Effects of Repeated Applications of Herbicides on Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields

Repeated postemergence treatments of 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron), or 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) can be applied to soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) without severe injury to the foliage throughout the growing season. However, multiple treatments of 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) resulted in more foliar injury early in the season than from similar treatments of chloroxuron, linuron, or dinoseb. Chlorotic veination appeared in the upper leaves of soybeans treated with prometryne late in the season, and injury was greater from multiple applications than from a single application. Chloroxuron and dinoseb resulted in stem injury which increased with repeated applications. Seed yields were lower from plots treated with repeated applications of prometryne compared with untreated plots or plots treated with a single application. Multiple applications of chloroxuron, linuron, or dinoseb did not affect seed yields. Soybean stands were significantly lower in 1 year from three or four applications of linuron and four applications of prometryne compared with fewer applications of each herbicide. Seed quality was best in dinoseb-treated plots and poorest in prometryne-treated plots regardless of the number of applications.

Response of Weeds and Soybeans to Vernolate and Other Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Seed Yields

Vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injected into a sandy loam soil controlled a higher percentage of early weeds in soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) in 2 years out of 3 when compared with incorporated vernolate at the same rate by conventional methods. Late season weed control was enhanced by split applications of herbicides applied postemergence in sequence with vernolate. Chloroxuron (3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea) applied early postemergence plus 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) or 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) applied in split applications as late and layby treatments gave the best weed control. Prometryne caused chlorotic veination in the upper leaves of the plants each year. In 1970, when prometryne was applied in sequence with incorporated vernolate, soybean plants were injured 30% compared with only 8% injury when the same herbicide was applied in sequence with injected vernolate at the same rate. The average seed yields were higher from injected vernolate at 1.12 kg/ha than from incorporated vernolate at 2.24 kg/ha. There was no difference in yield when vernolate was incorporated or injected at the same rate. Seed yields from the 3-year average were lower from plots treated with prometryne than from plots treated with linuron or 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb). Generally, the soybean seed quality was lower and seed size smaller when herbicide treatments failed to control weeds throughout the growing season.

Selective Postemergence Herbicidal Control of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Swisher ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Growing Conditions

Two yr of field research were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BAS-9021 {2-[1-(N-allyloxyamino)butylidene]-5,5-dimethyl-4-methoxycarbonylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, Na salt}, HOE 29152 {methyl 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate}, and mefluidideN-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide as selective herbicides applied postemergence to johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.]. All three herbicides afforded 85% or greater control of rhizome johnsongrass in one experiment in 1977, where repeat applications were made and ideal growing conditions prevailed. HOE 29152 also afforded excellent control with a single application made at the boot stage of johnsongrass. In a second experiment in 1977, when drought conditions prevailed, HOE 29152 was the only herbicide that afforded 70% or greater control of the johnsongrass. Both BAS-9021 and mefluidide afforded less than 60% control of johnsongrass in the single 1978 experiment, when evaluated at the end of the season. This study also was subject to drought conditions throughout the growing season.

Spot Spraying for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Mcwhorter ◽  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Repeated Applications

Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid), TCA ester [ethyleneglycol bis(trichloroacetate)], MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were evaluated for their effectiveness as spot spray treatments to johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] 30, 75, or 100 cm tall from rhizomes. Glyphosate was also applied as a spot spray to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Pickett 71′] to determine its effect on stand losses and subsequent soybean yields. Glyphosate at a concentration of 6 or 12 g/L of water was the most effective treatment regardless of johnsongrass height. A single application provided excellent-to-complete seasonal control within 2 weeks after application. Repeated applications of dalapon, MSMA, and TCA ester would be needed for season-long control. Glyphosate at a concentration of 6 g/L of water applied to 0.5 m long spots of soybeans in late August reduced soybean yields 9, 17, and 28% while the stand was reduced 5,10, and 20%, respectively.

Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Acifluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Murphy ◽  
Billy J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Cowpea Plant

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied 7 days after cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] emergence (unifoliolate leaf stage) gave better control than later applications. Cowpea control was obtained with one acifluorfen application at 7 days after cowpea emergence in 1981, but in 1980 and 1982, applications at 7 and 14 days were necessary for acceptable control (> 80%). Acifluorfen reduced cowpea plant dry weights relative to the weedy control. A single application 7 days after emergence reduced cowpea plant growth more than one at 21 days after emergence. Of all times of application, the greatest soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury occurred when acifluorfen was applied at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence, but seed yields were not reduced relative to the untreated weed-free control. There was no difference in response among three weedy cowpea cultivars to acifluorfen.

Benazolin and Admixtures for Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Eddie R. Jolley ◽  
John A. McGuire ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Ylacetic Acid

Benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid) formulated as the dimethylamine salt was evaluated for common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) control in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] between 1977 and 1979. Benazolin was applied alone or in admixtures with acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) plus naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid), and 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] over-the-top of soybeans {V3 to V12 [V(N); vegetative stage with “N” nodes on the main stem beginning with the unifoliolate node]}. Benazolin effectively controlled common cocklebur at rates of 0.2 and 0.4 kg/ha. Soybean tolerance was acceptable even with a repeat application of 0.4 kg/ha. Early-season (July) control was less than late season (August) because it took 2 to 3 weeks for benazolin to kill common cocklebur. Prickly sida control was poor with benazolin even at 0.6 kg/ha. Soybean tolerance and seed yields were higher when soybeans were treated with admixtures of benazolin plus bentazon than with benazolin alone. Antagonism was observed with this admixture for prickly sida and late-season common cocklebur control. Antagonism was eliminated with ratios of benazolin to bentazon of 1 to 3 applied in a single application or a 1 to 1.5 ratio repeated.

scholarly journals Alternative procedure for the cold test for soybean seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi Vieira ◽  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
José de Barros França Neto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Seed Crops

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10ºC during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure.

Effect of Date of Treatment of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on Soybean (Glycine max) Yields

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sorghum Halepense

In a 6-yr field study, johnsongrass growing in ‘Forrest’ soybeans for the entire growing season reduced yields 45% in the year with most rainfall and 69% in the year with least rainfall. Yields of soybeans grown without johnsongrass competition were 56% higher in the year with the most rainfall than in the year with least rainfall. Yields of soybeans with full-season competition were reduced 75% from those in the year with most rainfall as compared with those in the year with least rainfall. The number of weeks of johnsongrass competition required to significantly reduce soybean yields varied from 3 wk, in the year with least rainfall, to 8 wk, in the year with most rainfall. Nine applications of sethoxydim at 0.84 kg ai ha-1or haloxyfop at 0.55 kg ai ha-1each year did not reduce soybean growth or yields.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment with fungicides on seed quality of soybean (Glycine max L.) during storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
Basave Gowda ◽  
Umesh Hiremath ◽  
Vinod Kumara ◽  
Ganiger BS ◽  
Shanta C Matti
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

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