%, hatchability of eggs is 75.75 ± 1.50%, seed age 30 days 973 ± 76 tails, whereas with controlled spawning each fecundity was obtained 1520 ± 235 eggs/kg of brood weight, degree of fertilization of eggs 94.74 ± 2.97%, hatchability of eggs 96.65 ± 1.50%, seeds 30 days old 1064 ± 85 individuals. It can be concluded that controlled spawning is better than traditional.

Fresh and Dry Weight Relations Are Predictors of Cycas micronesica Seed Age

Cycas micronesica is a foundation species in several Micronesian islands and its seeds have been a historical source of starch for the island residents. The species has become endangered by invasive specialist insect herbivores and conservationists struggle with the inability to estimate the age of observed seeds. To inform this agenda, we evaluated numerous Cycas micronesica seed traits to determine if any exhibited a relationship with age and a substantial change in absolute value. Of the 30 direct and derived seed traits that we evaluated, most of them were non-linear and exhibited minimal change after about 12 months in age. The only traits that emerged as unambiguous estimators of age were the quotients derived as gametophyte fresh weight/total seed fresh weight and sarcotesta dry weight/sclerotesta dry weight. These two simple metrics can be used to accurately estimate seed age for this arborescent cycad species.

Effects of seed age and dormancy-breaking treatments on the viability and germination of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence aster (Symphyotrichum laurentianum)

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Asteraceae), is a threatened halophyte found only in parts of Atlantic Canada, and seeds are being stored in the seed bank located at the University of Prince Edward Island. It is important to assess the quality of the seeds in storage to ensure their usefulness in the conservation of the species. We tested the effects of seed age on the viability and germination potential of seeds currently held in the seed bank and the effect of dormancy-breaking treatments on germination. Seeds produced in six different years were tested using the tetrazolium test and standard germination tests. Our results show high viability for seeds from all years but relatively low germination, with no clear relationship between germinability and seed age, indicating that the potential for these seeds to germinate may depend on other factors. To test the usefulness of dormancy-breaking treatments, seeds were subjected to a cold moist treatment or a hormone treatment of gibberellic acid, kinetin, or a combination of the two. All of the treatments significantly enhanced germination by comparison with the control, with the combined treatment of gibberellic acid and kinetin being the most effective at stimulating germination.

IbM Rice Farmers Empowerment Using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in District Namorambe

IbM Rice Farmers Empowerment Using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in District Namorambe was held in Namorambe and Cinta Rakyat Village involving two partners who work as rice farmers. The problems of Mitra 1 in Namorambe Village are (a) number of seeds used 40-50 kg / ha, (b) seed age 20-25 days, (c) planting range 15x15 cm, (e) number of planting plants 4-5 seedlings (f) artificial fertilizer 400kg urea / ha + 150kg SP-36 / ha + 150kg KCl / ha, (g) watering elevation 20-25 cm. The problems of Mitra 2 in Cinta Rakyat Village are (a) the remaining rice straw is not processed, (b) the haystack becomes the pest of rats and fungi, (c) the soil hardens and quickly dries, (d) the straw is burned. IbM program is implemented using participatory approach, training, extension method and descriptive approach method. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 1 has been able to carry out the manufacture of paddy field plot of SRI method with production of 875 kg / 1000 m² (8.75 tons / ha); an increase in production of about 3.45 tons / ha or equivalent to 65.09%. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 2 that has been able to produce organic fertilizer from the remaining straw; has been able to manage the remaining rice straw to prevent pests and diseases; not burn the rest of the straw; and able to utilize organic fertilizer to enrich the soil.