Benazolin and Admixtures for Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Eddie R. Jolley ◽  
John A. McGuire ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Ylacetic Acid

Benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid) formulated as the dimethylamine salt was evaluated for common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) control in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] between 1977 and 1979. Benazolin was applied alone or in admixtures with acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) plus naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid), and 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] over-the-top of soybeans {V3 to V12 [V(N); vegetative stage with “N” nodes on the main stem beginning with the unifoliolate node]}. Benazolin effectively controlled common cocklebur at rates of 0.2 and 0.4 kg/ha. Soybean tolerance was acceptable even with a repeat application of 0.4 kg/ha. Early-season (July) control was less than late season (August) because it took 2 to 3 weeks for benazolin to kill common cocklebur. Prickly sida control was poor with benazolin even at 0.6 kg/ha. Soybean tolerance and seed yields were higher when soybeans were treated with admixtures of benazolin plus bentazon than with benazolin alone. Antagonism was observed with this admixture for prickly sida and late-season common cocklebur control. Antagonism was eliminated with ratios of benazolin to bentazon of 1 to 3 applied in a single application or a 1 to 1.5 ratio repeated.

Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Acifluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Murphy ◽  
Billy J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Cowpea Plant

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied 7 days after cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] emergence (unifoliolate leaf stage) gave better control than later applications. Cowpea control was obtained with one acifluorfen application at 7 days after cowpea emergence in 1981, but in 1980 and 1982, applications at 7 and 14 days were necessary for acceptable control (> 80%). Acifluorfen reduced cowpea plant dry weights relative to the weedy control. A single application 7 days after emergence reduced cowpea plant growth more than one at 21 days after emergence. Of all times of application, the greatest soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury occurred when acifluorfen was applied at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence, but seed yields were not reduced relative to the untreated weed-free control. There was no difference in response among three weedy cowpea cultivars to acifluorfen.

Competition of Velvetleaf, Prickly Sida, and Venice Mallow in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Eaton ◽  
O. G. Russ ◽  
K. C. Feltner
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Seed Yields

Weed competition in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Clark 63′] with planted stands of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.) is reported. Weeds were planted 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after soybeans and competed until soybeans matured. Soybean seed yields were reduced 720, 250, and 230 kg/ha by velvetleaf, Venice mallow, and prickly sida, respectively. Weeds that emerged with soybeans reduced yields 1,010 kg/ha. Weeds planted 10 days later reduced yields 480 kg/ha, but weeds planted 20 to 40 days after soybeans did not significantly reduced yield. Soybean yields were reduced regardless of weed placement in or between soybean rows. Weed competition reduced numbers of soybean pods per plant more than other soybean-yield components.

Response of Prickly Sida and Soybeans to Various Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. Jeffery ◽  
John Connell ◽  
Tom McCutchen ◽  
Joseph R. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Three preemergence and four postemergence herbicides were compared for control of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) in soybeans (Glycine maxMerrill) and for level of phytotoxicity to soybeans. As a preemergence herbicide, chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea] provided better control of prickly sida than did linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea] which was more consistently effective than was naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). Chlorbromuron applied as a preemergence treatment caused slight crop injury. In most cases preemergence treatments followed by cultivation were effective in providing season-long control. The descending order of effectiveness for prickly sida control by the postemergence herbicides was: chlorbromuronmetribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] > prometryne [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] > dinoseb. Prometryne as a postemergence treatment following a preemergence herbicide increased prickly sida control more consistently than dinoseb used as the postemergence treatment. However, prometryne caused more crop injury than did dinoseb.Comparison of soybean yields from the weedy and weed free checks show that prickly sida caused only 9 to 14% yield losses in soybeans.

Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields

Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to determine the response of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 156’], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA), and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] to acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide}, and lactofen {(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-dinitrobenzoate}. Acifluorfen and lactofen were more phytotoxic to soybean 15 days after treatment (DAT) than fomesafen. All herbicides at low rates controlled 80% or more pitted morningglory. However, only the high rates (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen and fomesafen controlled 80% or more ivyleaf morningglory 90 DAT. Full-season competition from untreated pitted morningglory reduced soybean seed yields 44 and 22% in 1985 and 1986, respectively, compared to 58 and 49% with untreated ivyleaf morningglory. Soybean seed yields were higher in plots receiving acifluorfen or fomesafen applications than lactofen applications.

Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Mefluidide Applied Postemergence

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Over The Top

Mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-amino] phenyl] acetamide} was applied postemergence in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields and its effectiveness in controlling johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory], and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) was evaluated. In plots treated preplanting with trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), mefluidide gave 95% johnsongrass control when it was applied postemergence (over-the-top without surfactant) once at 0.90 kg/ha or twice at 0.44 kg/ha. Directed sprays of mefluidide at 0.22 to 0.67 kg/ha without surfactant were more effective on johnsongrass than similar treatments applied over-the-top. When 0.5% (v/v) nonoxynol [α-(p-nonyl-phenyl)-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)] surfactant was added, mefluidide at 0.44 or 0.67 kg/ha applied as directed or over-the-top sprays provided 76 to 90% johnsongrass control. Mefluidide at 1.12 kg/ha plus nonoxynol surfactant, applied as a directed spray, was required to provide 81% control of hemp sesbania. Directed sprays containing mixtures of mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 2.2 kg/ha, or mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus a 2:1 mixture of naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid)/dinoseb at 4.7 L/ha, effectively controlled 40- to 60-cm-tall hemp sesbania. A single, directed spray of mefluidide at 0.56 kg/ha plus nonoxynol provided 92% common cocklebur control, and mixtures of mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus dinoseb at 2.2 kg/ha or naptalam/dinoseb (a 2:1 mixture) at 4.7 L/ha increased control above that provided by either of the herbicides alone.

Phytotoxicity of Methazole to Prickly Sida and Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
E. R. Butts ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Over The Top

The differential tolerance of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) to methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione]was studied under greenhouse conditions. Methazole at dosages up to 8.96 kg/ha did not affect emergence of either species. Applications via nutrient solution, as well as preemergence and postemergence (over-the-top) treatments were phytotoxic to both species, becoming more pronounced with increasing concentration and time. However, a margin of selectivity between species occurred at dosages from 0.56 to 3.36 kg/ha preemergence. Directed sprays of methazole were not injurious to cotton. Selectivity would be influenced by plant size and method of application as well as biochemical differences between species.

Application Timing of Lactofen for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Charles W. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments compared single and sequential applications of lactofen {+-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate} to the standard herbicide programs of alachlor [2-chloro-N-2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide] + paraquat (1,11-dimethyl-4,41-bipyridinium ion) and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + bentazon {3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazon-4(3H) 2,2-dioxide} for broadleaf weed control. A single late postemergence (LPOST) application of lactofen controlled morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) as well as lactofen applied early POST (EPOST) and LPOST. Lactofen applied sequentially at groundcracking (GC) and EPOST provided greater and/or more consistent control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and prickly sida than alachlor+paraquat applied GC or acifluorfen+bentazon applied LPOST. Ipomoea spp. control was less with a single LPOST application of lactofen than with acifluorfen+bentazon applied LPOST in 1988. Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) was controlled with single or sequential lactofen applications and with acifluorfen+bentazon applied LPOST. Peanut yield was greater when lactofen was applied at GC followed by an EPOST application compared with a single application of lactofen applied LPOST, acifluorfen+ bentazon applied LPOST, or alachlor+paraquat applied GC.

Response of Soybeans (Glycine max) to Planting in Untilled, Weedy Seedbed on Clay Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] were planted in an untilled, stale seedbed and conventionally tilled seedbed of Sharkey clay (Vertic Haplaquept) at Stoneville, Mississippi, in 1979 and 1980 to determine the feasibility of the stale -seedbed approach for soybean production in the Mississippi River Delta. Chemical weed control included applications of preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicides. Prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) was the dominant weed in all tillage and weed-control systems. Perennial species were observed at harvest mostly in the stale - seedbed plots. Preemergence herbicides reduced the total weight of weeds per plot. Conventional seedbed preparation caused delays in planting of 3 weeks or more. In the presence of adequate soil moisture, yields of ‘Bedford,’ ‘Tracy’, and ‘Bragg’ cultivars from the stale - seedbed planting and areas that had been treated preemergence were always equal to or greater than yields from the tilled - seedbed plantings and areas that had been treated postemergence. In 1980, the hot, dry conditions of the growing season apparently negated any effect from either earlier planting or preemergence vs. post-emergence weed control.

Control of Six Morningglory (Ipomoea) Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Mathis ◽  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Over The Top

A 4-yr field test was initiated in 1975 to determine susceptibility of a natural infestation of six morningglory species to herbicides which can be applied to the soil and foliage in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. The species studied were pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), entireleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.integriuscula], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.], purple moonflower [Ipomoea muricata(L.) Jacq.], palmleaf morningglory [Ipomoea wrightii(Gray)], and small flower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb.]. Control with herbicides applied preplant incorporated and preemergence was dependent on morningglory species and on rainfall to allow plant uptake of the herbicide. Herbicides applied to the soil were not as effective as those applied postemergence. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] gave the best and longest lasting preemergence control, averaging 79% control for all species. Preemergence control with metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] was dependent on species, with 84% control of small flower morningglory and only 26% for ivyleaf and 18% for entireleaf morningglory. At V2 (one trifoliolate) and V5 stages of soybean growth, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at 0.56 kg/ha applied over-the-top and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] at 0.28 kg/ha applied post-directed gave 90 and 92% control of all species, respectively. Most effective were repeated post-directed applications at V5 and V7 stages of soybean growth. Metribuzin + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] (99%), linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] + 2,4-DB (98%), 2,4-DB (95%), and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) + 2,4-DB (93%) provided excellent control regardless of the morningglory species.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Postemergence Grass Herbicides Applied Alone and in Mixtures

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Ylacetic Acid

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, CGA-82725 {2-propynyl 2-[4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate}, RO 13-8895 {acetone-O-[D-2-[p-(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propionyl oxime}, and difenopenten {4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenoxy]-2-pentenoic acid} were evaluated as single and/or split applications for postemergence control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. ♯ SORHA] grown from rhizomes in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Good to excellent control, crop safety, and yield enhancement were achieved with all herbicides evaluated. Antagonism between postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides was evaluated by applying sethoxydim, CGA-82725, RO 13-8895, and difenopenten alone to soybeans infested with johnsongrass grown from seed, and applying these herbicides as mixtures with acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], or benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid). Acifluorfen was most antagonistic to the activity of postemergence grass herbicides, with difenopenten and sethoxydim the most susceptible to antagonism. Reductons in johnsongrass control were attributed to antagonism by broadleaf herbicides, which caused soybean yield reductions of up to 67%.

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