Inhibition of Degradation of Monuron in Cotton Leaf Tissue by Carbamate Insecticides

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Swanson ◽  
H. R. Swanson

Simultaneous treatment with certain carbamate insecticides inhibited degradation of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyrurea (monuron) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) leaf discs. Monuron degradation was strongly inhibited by 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl) and 4-benzothiophene-N-methylcarbamate, but 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate was ineffective. Effective carbamates did not prevent the metabolism of monuron to 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-methylurea (hereinafter referred to as monomethylmonuron), but they inhibited subsequent degradation of monomethylmonuron.

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Jin Han ◽  
Kening Lu ◽  
Menglin Li ◽  
Mengtao Gao ◽  
...  

Abstract Background An evolutionary model using diploid and allotetraploid cotton species identified 80 % of non-coding transcripts in allotetraploid cotton as being uniquely activated in comparison with its diploid ancestors. The function of the lncRNAs activated in allotetraploid cotton remain largely unknown. Results We employed transcriptome analysis to examine the relationship between the lncRNAs and mRNAs of protein coding genes (PCGs) in cotton leaf tissue under abiotic stresses. LncRNA expression was preferentially associated with that of the flanking PCGs. Selected highly-expressed lncRNA candidates (n = 111) were subjected to a functional screening pilot test in which virus-induced gene silencing was integrated with abiotic stress treatment. From this low-throughput screen, we obtained candidate lncRNAs relating to plant height and tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses. Conclusions Low-throughput screen is an effective method to find functional lncRNA for further study. LncRNAs were more active in abiotic stresses than PCG expression, especially temperature stress. LncRNA XLOC107738 may take a cis-regulatory role in response to environmental stimuli. The degree to which lncRNAs are constitutively expressed may impact expression patterns and functions on the individual gene level rather than in genome-wide aggregate.


Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maelor Davies ◽  
Alexis Merydith ◽  
Liane Mende-Mueller ◽  
Alpo Aapola

Phenmedipham metabolism in leaf tissue of sugarbeet (tolerant) and rapeseed (sensitive) was compared. Sugarbeet leaf discs metabolized phenmedipham much more rapidly than rapeseed leaf discs, forming two metabolites of relatively low polarity. The less polar of these (metabolite 21) was a precursor to the other (metabolite 11), and its properties indicate derivation from phenmedipham by a single hydroxylation and monoglycosylation. Synthetic N-hydroxyphenmedipham was converted by both species into a compound that cochromatographs with metabolite 21. Purified metabolite 21 was much less inhibitory to light-driven oxygen evolution by isolated thylakoids of both species than was phenmedipham. Hydroxylation/glycosylation without prior carbamate hydrolysis appears to be a major factor in the tolerance of sugarbeet to phenmedipham.


2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Hu ◽  
Da-Yong Fan ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Wah Soon Chow ◽  
Wang-Feng Zhang

Virus Genes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil A. Hashmi ◽  
Yusuf Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Shahid Mansoor ◽  
Shaheen Asad

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony ◽  
Reuven Or

The association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, responsible for the development of alternaria blight disease in cotton, was evaluated in artificially inoculated greenhouse plants and in naturally infested field plants. When greenhouse plants were inoculated with suboptimal doses of both pathogens (< 1.2 × 104 spores/mL) infection was greater than when separately inoculated by each pathogen at optimal dosage. In field-grown, naturally infected plants (Gossypium barbadense), both pathogens were found together in more than 40% of the plants. A second field-grown cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum) exhibited infection mainly by either A. alternata or both pathogens together. When both cotton species were naturally infected by both pathogens together, the number of A. alternata spores (either airborne or on the leaf surface) was greater than that of A. macrospora. We propose that A. macrospora together with A. alternata create a disease composite responsible for alternaria blight symptoms in cotton. Key words: Alternaria, cotton diseases, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Flavio Batista de Araujo ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Luciana Luzia Pinho ◽  
...  

INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO   ADRIANA CRUZ DE OLIVEIRA1; ANTONIO FLAVIO BATISTA DE ARAUJO2; CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA3; JUVENALDO FLORENTINO CANJÁ4; LUCIANA LUZIA PINHO5 E NAARA IORRANA GOMES SOUSA6     1 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação tem crescido como suplementação para driblar a escassez hídrica. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre as respostas das culturas sobre sua aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos da irrigação suplementar com águas residuárias tratadas sobre as trocas gasosas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulando-se cenários hídricos considerados normais, seca e seca severa, na presença e ausência de NPK. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Russas – CE, em área vizinha à lagoa de estabilização da CAGECE – Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, em DBC, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram cenários hídricos (normal, seca e seca severa); a subparcela foi a suplementação ou não com água residuária tratada nos veranicos simulados; a subsubparcela foi a aplicação ou não de NPK. A cultivar utilizada foi BR 433. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura foram analisadas fotossíntese, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e temperatura foliar. Os cenários de seca e seca severa apresentaram pequeno impacto sobre as trocas gasosas foliares do algodoeiro. Entretanto, a irrigação suplementar reduziu a temperatura foliar e atenuou os efeitos do cenário de seca sobre a fotossíntese, independente da aplicação ou não de NPK.   Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L, Reúso de água, Seca.         OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; ARAUJO, A. F. B. de; LACERDA, C. F. de; CANJÁ, J. F.; PINHO, L. L.; SOUSA, N. I. G. INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION WITH WASTEWATER ON COTTON LEAF GAS EXCHANGE     2 ABSTRACT   The use of wastewater in irrigation has grown as a supplement to circumvent water scarcity. However, little is known about the responses of cultures to its application. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the impacts of supplementary irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulating water scenarios considered normal, drought and severe drought, in the presence and absence of NPK. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Russas - CE, in an area next to the stabilization pond of CAGECE - Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, in DBC, in the subdivided plot scheme, with four blocks. The plots were water scenarios (normal, drought and severe drought); the subplot was supplemented or not with wastewater treated in the simulated summer days; the sub-installment was the application or not of NPK. The cultivar used was BR 433. At 25 days after sowing, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were analyzed. The drought and severe drought scenarios had little impact on the cotton leaf gas exchange. However, supplementary irrigation reduced leaf temperature and attenuated the effects of drought scenario on photosynthesis, whether or not NPK was applied.   Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L, Water reuse, Drought.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
I G.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karakter<br />morfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensial<br />mengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama.<br />Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapat<br />dikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkan<br />karakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daun<br />pada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan di<br />Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di Laboratorium<br />Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai<br />April hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui<br />peranan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapas<br />terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasma<br />nutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakter<br />kerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi,<br />yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI<br />257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-<br />998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP<br />21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1<br />(KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan<br />10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dan<br />nimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daun<br />ketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan<br />bulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701).<br />Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B.<br />tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8,<br />dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan bulu<br />daun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun<br />(0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (&lt;100<br />individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisia<br />tabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa Timur</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Role of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization of<br />Bemisia tabaci Gennadius<br />Trichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reduce<br />chemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisia<br />tabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichome<br />density as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role of<br />trichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci was<br />carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and at<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatments<br />included 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI<br />436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5)<br />Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP<br />Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677),<br />(10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment was<br />arranged in completely randomized design with ten replications.<br />Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphs<br />on one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cotton<br />plant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlated<br />with B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome density<br />of cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisia<br />tabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3<br />(150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300<br />trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaf<br />trichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (&lt; 100<br />individu/cm2 of leaf).<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest,<br />Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization</p>


PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0225876
Author(s):  
Hira Kamal ◽  
Fayyaz-ul-Amir Afsar Minhas ◽  
Diwaker Tripathi ◽  
Wajid Arshad Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Hamza ◽  
...  

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