Alternative procedure for the cold test for soybean seeds

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10ºC during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure.

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Semi-automated Phenotyping of Soybean Seedlings and Its Relation With Physiological Seed Quality

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jackson Araújo da Silva ◽

André Dantas de Medeiros ◽

Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽

Marcio Dias Pereira ◽

Laércio Junio da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Primary Root ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Cold Test ◽

Research Field ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Vigor Index

The development of procedures enabling agility and effectiveness to the analyses of seed vigor are great advances for the seed research field. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the Seedling Analysis System (SAPL®) to seedling phenotyping and determining the physiological potential of soybean seeds, in comparison with the information provided by traditional vigor tests recommended for this species. The characterizing of physiological potential of the seed lots was carried out based on germination tests, first germination count, seedling emergence, cold test, and electrical conductivity. The results of these tests were compared with the data obtained using image analysis with the software SAPL®, which was used to evaluate the development seven- day old seedlings. It was obtained the length of shoot, primary root and entire seedling, growth rates, uniformity, vigor index and corrected vigor index, based on different variations of the growth/uniformity ratio, namely 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, in the vigor index calculation. Analysis of images of the seven-day old seedlings using SAPL® enables phenotyping of soybean seedlings and is a consistent and promising alternative for identifying differences in vigor between soybean seed lots, equivalent to that found with traditional vigor tests.

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Genetic diversity in soybean seed quality under different storage conditions

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p57 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Daniele Piano Rosa ◽

Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽

Diego Santos Oliveira ◽

Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva ◽

André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

High Standard ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

High Germination ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Almost All

This study aimed to assess the effect of genetic diversity on physiological quality of soybean seeds stored in cold chamber and under environmental conditions. Ten cultivars were assessed in a randomized factorial design (2x10). Factor 1 corresponded to two storage conditions and factor 2 to ten soybean cultivars, with four replications. The evaluated variables were total germination (G%), first count of germination (F%), percentage of abnormal seedlings (AS%), germination speed index (GSI), water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), dry matter of seedlings (DMS) and length of seedlings (LS). Data underwent ANOVA, followed by Scott Knott test, as well as multivariate analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed a higher physiological quality for seeds under cold storage. Half of the cultivars (FPS Júpiter, FPS Urano, FPS Antares, FPS Netuno and CD 250) presented high germination rates and seed vigor, being thus indicated as high-standard materials for further breeding programs. Besides that, storage environment had influence on the clustering of soybean cultivars. Moreover, cultivars had genetic dissimilarity for almost all assessed traits as G%, GSI, F%, AS%, EC, DMS and LS.

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High gamma irradiation doses and long storage times reduce soybean seed quality

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1219 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1219

Author(s):

Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽

Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama ◽

Valter Arthur ◽

Newton Deniz Piovesan ◽

Alisson Santos Lopes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Response Surfaces ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Production Cycle ◽

High Gamma ◽

Storage Times ◽

Long Storage

High quality seeds are required for soybean production. This study evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation and storage time on seed quality in soybean lines VX04-6828 and VX04-5692. Seeds were gamma irradiated (60Co) with 0, 50, 150, and 250 Gy. After the first seed production cycle (M1), the harvested seeds were stored in the laboratory for 0, 2, 4, and 6 months. Moisture content, seed quality (germination rate, dead seeds, and normal and abnormal seedlings), and seed vigor (first germination count, germination index, and seedling length) were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance for each soybean line using a 4 x 4 factorial design (four storage times x four gamma irradiation doses). Response surfaces were constructed based on the F test significance (p ? 0.05). VX04-5692 seeds were more sensitive to gamma radiation than were VX04-6828 seeds. Soybean seed quality was highest in M2 seeds derived from seeds irradiated with less than 100 Gy and stored for up to two months. High gamma irradiation doses and long storage times reduced soybean seed quality.

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Soybean seed origin effects on physiological and sanitary quality and crop yield

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1789 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1789 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Silvestrini Tonello ◽

Nataliê Luíse Fabbian ◽

Deivid Sacon ◽

Aline Netto ◽

Vanessa Neumann Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Production Costs ◽

Crop Season ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Seed Origin

The suitable establishment of a crop depends on seed quality, among another factors. However, with high production costs many producers use uncertified seeds, to reduce expenses with this input at sowing time. The objective was to evaluate germination, vigor and health of soybean seeds, diseases incidence in cvs. NS 5445 IPRO and BMX Ativa RR, whose seeds were of certified and uncertified origins, as well as yield components and grain yield of soybeans, with or without fungicides application. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop season, in Erechim-RS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC): one in the laboratory, under a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivar x origin); and another in the field in a homogeneous area, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with/without fungicide application and certified/uncertified seed) for two cultivars, both with four replications. The variables evaluated were: germination and seed health, yield (kg ha-1), thousand grains weight (g), number of grains per plant, and incidence of foliar fungal diseases. The main fungi identified in seeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest incidence percentage were obtained in uncertifed seeds, at two harvests. Both cultivars and origins presented the minimum germination required for commercialization, however, certified seeds had better performance for seed vigor. As for normal seedlings, there was a significant difference only for the 2016/17 crop season, with the highest percentage obtained in certified seeds (52.0% for NS 5445 and 73.5% for BMX Ativa). Best productivity was achieved with cultivation of certified seeds associated with fungicides in both crops and cultivars. For thousand grains weight (TGW) there was no difference in origin, but only for cultivar and fungicides apply. The number of grains per plant was higher in plants from certified seeds and that received fungicides, being cv. BMX Ativa the most responsive for the two harvests analyzed. The main diseases found in the two harvests were: Asian rust, powdery mildew, mildew, septoriosis and cercosporiosis. However, seed origin, in both crops, did not differ in the incidence of Asian rust, powdery mildew and mildew, but for septoriosis and cercosporiosis, considered soybean late season diseases, seed origin is a determining fator.

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Harvest delay, storage and physiological quality of soybean seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v41n4222413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 506-513

Author(s):

Rafael Vergara ◽

Raimunda Nonata Oliveira da Silva ◽

Arieli Paula Nadal ◽

Gizele Ingrid Gadotti ◽

Tiago Zanatta Aumonde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Local Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Storage Period ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Harvest Delay

Abstract: Soybean is one of the leading commodities in Brazilian agribusiness. Its cultivation is widespread in different seed-producing regions of the country, where it generates income and local development. In this context, the soybean seed is a fundamental input, as its quality strongly influences the success of the crop. However, the period after the achievement of physiological maturity is critical for the maintenance of seed quality. For that reason, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of harvest delay on both the initial and final qualities of soybean seeds. The research consisted of four harvest times, in which the initial quality was assessed through tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging and tetrazolium. After 120 days of storage, the germination and accelerated aging tests were once again conducted. The experiment complied with a completely randomized block design with eight replications. The rainfall was monitored during the pre-harvest phase. All variables experienced negative impacts due to the delay in harvesting. Also, the seeds suffered more damage as the delay progressed, and the variables germination and seed vigor decreased after the storage period.

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Effects of Purple Seed Stain on Seed Quality and Composition in Soybean

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9080993 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Richard E. Turner ◽

M. Wayne Ebelhar ◽

Teresa Wilkerson ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Bobby R. Golden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Market Price ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Infected Seed ◽

Purple Seed Stain

Purple seed stain disease, caused by (Cercospora kukuchii), is a major concern in soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Mississippi, USA, due to its effects on seed quality, reducing soybean seed grade and potential market price at elevators. Therefore, investigating the effects of purple seed stain (PSS) on seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (nutrition) is critical. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PSS on seed harvest index, seed germination, seed vigor, and seed composition components (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars). A field experiment was initiated in 2019 in Stoneville, MS, at the Delta Research and Extension Center (DREC) on a Commerce silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluventic Epiaquepts). Soybean variety Credenz 4748 LL was used. The results showed that infected (symptomatic) seed had a 5.5% greater Seed Index (based on 100 seed weight) when compared to non-infected (non-symptomatic, as control) seed. Non-infected seed had greater percent germination and seedling vigor when compared to infected seed. Germination was 30.9% greater and vigor was 58.3% greater in non-infected seed. Also, the results showed that infected seed with PSS had higher protein content and some amino acids. No changes in total oil and fatty acids. Sucrose and stachyose were lower in infected seed than in non-infected seed. The research showed that PSS impacted seed health and seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (protein, sugars, and some amino acids). Purple stained seed should be avoided when planting and should be managed properly as low germination is a potential risk. Planting population should be adjusted accordingly due to lack of germination and vigor if PSS is present. This research help growers for purple seed management, and scientists to further understand the potential negative impact on seed quality and nutrition. Further research is needed before conclusive recommendations are made.

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Assessment of the physiological potential of super sweet corn seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/s2317-15372013000300010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 340-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata Oliveira Alvarenga ◽

Julio Marcos-Filho ◽

Tathiana Silva Timóteo

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Primary Root ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Cold Test ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Control Programs ◽

Seedling Length

The assessment of physiological potential is essential in seed quality control programs. This study compared the sensitivity of different procedures for evaluating super sweet corn seed vigor, focusing on the primary root protrusion test. Six seed lots, each of the SWB 551 and SWB 585 hybrids, were used. Seed physiological potential was evaluated by germination and vigor tests (speed of germination, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging, cold test, seedling length, seedling emergence and primary root protrusion). Primary root protrusion was evaluated every 12 hours at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C using two criteria (primary root protrusion and seedlings at the 2 mm root stage). It was concluded that the primary root protrusion test at 15 °C can evaluate super sweet corn seed vigor by counting the number of seedlings at the 2 mm root stage.

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Relationship between pod permeability and seed quality in soybean

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v36n3919 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carolina Maria Gaspar de Oliveira ◽

Francisco Carlos Kryzanowski ◽

Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira ◽

José de Barros França-Neto ◽

Ademir Assis Henning

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Development Stages ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Physiological Quality

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pod wall permeability on the physiological quality of soybean seed. The cultivars studied were Sant'Ana, FT-2, FT-10, Bossier, Davis and the breeding line F 84-7-30, with a black seed coat. Pods were collected from plants at the R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 development stages, which composed the treatments in regard to time of harvest. The parameters of permeability and the lignin content of the pods and the seeds within the pods were evaluated. The seeds were collected just after full maturity (R8), and the following tests were performed: germination, electrical conductivity, and tetrazolium, which determined seed viability and vigor. A randomized complete block design in a split-plot in time arrangement was used, with four replications per treatment. The soybean genotypes (six) composed the plots, and the split-plots consisted of the development stages (R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8). In seed evaluation, the same design was used, reducing the number of treatments to three in the split-plots (R6, R7 and R8). Pod permeability varied with the genotype and stage of development; this affected seed vigor, but not the viability of newly-harvested seeds. The pod lignin content did not show any influence on pod permeability.

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Saturated salt accelerated aging and computerized analysis of seedling images to evaluate soybean seed performance

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v32n2935 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Juliana Tieme Yagushi ◽

Denis Santiago Costa ◽

José de Barros França-Neto

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Imaging System ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Accelerated Aging Test ◽

Aging Test ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Tetrazolium Test

Seed deterioration causes losses to seed companies during the storage. For researches, the challenge has been to develop techniques which improve the seed longevity as well as laboratory analysis methods required for evaluating the evolution of deterioration in storage. This study had the objective of determining the effectiveness of the accelerated aging test with a saturated NaCl solution and Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS) analysis in checking soybean seed physiological in comparison with the recommended vigor tests. Soybean seeds from the cultivars BRS 184 and M-Soy 7908 RR were used, each of them were represented by six lots and stored for six months under two environment conditions. Seed physiological quality was checked every two months in storage through germination evaluations, accelerated aging (different methods), tetrazolium test (vigor and viability) seedling emergence, and SVIS analysis. The tetrazolium test is the most advisable method for evaluating soybean seed quality during storage. The results of the saturated salt accelerated aging test with NaCl at 41 ºC for 72 or 96 hours and the SVIS evaluation are also both efficient for estimating the physiological potential of seeds.

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