Diffusion of Herbicides to Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Scott ◽  
R. E. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Theoretical Result ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Limiting Factor

Prior to germination, seed of some plant species either adsorb or absorb some herbicides applied to the soil. Equations were developed describing the concentration of the herbicide expected in the seed both when diffusion of the herbicide in the soil is the limiting factor and when diffusion of the herbicide within the seed is the limiting factor. Expected concentrations of the herbicide in the seed were presented for combinations of three seed radii (seed were assumed to be spheres) five diffusion times, and five diffusion coefficients. The calculated concentrations of the herbicide in the seed in ppm increased as seed size or radii decreased. This theoretical result was consistent with experimental data and potentially explains why some large-seeded plant species are difficult to control with the use of herbicides. The equation developed for a perfect “sink” predicted within experimental error the concentration of isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) absorbed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) seed from aqueous solutions of chlorpropham.

scholarly journals Diffusion in Binary Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols by Molecular Simulation

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Klinov ◽  
Ivan Anashkin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Thermodynamic Factor ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Transport Diffusion

Based on the molecular dynamics method, the calculations for diffusion coefficients were carried out in binary aqueous solutions of three alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol. The intermolecular potential TIP4P/2005 was used for water; and five force fields were analyzed for the alcohols. The force fields providing the best accuracy of calculation were identified based on a comparison of the calculated self-diffusion coefficients of pure alcohols with the experimental data for internal (Einstein) diffusion coefficients of alcohols in solutions. The temperature and concentration dependences of the interdiffusion coefficients were determined using Darken’s Equation. Transport (Fickian) diffusion coefficients were calculated using a thermodynamic factor determined by the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) and Willson models. It was demonstrated that for adequate reproduction of the experimental data when calculating the transport diffusion coefficients, the thermodynamic factor has to be 0.64. Simple approximations were obtained, providing satisfactory accuracy in calculating the concentration and temperature dependences of the transport diffusion coefficients in the studied mixtures.

scholarly journals Self-Diffusion Coefficients, Aggregation Numbers and the Range of Existence of Spherical Micelles of Oxyethylated Alkylphenols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor P. Arkhipov ◽  
Natalia A. Kuzina ◽  
Andrei Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Aggregation Numbers ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Spherical Micelles ◽  
Limiting Values

AbstractAggregation numbers were calculated based on measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients, the effective hydrodynamic radii of micelles and aggregates of oxyethylated alkylphenols in aqueous solutions. On the assumption that the radii of spherical micelles are equal to the lengths of fully extended neonol molecules, the limiting values of aggregation numbers corresponding to spherically shaped neonol micelles were calculated. The concentration and temperature ranges under which spherical micelles of neonols are formed were determined.

scholarly journals Experimental data on the removal of acid orange 10 dye from aqueous solutions using TiO2/Na-Y zeolite and BiVO4/Na-Y zeolite nanostructures: A comparison study

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 106869
Author(s):  
Behzad Rahimi ◽  
Nayereh Rezaie-Rahimi ◽  
Negar Jafari ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Acid Orange 10

scholarly journals Diffusion Coefficients in Aqueous Solutions of Beryllium Sulfate at 298 K

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Lobo ◽  
Ana C. Ribeiro ◽  
Luis M. Verissimo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Beryllium Sulfate

Diffusion Coefficients of Interest for the Simulation of Heat Treatment in Rare-Earth Transition Metal Magnets

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Flavio de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Impurity Atom ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Essential Input

In the case of the modeling of sintering and heat treatments, the diffusion coefficients are an essential input. However, experimental data in the literature about diffusion coefficients for rare-earth transition metal intermetallics is scarce. In this study, the available data concerning diffusion coefficients relevant for rare-earth transition metal magnets are reviewed and commented. Some empirical rules are discussed, for example the activation energy is affected by the size of the diffusing impurity atom. Diffusion coefficients for Dy, Nd and Fe into Nd2Fe14B are given according an Arrhenius equation D=D0exp (-Q/RT). For Dy diffusion into Nd2Fe14B, Q 315 kJ/mol and D08 . 10-4m2/s.

Seed Characters and Germination in Soyabean

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
D. Nangju
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

SUMMARYTwenty-five cultivars of soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), differing in their origin, crop duration and seed size, were planted four times at bi-weekly intervals during the major rainy season at Ibadan, Nigeria and harvested at optimum maturity or two weeks later. Delayed harvest and intense rainfall during pod maturation were essential for selecting for resistance to field weathering, but 2 weeks' delay enabled susceptible and resistant cultivars to be identified. Percentage of infected seed had the highest correlation with potential germination at harvest (r=−0·869**) but may not be a suitable criterion for use in a screening programme. An alternative would be to screen cultivars for resistance to weathering on the basis of seed size and the proportion of smooth and clean seed, since these characters were highly correlated to potential germination (r=−0·562** and 0·632** respectively).

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteomics Reveals that GmENO2 Proteins Are Involved in Response to Phosphate Starvation in the Leaves of Glycine max L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Ling Cheng ◽  
Wanling Min ◽  
Man Li ◽  
Lili Zhou ◽  
Chuan-Chih Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a major crop providing important source for protein and oil for human life. Low phosphate (LP) availability is a critical limiting factor affecting soybean production. Soybean plants develop a series of strategies to adapt to phosphate (Pi) limitation condition. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for LP stress response remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a label-free quantification (LFQ) analysis of soybean leaves grown under low and high phosphate conditions. We identified 267 induced and 440 reduced differential proteins from phosphate-starved leaves. Almost a quarter of the LP decreased proteins are involved in translation processes, while the LP increased proteins are accumulated in chlorophyll biosynthetic and carbon metabolic processes. Among these induced proteins, an enolase protein, GmENO2a was found to be mostly induced protein. On the transcriptional level, GmENO2a and GmENO2b, but not GmENO2c or GmENO2d, were dramatically induced by phosphate starvation. Among 14 enolase genes, only GmENO2a and GmENO2b genes contain the P1BS motif in their promoter regions. Furthermore, GmENO2b was specifically induced in the GmPHR31 overexpressing soybean plants. Our findings provide molecular insights into how soybean plants tune basic carbon metabolic pathway to adapt to Pi deprivation through the ENO2 enzymes.

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