PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN PADA TANAMAN KAPAS TERHADAP KOLONISASI Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS

ABSTRACT Ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karakter morfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensial mengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama. Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapat dikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkan karakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daun pada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai April hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui peranan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasma nutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakter kerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi, yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619- 998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dan nimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daun ketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan bulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701). Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B. tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan bulu daun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOT SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala 1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun (0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (<100 individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah. Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisia tabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Role of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Trichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reduce chemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichome density as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role of trichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci was carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and at Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatments included 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with ten replications. Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphs on one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cotton plant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlated with B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome density of cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisia tabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300 trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOT SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala 1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaf trichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (< 100 individu/cm2 of leaf). Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest, Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization

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Protein profiling analysis of Gossypium hirsutum (Malvales: Malvaceae) leaves infested by cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1007/s13355-016-0436-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 599-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Ibrahim ◽

Sumaira Yasmeen ◽

Ghanva Zaman ◽

Li Bin ◽

Fahad Al-Qurainy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

Cotton Whitefly ◽

Profiling Analysis

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KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.81-87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

I G.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽

SIWI SUMARTINI ◽

B. HELIYANTO B. HELIYANTO

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Mental Problems ◽

Moderately Resistant

ABSTRAK Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) adalah serangga hama pengisap daun yang sangat potensial menurunkan produktivitas kapas. Pengendaliannya secara kimiawi menimbulkan banyak masalah lingkungan, seperti pencemaran dan peningkatan resistensi hama terhadap insektisida kimia sintetis. Salah satu solusi dalam masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan varietas tahan (resisten) yang juga merupakan bagian dari pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) pada kapas. Penelitian ketahanan beberapa aksesi kapas terhadap A. biguttula (Ishida) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Asembagus, Situbondo, mulai Januari hingga Desember 2006. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa aksesi kapas terhadap serangan hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula. Sebagai perlakuan adalah 30 aksesi kapas yang ditanam dalam plot berukuran 10 m x 3 m, dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm, satu tanaman per lobang. Setiap aksesi disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah nimfa A. biguttula per daun, jumlah bulu daun per cm 2 luas daun, dan posisi bulu terhadap lamina (tegak/rebah), serta skor kerusakan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap aksesi kapas berpotensi terserang A. biguttula, meskipun tingkat populasi hama ini tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar aksesi. Terjadi korelasi negatif (R 2 = 0,2425) antara jumlah bulu daun dan populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan antara jumlah bulu daun dan skor kerusakan tanaman (R 2 = 0,2027). Berdasarkan jumlah bulu daun, aksesi kapas yang termasuk kategori sedikit berbulu dengan kriteria ketahanan sedikit tahan adalah: AC 134, Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9. Sedangkan aksesi lainnya termasuk kategori tidak berbulu dan peka terhadap serangan A. biguttula. Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, aksesi, hama, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida), toleran, peka, kerusakan, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Resistance of several cotton accessions to sucking insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) is a sucking insect pest which potentially reduces cotton productivity. Its chemical control often cause environ- mental problems mainly air pollution and increase of pest resistance to certain chemical insecticides. One solution can be used to solve these problems is by using resistant variety that is also an integral part of the integrated pest management (IPM). Study on the resistance of several cotton accessions to sucking insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Asembagus, Situbondo, East Java, from January to December 2006. The objective of the study was to find out the resistance of cotton accessions to sucking insect pest. Thirty accessions of cotton were used as treatment and were planted in plots 10 m x 3 m with plant spacing 100 cm x 25 cm, one plant per hole. Each accession was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Parameters observed were number of nymph of A. biguttula, number of leaf hair, leaf hairs position (erect or lie down), and score of damage. The result showed that every accession of cotton can be attacked by A. biguttula although the insect population was not significantly different among accessions. There is negative correlation (R 2 = 0.2425) between number of leaf hair and population of A. biguttula and between number of leaf hair and score of plant damage (R 2 = 0.2027). Accessions that categorized as lightly hairy and moderately resistant to A. biguttula were AC 134, Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9, while the others were categorized as glabrous and susceptible to the sucking pest. Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, accession, insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida), tolerant, sensitive, damage, East Jav

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PENGARUH BIOREGULATOR SERTA PUPUK N TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAUN DAN INFESTASI Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA) PADA KAPAS

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v17n2.2011.60-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽

FITRININGDYAH T.K. ◽

M. SOHRI

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Insect Pest ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Leaf Lamina ◽

Hair Density ◽

Mepiquat Chloride ◽

Split Plot ◽

Factor C

ABSTRAKTeknik pengendalian Amrasca biguttula yang paling efektif belumtersedia hingga saat ini. Penggunaan varietaspun belum ada yang benar-benar tahan terhadap hama ini karena keterbatasan aksesi kapas yangmembawa gen ketahanan. Sementara itu penggunaan pupuk N danbioregulator sering diaplikasikan untuk pertumbuhan, sedangkan peng-gunaan keduanya erat hubungannya dengan serangan serangga hama.Penelitian pengaruh bioregulator mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolserta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologi daun dan infestasi Amrascabiguttula dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat di Karangploso, Malang, mulai April - September2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh mepiquatkhlorida dan paclobutrazol serta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologidaun dan infestasi A. biguttula pada tiga galur/varietas kapas. Perlakuanterdiri atas bioregulator sebagai petak utama, yaitu: (1) mepiquat khlorida,(2) paclobutrazol, dan (3) tanpa bioregulator (kontrol). Sebagai anak petakdigunakan dua dosis pupuk N, yaitu: (1) 90 kg N/ha dan (2) 120 kg N/ha.Sedangkan anak-anak petaknya adalah dua galur baru kapas, yaitu: (1)99022/1 dan (2) 99023/5, dan (3) Kanesia 8. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan petak terbagi dua kali (split-split plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.Parameter yang diamati untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadapkarakteristik morfologi daun adalah: panjang tulang daun, kerapatan danpanjang bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina daun, sedangkan terhadapinfestasi A. biguttula dilakukan pengamatan jumlah nimfa pada tanaman dilapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan interaksiantar perlakuan yang diaplikasikan, pengaruh bioregulator dan pupuk Npada tanaman kapas menyebabkan perubahan karakteristik morfologi daun.Mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazol dapat memperpendek tulang daunsekitar 4,0-6,6% dan meningkatkan kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun danlamina daun masing-masing sebesar 10-11% dan 4,0-8,7% dibandingdengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N dengan dosis 120 kg N/hamengurangi kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina masing-masingsebesar 8,9% dan 9,7%. Penggunaan mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolmenurunkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil (4,9%) maupun instarbesar (0,31%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N padadosis 120 kg N/ha meningkatkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecilmaupun besar masing-masing sebesar 4,5% dan 21,3% dari jumlah nimfapada perlakuan dosis 90 kg N/ha. Galur 99022/1 dan 99023/5 mempunyaikerapatan bulu pada lamina daun lebih tinggi (288,06 dan 253,50helai/cm 2 ) dibanding pada Kanesia 8 (248,28 helai/cm 2 ). Jumlah nimfa A.biguttula instar kecil pada kedua galur (99022/1 dan 99023/5) rata-ratalebih rendah (6,37 dan 6,63 ekor/5 tanaman) dibanding pada Kanesia 8(6,87 ekor/5 tanaman). Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah (a) pemilihangalur harapan atau varietas kapas dapat didasarkan pada morfologi daun(kerapatan bulu pada lamina daun), (b) kombinasi antar penggunaan pupukN sesuai rekomendasi dan bioregulator dapat pula menurunkan serangan A.biguttula.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat khlorida,paclobutrazol, Amrasca biguttula, instar, nimfa, galur,varietas, lamina daunABSTRACTEffects of bioregulator and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and Amrascabiguttula infestationUp to now effective method for controlling cotton jassid (A.biguttula) has not been available yet. Resistant varieties so far can be usedto reduce the cotton jassid infestation. Cotton plant usually needs nitrogenfertilizer for optimal growth but sometimes the dosage used is higher thanrecommendation. In certain case bioregulator was applied to limit thevegetative growth. As known nitrogen fertilizer and bioregulatorassociated with insect pest infestation. Study on effects of bioregulator(mepiquat chloride and pachlobutrazole) and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation wasconducted at Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute (IToFCRI) at Karangploso from April to October 2010.The objective of the study was to find out the effects of mepiquat chloride,pachlobutrazole, and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characters ofcotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation. Treatments consisted of threefactors. Factor A : bioregulator (mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazole, andcontrol), factor B : dosage of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (90 and 120 kg/ha),and factor C : cotton cultivar/variety (99022/1; 99023/5; and Kanesia 8).The experiment was arranged using split-split plot with three replicates.Data recorded were mid vein length, hair density on mid vein and lamina,hair length on lamina, and number of A. biguttula nymph. Results showedthat application of bioregulator and N fertilizer altered some morpho-logical characters of cotton leaf. Mepiquat chloride and paclobutrazoleshortened mid vein length by 4.0-6.6%, increased hair density of both midvein and leaf lamina by 10-11% and 4.0-8.7%, respectively, whencompared to control. When applied 120 kg/ha, N fertilizer decreased hairdensity on mid vein by 8.9% and leaf lamina by 9.7% compared to lowerdosage (90 kg N/ha). When compared to control, application of mepiquatchloride dan paclobutrazole reduced number of both small instar (4.9%)and big instar (0.31%) of A. biguttula nymph. Higher dosage (120 kg/ha)of N fertilizer increased population of small and big nymphs of A.biguttula by 4.5 and 21.3%, respectively, compared to lower one (90kg/ha). Leaf hair density was higher on cultivar 99022/1 (288.06hairs/cm 2 ) and 99023/5 (253.50 hairs/cm 2 )than that of Kanesia 8 (248.28hairs/cm 2 ). Nymph population of small instar was lower on 99022/1 and99023/5 (6.37 and 6.63 nymphs) compared to Kanesia 8 (6.87 nymphs).The implication of the reseach is the selection of cotton accession is basedon the morphology of cotton leaf, combined with the use of recommendedN fertilizer and paclobutrazole.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat chloride,paclobutrazole, Amrasca biguttula, variety, cultivar, nymph,instar, lamina

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Two-sex life table of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci on two varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) ◽

10.12692/ijb/3.4.84-89 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 84-89

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Life Table ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Cotton Whitefly

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Ketahanan Plasma Nutfah Kapas terhadap Hama Pengisap Daun, Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v18n2.2012.p77-83 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

IGAA. Indrayani ◽

Siwi Sumartini

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Hair Density ◽

Plant Damage ◽

Plot Size ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Action Threshold ◽

Population Threshold

Resistance of Cotton Germplasms Against Sucking Insect Pest, Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA). IGAA. Indrayani and Siwi Sumartini. Morphological characteristics of cotton leaf have an important role on the resistance against sucking insect pest. Among the characters, leaf hair density is the most important in preventing the attack of sucking insect and it can be used to identify the resistance of cotton germplasms against sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. Study on resistance of cotton germplasms against sucking insect pest, A. biguttula (Ishida) was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Malang from January to December 2009. The objective of study was to find out resistant cotton germplasms to A. biguttula. Fifty accessions of cotton germplasm were used as treatment and arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Plot size used was 10 m x 3 m that consists of two rows of tested accession and one row of Tamcot SP 37 as an atractant plant for A. biguttula. Parameters observed were leaf hair density, length of hair, population of A. biguttula nymph, and plant damage. Cotton accessions with higher hair density and length of leaf hair significantly reduced the frequency of action threshold population of A. biguttula and plant damage. Eleven cotton accessions, viz., SATU 65; VAR 78443; Sukothai 14; GM5U/4/2; Samir 730; L1; L4 x Rex/1; Paymaster 404; ISA 205B; Albar 72B; dan Tashkent 2 were showed more resistant to A. biguttula because of higher leaf hair density (121-360 hairs/cm2), lower nymph population (0-2 times of population threshold) and lower damage score (1.0-1.8). These cotton accessions could be promising to be genetic resources of resistance to sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. AbstrakKarakteristik morfologi daun kapas mempunyai peran penting pada ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap. Di antara sifat morfologi tersebut, kerapatan bulu daun sangat berperan dalam menghambat serangan pengisap sehingga sifat ini dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi aksesi kapas yang tahan A. biguttula. Penelitian ketahanan aksesi kapas terhadap hama pengisap, A. biguttula dilakukan di KP. Asembagus Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat mulai Januari hingga Desember 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan aksesi kapas tahan A. biguttula. Sebanyak 50 aksesi kapas digunakaan sebagai perlakuan yang masing-masing disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Ukuran petak adalah 10 m x 3 m yang terdiri atas 2 baris aksesi yang diuji dan 1 baris Tamcot SP 37 sebagai tanaman penarik A. biguttula. Parameter yang diamati adalah kerapatan (jumlah) bulu daun, panjang bulu daun, populasi nimfa A. biguttula, dan skor kerusakan tanaman. Aksesi dengan kerapatan bulu daun yang tinggi dan berbulu panjang secara nyata menurunkan frekuensi pencapaian populasi ambang kendali dan kerusakan tanaman. Sebelas aksesi kapas dengan jumlah bulu berkisar 121-360 helai/cm2, populasi nimfa rendah (frekuensi ambang rendah, 0-2 kali) dan skor kerusakan rendah (1,0-1,8) adalah SATU 65; VAR 78443; Sukothai 14; GM5U/4/2; Samir 730; L1; L4 x Rex/1; Paymaster 404; ISA 205B; Albar 72B; dan Tashkent 2. Aksesi ini berpotensi sebagai materi genetik untuk ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula.

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PERANAN Synnematium sp. DALAM PENGENDALIAN Sanurus indecora JACOBI (HOMOPTERA: FLATIDAE)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v12n3.2006.103-108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

TRI L. MARDININGSIH ◽

ELNA KARMAWATI ◽

TRI EKO WAHYONO

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Key Words ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Direct Application ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Research Results ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRAK Sanurus indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama yang menyerang tanaman jambu mete di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Di Lombok Timur, hama ini diserang oleh cendawan Synnematium sp. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah cendawan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan S. indecora. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Synnematium sp. dalam pengendalian S. indecora dilakukan di Desa Pohgading, Kecamatan Pringgabaya dan di Desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, Kabupaten Lombok Timur dari bulan Juni sampai September 2004. Penelitian terdiri atas dua kegiatan yaitu di tingkat pot (bibit) dan lapang. Penelitian di tingkat pot terdiri atas tiga kegiatan yaitu aplikasi cendawan terhadap telur, nimfa, imago pada bibit jambu mete (10 telur/ serangga/ bibit). Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan diulang enam kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah telur atau serangga yang mati karena terserang Synnematium sp. mulai satu sampai tujuh hari setelah perlakuan. Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua macam faktor yaitu pola tanam dan konsentrasi Synnematium sp. Parameter yang diamati adalah populasi S. indecora, tingkat serangan, jumlah bunga hermaprodit sebelum perlakuan dan jumlah buah yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan Synnematium sp. yang diaplikasikan pada nimfa S. indecora dan bibit menyebabkan kematian serangga tertinggi mencapai 98,33%. Kematian serangga pada ketiga macam konsentrasi Synnematium sp. baik pada telur, nimfa dan imago tidak berbeda nyata. Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil yaitu 20 g/l atau setara dengan konsentrasi spora 1,64 x 10 8 sudah efektif menyebabkan kematian S. indecora. Penurunan populasi S. indecora oleh Synnematium sp. efektif dengan konsentrasi 20 g/l sebesar 24,14% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Tingkat serangan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi serangga. Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., hama, Sanurus indecora, pengendalian hayati, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Barat ABSTRACT The role of Synnematium sp. in controling Sanurus indecora JACOBI (Homoptera : Flatidae) Sanurus indecora is one of major pests attacking cashew plants in West Nusa Tenggara Province. In East Lombok, this insect pest was attacked by fungi of Synnematium sp. Based on that, the experiment was conducted to find out whether the fungi could be used to control S. indecora or not. The objective of the experiment was to examine the role of Synnematium sp. in the controlling S. indecora. It was carried out in Pohgading, Pringgabaya and Wanasaba, District of East Lombok from June to September 2004. The experiment consisted of two activities namely polybag stage and field activities. Polybag stage activities consisted of three activities namely application of Synnematium sp. on eggs, nymphs, adults on seedling (10 eggs/insect/seedling). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. Observation was conducted on the number of dead eggs, nymphs and adults attacked by Synnematium sp. from one to seven days after treatment. While field activities used a randomized block design arranged in a factorial with two factors i. e. plant pattern and concentration of Synnematium sp. Parameters observed were population of S. indecora, the degree of attack, the number of hermaphrodite flowers before application and the number of developed fruits. Research results showed that Synnematium sp. sprayed to nymphs of S. indecora and seedling caused the highest mortality of S. indecora that reached 98.33%. Mortality of S. indecora on the three concentrations either on eggs, nymphs and direct application to adults was not significantly different. In this experiment, the smallest concentration i.e. 20 g/l or equivalent with concentration of spore 1.64 x 10 8 was effective to cause the death of S. indecora. The decrease of S. indecora population by Synnematium sp. was effective with concentration of 20g/l as many as 24,14% compared with control. The degree of attack was positively correlated with population of S. indecora. Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., pest , Sanurus indecora, biological control, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Barat

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PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN POLA TANAM KAPAS TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PREDATOR HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v13n1.2007.34-39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽

NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽

SUJAK SUJAK

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Laboratory Study ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Cotton Variety ◽

Split Plot ◽

Insect Predator ◽

Insect Predators

ABSTRAK Penanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalian serangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petani kapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektif menekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanya cara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat- kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitian pengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasi predator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampai Desember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predator A. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietas kapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu: (1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166 (tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2) tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan predator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predator terpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahui kemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhi perkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predator ditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA 5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaan populasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapat menyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator. Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebih dominan dibanding predator lainnya. Pada uji pemangsaan di laboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per hari memangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar. Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula, Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton on population density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method for controlling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely been applied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative control should also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biological control by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A. biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and in Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institute in Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was to study the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The first factor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz. TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible, intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factor was cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean. Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications. Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and its predators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily prey ability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula. The result showed that difference resistance of cotton variety influenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predators were found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166, while the density of insect predator was not affected by different cropping pattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment for insect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominant insect predators found in the field because their population higher than those other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed 15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate 2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day. Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula, Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, cropping pattern, East Java

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Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toab008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mauricélia F Almeida ◽

Clébson S Tavares ◽

Euires O Araújo ◽

Marcelo C Picanço ◽

Eugênio E Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Population Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Bt Toxin ◽

Demographic Performance

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

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Molecular and Functional Characterization of One Odorant-Binding Protein Gene OBP3 in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz248 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ran Wang ◽

Yuan Hu ◽

Peiling Wei ◽

Cheng Qu ◽

Chen Luo

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Critical Role ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Odorant Binding Protein ◽

Binding Characteristics ◽

And Function ◽

Odorant Binding

Abstract Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of insects play a critical role in chemical perceptions and choice of insect host plant. Bemisia tabaci is a notorious insect pest which can damage more than 600 plant species. In order to explore functions of OBPs in B. tabaci, here we investigated binding characteristics and function of odorant-binding protein 3 in B. tabaci (BtabOBP3). The results indicated that BtabOBP3 shows highly similar sequence with OBPs of other insects, including the typical signature motif of six cysteines. The recombinant BtabOBP3 protein was obtained, and the evaluation of binding affinities to tested volatiles of host plant was conducted, then the results indicated that β-ionone had significantly higher binding to BtabOBP3 among other tested plant volatiles. Furthermore, silencing of BtabOBP3 significantly altered choice behavior of B. tabaci to β-ionone. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that BtabOBP3 exerts function as one carrier of β-ionone and the results could be contributed to reveal the mechanisms of choosing host plant in B. tabaci.

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